scholarly journals Production Potential and Development of a Decision Support Models for the Plantations of Aleppo Pine in the Oued Laou Watershed in the Moroccan Rif

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3700-3713
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Aleppo Pine ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Plantation Age ◽  
Decision Support Models ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Annual Volume ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Semi Arid

The present study was carried out in the Oued Laou watershed belonging to the Moroccan Rif. It aims at the elaboration of mathematical tariffs for cubing Aleppo pine, the morphometric and increments study. The data analyzed for this purpose were collected after a preliminary stratification of the forest based on the plantation age. The study of the region’s climate shows that the western sector of the watershed is part of the temperate humid bioclimate, and the eastern sector belongs to the warm variant subhumid. The analysis of the stand-study structure shows that the distribution of the number of stems as a function of the circumference is a distribution close to normal. Cubic rates have been constructed to estimate the volume of trees. The mean annual volume increment of Aleppo pine varies between 3.10 and 4.83 m3/ha/year from one plot to another; this small fluctuation largely reflects the homogeneity of the study area. Aleppo pine has a wide ecological and spatial plasticity: colonization of all substrates, bioclimates ranging from semi-arid to temperate humid. It’s a species that exhibits uniform behavior despite topographic and edaphic variations.

Growth table for Corsican pine in Flanders (Belgium)

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Meuleman
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Annual Volume ◽  
Very High

After  its introduction at the start of this century, the Corsican pine has become  an important forest tree in Flanders (Belgium). The total area covered by  Corsican pine is about 11.000 ha. Due to climatological factors it is  virtually absent from the Walloon part of Belgium. Despite the crisis in 1984  - 1986, practical experiences with its vitality and disease resistance are  generally positive. Compared to Scots pine which is native to Belgium, its  productivity and insensitivity for insect pests is large.     To quantify the productivity of Corsican pine, a growth table was  constructed using a method developed by PALM and DAGNELIE. It was based on  data from 321 temporarily and 80 permanent plots distributed over Flanders.  Five yield classes were distinguished according to dominant height at 50  years. For each yield class, a series of tables as a function of treatment  was constructed. Treatments were characterized by the mean annual  circumference increment.     These tables allow to predict the growth of Corsican pines. Such  predictions for the whole range of species are necessary for the development  of a good forestry policy and for timber industries. The tables also provide  information for any given Corsican pine stand that is helpful in practice:  expected productivity, stand density, determination of the felling quantum.      The data show that the productivity of Corsican pine is very high. The very  early culmination of the current annual volume increment and the rather  constant level of the mean annual volume increment after culmination are  interesting new findings. It is also shown that it is possible to work with  long rotation periods. This offers good opportunities for the production of  high quality wood and is also important for the social and ecological role of  the forest.     Productivity is lowest on very dry and sandy soils. A high productivity on  moderately dry sand and loamy sand soils and loamy soils make the Corsican  pine one of the most valuable tree species for the Kempen in Flanders.  Although productivity is very high on well drained sandy loam and loam soils,  plantation of Corsican pine on these locations is not advised.

scholarly journals Growth Relationships in Silver Fir Stands at Their Lower-Altitude Limit in Romania

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Gheorghe-Marian Tudoran ◽  
Avram Cicșa ◽  
Albert Ciceu ◽  
Alexandru-Claudiu Dobre
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Annual Volume ◽  
Mean Current

This study presents the biometric relationships among various increments that is useful in both scientific and practical terms for the silvicultural of silver fir. The increments recorded in the biometric characteristics of trees are a faithful indicator of the effect of silvicultural work measures and of environmental conditions. Knowing these increments, and the relationships among them, can contribute to adaptations in silvicultural work on these stands with the purpose of reducing risks generated by environmental factors. We carried an inventory based on tree increment cores. The sample size was determined based on both radial increment and height increment variability of the trees. The sample trees were selected in proportion to their basal area on diameter categories. Current annual height increment (CAIh) was measured on felled trees from mean tree category. For CAIh we generated models based on the mean tree height. Percentages of the basal area increment and of form-height increment were used to compute the current annual volume increment percentage (PCAIv). For the mean tree, the CAIh estimated through the used models had a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.8749 and for the current annual volume increment (CAIv) the RMSE value was 0.1295. In even-aged stands, the mean current volume increment tree is a hypothetical tree that may have the mean basal area of all the trees and the form-height of the stand. Conclusions: The diameter, height, and volume increments of trees are influenced by structural conditions and natural factors. The structures comprising several generations of fir mixed with beech and other deciduous trees, which have been obtained by the natural regeneration of local provenances, are stable and must become management targets. Stable structures are a condition for the sustainable management of stands.

Models of decision support in socio-cyber-physical systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Smirnov ◽  
T. V. Levashova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Emergent Behavior ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Decision Support Models ◽  
Common Goals

Introduction: Socio-cyber-physical systems are complex non-linear systems. Such systems display emergent properties. Involvement of humans, as a part of these systems, in the decision-making process contributes to overcoming the consequences of the emergent system behavior, since people can use their experience and intuition, not just the programmed rules and procedures.Purpose: Development of models for decision support in socio-cyber-physical systems.Results: A scheme of decision making in socio-cyber-physical systems, a conceptual framework of decision support in these systems, and stepwise decision support models have been developed. The decision-making scheme is that cybernetic components make their decisions first, and if they cannot do this, they ask humans for help. The stepwise models support the decisions made by components of socio-cyber-physical systems at the conventional stages of the decision-making process: situation awareness, problem identification, development of alternatives, choice of a preferred alternative, and decision implementation. The application of the developed models is illustrated through a scenario for planning the execution of a common task for robots.Practical relevance: The developed models enable you to design plans on solving tasks common for system components or on achievement of common goals, and to implement these plans. The models contribute to overcoming the consequences of the emergent behavior of socio-cyber-physical systems, and to the research on machine learning and mobile robot control.

Effect of season on thermoregulatory responses and energy expenditure of goats on semi-arid range in India

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. SHINDE ◽  
RAGHAVENDRA BHATTA ◽  
S. K. SANKHYAN ◽  
D. L. VERMA
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Semi Arid

A study of the physiological responses and energy expenditure of goats was carried out from June 1999 to May 2000 by conducting two experiments: one on bucks maintained on stall feeding in autumn 1999 (Expt 1) followed by year-round grazing on native ranges over three seasons: monsoon, winter and summer (Expt 2). Physiological responses and energy expenditure (EE) measurements of housed and grazing goats were recorded at 06.00 h and 14.00 h for 5 consecutive days in each season. Goats were fixed with a face mask and meteorological balloon for collection of expired air and measurement of EE. Respiration rate (RR) at 06.00 h was similar in all seasons (14 respiration/min) except in the monsoon, where a significantly (P<0.05) higher value (26 respiration/min) was recorded. At 14.00 h, RR was higher in monsoon and summer (81 and 91 respiration/min) than in winter (52 respiration/min). Irrespective of the season, heart rate (HR) was higher at 14.00 h (86 beat/min) than at 06.00 h (64 beat/min). The rise of rectal temperature (RT) from morning (06.00 h) to peak daily temperature (14.00 h) was 0.9 °C in housed goats in autumn and 1.0, 2.1 and 2.0 °C in grazing goats during monsoon, winter and summer, respectively. The mean value was 1.7 °C. Skin temperature (ST) was lowest in winter (30.1 °C) and highest at 14.00 h in summer (40.3 °C). Energy expenditure of goats at 06.00 h was 32.7 W in winter and significantly (P<0.05) increased to 52.0 W in summer and 107.8 W in monsoon. At 14.00 h, EE was 140.2 W in winter and increased to 389.0 W and 391.3 W respectively in monsoon and summer. It is concluded that monsoon and summer are both stressful seasons in semi-arid regions. Animals should be protected from direct solar radiation during the hottest hours of the day to ameliorate the effect of heat stress.

Efficiency Analysis of Turkey's Transportation System Using Decision Support Model

2016 ◽  
pp. 61-92
Author(s):  
Adnan Sozen ◽  
Fatih Cipil
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Malmquist Index ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Decision Support Model ◽  
Decision Support Models ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Eu

Since the European Union has certain targets and criteria that must be fulfilled by its members, Turkey's situation in transportation compared to the EU member countries (23 countries whose data were accessed) was examined through the approaches of decision support models (Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Index). This study investigates whether Turkey utilizes its road, airway and railway transportation indicators efficiently or not within the framework of the European Union (EU) accession process. In addition, it aims to demonstrate Turkey's current position compared to other EU countries by performing relative efficiency analysis on road, airway and railway transportation indicators. The conclusions of this study will help policymakers to determine Turkey's policy objectives for its integration to the EU in terms of transportation indicators.

Some Selected Case Study Applications

2016 ◽  
pp. 180-270
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Markov Decision ◽  
Decision Support Models ◽  
Minimization Technique

Having examined the modelling principles of underpinning based decision support systems applied to construction in Chapter 6, this chapter will now demonstrate their detail applications in construction practice. Specifically, 7 decision-support systems will be examined. The choices are based on the fact that data for use in the decision support models are available. The decision-support systems considered are the matrix-based used in determining labor cost, sub-chaining method, linear regression, optimization (i.e. minimization) technique, Markov decision process and rule-based systems.

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