scholarly journals The Development and Application of Wooden Materials in Turkish Arts

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Keyword(s):  
Surface Coating ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Oak Wood ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Wood Carving ◽  
Wood Art ◽  
Materials Used

Wood is a kind of material that humanity has used continuously since the day it existed. Wood materials that have been used in many areas of life in the historical process has also been preferred in handicrafts. Moreover, these materials have been used continuously in Turkish Handicrafts from past to present. Especially the Anatolian Seljuks showed original examples of wood materials art in works such as pulpit, mihrab, sarcophagus, lectern, door, and window wings. Kündekari and wood carving technique, which is a kind of interlacing technique in decoration, has been applied in walnut, ebony, rose, and oak wood materials. On the other hand, different surface coating processes such as painting and polishing were applied to these materials for decoration. Wood art continued to increase with wood carving techniques such as inlay, openwork bonding, tarsi, and Edirnekari in the Ottoman. There has been an increase in the variety of wood materials used with the increasing techniques. Hence, original wood samples were given in Ottoman wood art with a variety of materials and rich decoration techniques.

scholarly journals Heritage Building Stones from Évora, Portugal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Ancient Rock ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

<p>The city of Évora, a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO in 1986, also owes this recognition to the stones that built its monuments and preserve them until today.</p><p>This work brings together the contributions that we have gathered over the past three decades and allow us to have a very complete idea, not only about the materials used in the hundreds of monuments and historic buildings but also about their provenance. If some materials are so emblematic that they allow an immediate identification with the naked eye, others needed more sophisticated and precise techniques so that there was no doubt about their origin.</p><p>The igneous rocks and gneisses of granite composition are part of the “Massif of Évora” on which the city is built. Thus, and quite naturally they are by far the most represented group in monuments from all historical periods. Its function is essentially structural, but there are also functional, ornamental and decorative objects. For example, the oldest megalithic structures found in the vicinity of the city are made up of large granite blocks that often had to be transported to their locations.</p><p>On the other hand, many gargoyles and statues that decorate the churches are also made up of these granite rocks. On these, the natural erosion of centuries of exposure to the environment has led to a state of alteration, sometimes very accentuated, which would justify its replacement by replicas sculpted in similar rocks. Provenance studies have made it possible to identify old quarries in the vicinity of the city where, on the one hand, the ancient rock extraction techniques can be observed and on the other hand, they allow the obtaining of the raw material necessary for these restoration and conservation works. In any case, they are places that need to be inventoried and protected, with the municipality already aware of their existence.</p><p>As well as the monuments of the Roman Period, also the structures of the Medieval Period, such as the city walls, the Cathedral (started to be built in 1186 AD) and all the great churches, were also built with these granitoids.</p><p>In addition to these rocks, many others of multiple varieties and origins are present. The marbles, especially the Estremoz Marbles (Global Heritage Stone Resource), are ubiquitous in the city, but there are also emblematic marbles from other places, some easily identifiable (ie Viana do Alentejo, Escoural, Trigaches, Serpa and Vila Verde de Ficalho, for presenting mineralogy, textures, colors and patterns which, together with more recent analytical techniques, have confirmed its provenance.</p><p>Sedimentary rocks, with emphasis on Portuguese Mesozoic limestones, ie Lioz - GHSR and Brecha da Arrábida - GHSR candidate, among others more rare and with very specific use in ornamental details, are also present and contribute to enrich a heritage in stone that makes this city so special and very popular with tourists of all nationalities.</p><p>Acknowledgments: the authors thank to FCT for funding the ICT (UID/GEO/04683/2019), as well as COMPETE POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007690.</p>

scholarly journals Daya Serap Air dan Kualitas Wadah Semai Ramah Lingkungan Berbahan Limbah Kertas Koran dan Bahan Organik

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Jumadil Akhir ◽  
Allaily Allaily ◽  
Dida Syamsuwida ◽  
Sri Wilarso Budi R
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Materials Used

Abstrak. Wadah semai ramah lingkungan merupakan produk yang dibuat dari bahan organik. Bahan organik yang digunakan dapat berupa limbah, sehingga dapat membantu mengatasi permasalahan lingkungan dalam menangani limbah. Di sisi lain penggunaan wadah semai ramah lingkungan mempunyai keuntungan yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan polybag berbahan plastik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya serap air dan kualitas Wadah Semai Ramah Lingkungan (WSRL) berbahan limbah kertas koran dan bahan organik lainnya. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 2 faktor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya serap air berkisar 171. 04 %-223.69%, dengan nilai tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan Ab (Koran 100% + 8% perekat) dan terendah terdapat pada perlakuan Ac (Koran 100% + 12% perekat). Penggunaan koran 100% menunjukkan WSRL yang lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Water Absorption and Quality of Eco-Friendly Container Waste from Newsprint and Organic Materials Abstract. Organic seedling containers was produced from organic materials. Organic materials used can be waste, so it can help overcome environmental problems in handling waste. On the other hand, the use of organic seeding containers makes the containers more friendly and has greater advantages compared to polybags made from plastic. This study aimed to determine the water absorption and durability of Environmentally Friendly Semi-containers (EFSC) in greenhouses and fields. The design used in this research was complete randomized design with 2 factors. The results showed that water absorption was 171.04% -223.69%, with the highest value found in Ab (100% pulp + 8% glue) treatment and the lowest was in Ac treatment (100% pulp + 12% glue). Using 100% newspapers showed a stronger WSRL compared to other treatments.

Development of Reliability and Moldability on Fine Pitch Ball Grid Array by Optimizing Materials

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Aihara ◽  
Shingo Ito ◽  
Hideaki Sasajima ◽  
Ken Oota
Keyword(s):  
Ball Grid Array ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molding Compounds ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Die Attach ◽  
Bga Packages ◽  
Fine Pitch ◽  
The World ◽  
Bga Package ◽  
Materials Used

The market for BGA packages is expanding all over the world, owing to the ease of its mounting onto the PC boards. On the other hand, BGA packages possess certain shortcomings compared to QFPs. Anti-solder crack performance on Fine Pitch BGA (=FPBGA) and warpage on Mold Array Package-BGA(=MAP-BGA) are significant disadvantages. To improve the performance of BGA packages, we studied various combinations of materials used for BGA package including molding compounds, die attach pastes, and substrates.

scholarly journals Traditional and new raw materials for spirit beverage production

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Szymon Ługowoj ◽  
Maria Balcerek
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Production Industry

The ethanol production industry is a fast growing branch of the economy in many countries, and there is a rich tradition of spirit beverage production of many unique drinks such as Polish vodka and Starka or Irish and Scotch whisk(e)y, all of which have unique organoleptic features. This variety is possible thanks to different raw materials used for production such as rye, barley or corn and potatoes, as well as technological solutions developed over the generations of manufacturing. Rye deserves a closer look due to its low growth requirements and many different uses as well as its long tradition of cultivation, especially in Poland. On the other hand, manufacturers are currently interested in using new, original raw materials for the production of so-called craft alcohols. Buckwheat is an example of a raw material that can be successfully used in the production of original spirits.

scholarly journals PERAN GANDA IBU RUMAH TANGGA YANG BEKERJA SEBAGAI TUKANG AMPLAS KERAJINAN UKIR KAYU

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isna Sosan
Keyword(s):  
Dual Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Wood Carving

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis bagaimana ibu rumah tangga yang bekerja sebagai tukang amplas kerajinan ukir kayu menjalankan peranannya dalam rumah tangga dan bagaimana peran mereka dalam industri kerajinan ukir kayu di Desa Keling Kecamatan Keling Kabupaten Jepara.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat dilihat ibu-ibu tukang amplas mempunyai peran penting sebagai “penyempurna produk” dalam industri kerajinan ukir kayu. Namun disisi lain sebagai ibu rumah tangga, mereka tidak dapat melepaskan tanggung jawab sosial budaya sebagai “pengurus rumah tangga”. Dengan demikian pekerjaan mengurusi rumah, melayani suami dan anak – anak tetap mereka lakukan bersamaan dengan peran mereka sebagai pekerja tukang amplas. Peran ganda yang mereka jalani tersebut membawa dampak secara sosial mereka memiliki prestise lebih dibanding ibu yang tidak bekerja, namun disisi lain peran ganda tersebut menyebabkan para ibu rumah tangga tukang amplas tersebut menjadi terbebani baik dari segi waktu maupun tenaga mereka.The purpose of this study is to analyze the domestic burden of a housewife who worked as a wood carving craft sandpaper and the role they play in handicraft industry. The research is conducted in Keling, Jepara. The research results show that these women have important role  in wood carving handicraft industry as ”product perfector” and in their house hold as ”domestic manager”. As a housewife, they can not leave their domestic responsibilities regarded by society as their main tasks. Consequently, they have double tasks, serving her husband and children  in the house as well as performing their roles as labours. This dual role gives them more prestige than women who do not work, but on the other hand this dual role also give them double burden.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of hydration of Portland cement with synthetic nano-silica

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galyna Kotsay
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Cement Hydration ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract Application of nano-materials in cement products significantly, improves their properties. Of course, the effectiveness of the materials depends on their quantity and the way they are introduced into the system. So far, amongst nano-materials used in construction, the most preferred was nano-silica. This research investigated the effect of synthetic precipitated nano-silica on the cement hydration as well as, on the physical and mechanical properties of pastes and mortars. Obtained results showed that admixture of nano-silica enhanced flexural and compressive strength of cement after 2 and 28 days, however, only when admixture made up 0.5% and 1.0%. On the other hand, the use of nano-silica in the amount 2% had some limitations, due to its ability to agglomerate, which resulted in deterioration of the rheological and mechanical properties.

scholarly journals La Galería de las Máquinas de 1889. Reflexiones histórico-estructurales

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Estévez Cimadevila ◽  
Isaac López César
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Arch Structures ◽  
Materials Used

<p><em>The Galerie des Machines of 1889 is present in most books on the history of architecture. There are, however, certain aspects of this building that merit a more in-depth study. Other elements have been incorrectly described in current and contemporary publications about the building. The aim of this article is to examine the place this building occupies in the historical development of metal arch structures, its precedents and the influence it has exerted on later buildings of a similar structure. On the other hand, there have also been contradictions concerning the materials used in the erection of the structure and the reasons behind using them, as well as the exact span achieved. This article will unequivocally resolve these issues.</em></p>

Two Tests of All-or-none Learning and Retention

1964 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Brown
Keyword(s):  
Retention Test ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chance Level ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Stimulus Materials

A number of recent experiments have seemed to imply that the basic associations of learning are formed in an all-or-none manner. However, the evidence provided by these experiments has been essentially indirect since the presence of an association has been assessed by an all-or-none method, viz. simple recall. By allowing the subject more than one attempt at recall or recognition more direct evidence can be obtained. All-or- none learning implies that the probability of success during further attempts will be at the chance level. The experiments described show that this is not the case for the stimulus materials used. On the other hand the uncertainty in bits during further attempts was a fairly high proportion of the uncertainty expected on the all-or-none hypothesis. For this reason the results may indicate only a minor breakdown of the hypothesis. In a retention test administered after a week, fewer first-attempt successes were achieved than in the immediate test but, despite this, the uncertainty after a first- attempt failure was about the same as in the immediate test. The experiments also incorporated a second test of the all-or-none hypothesis. This involved comparing 2-choice and 4-choice recognition scores and recognition scores with recall scores. After corrections for guessing, these scores should be identical, if the hypothesis is correct. Results of this corrected-comparisons test tended to support those of the further-attempts test.

Van 1619 na 1857 en 1986: 'n Lyn van Dordt na Belhar?

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Van der Watt
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dutch Reformed ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Practical Ministry ◽  
The One

The fourth centenary celebration of the Synod of Dordrecht 1618/19, as well as the twenty fifth commemoration of the birth of the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa—both having been celebrated in 2019—naturally leads to the question of the relation between the two historical events. In the historical development leading to the formation of separate churches in the “Dutch Reformed Family of Churches,” a distinct interpretation of election based on grace alone, as decided upon by the Synod of Dordrecht, played a major role. In this historical process of the formation of separate churches the 1857 synod decision by the Dutch Reformed Church has been a watershed moment; it not only brought a separation between people around the Lord’s table, but also a division between confession on the one hand and the practical ministry embodying the confession on the other hand. The 1857 decision eventually led to the necessity of the Belhar Confession in 1986. The Belhar Confession deliberately seeks a linkage to the central Reformed doctrine of “election by grace alone.” The Dutch Reformed Church’s inability and unwillingness to accept the Belhar Confession remain a tragic reality.

A Quantitative and Network Approach to Alignment Effects in L2 Continuation Tasks

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-416
Author(s):  
Heng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Chinese Version ◽  
The Other ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
English Version ◽  
Alignment Effect ◽  
Written Production ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group Reading ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract The present study employed a quantitative and network approach to detect alignment effects in second language (L2) continuation tasks designed on the xu-argument (Wang, 2016). The materials used in this study were 6 sub-corpora consisting of two selected input stories and two groups of L2 written production based on two continuation tasks. During continuation, the participants were required to continue in English a story with its ending removed, with one group reading and continuing the Chinese version and the other group the English version, and then switching their roles in the two tasks. Results show that the alignment effect differs across the two versions of continuation. Specifically, compared with the Chinese-version continuation, L2 learners produced more use of unigrams and bigrams similar to the input story in terms of lexical items, frequency and ranking correlations in the English-version task; on the other hand, the English-version continuation can facilitate generating linguistic networks that are much closer to the native English networks. Moreover, this research corroborates that written production in L2 continuation tasks can be influenced by input content.

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