scholarly journals Investigation on the process of injection of commercial grade and blended fuel in a diesel engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
F.I Abramchuk ◽  
A.M Avramenko ◽  
A.P Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Mixing Conditions ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Injector Nozzle ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
Blended Fuel ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. A computational valuation of the parameters of the process of commercial grade and blended fuel flow in the injector nozzle of a locomotive diesel engine, and its impact on spraying conditions in the combustion chamber. Methodology. The scientific investigation is based on using the technique of a comparative numerical experiment. Modern numerical methods in computational fluid dynamics are used for simulating fuel flow and spraying processes in the injector nozzle and combustion chamber. Findings. It was found that when working with commercial grade fuel with maximum pressure in the area of the injector well of 85MPa, the fuel flow velocity in the fuel injection nozzle hole reaches 434 m/s, whereas when working with fuel blended with alcohol the velocity decreases to 429 m/s (at a 25% alcohol concentration). Due to the lower pressure of saturated vapours of the blended fuel, as compared to that of commercial grade fuel, the fuel-air mixing conditions degrade at the operating duty being investigated. Originality. The investigation helped to study the impact of blended fuel composition on changes in the processes of its flow in the injector nozzle, and on the injection into the combustion chamber and the fuel-air mixing conditions. The study results helped to develop recommendations on ensuring effective ICE operation with blended fuel. Practical value. A change in the conditions of blended fuel spraying and fuel-air mixing should be taken into account when choosing effective fuel injection advance angles and fueling principles in order to ensure high ICE economic and ecological performance.

scholarly journals Modeling a fuel injector for a two-stroke diesel engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 170 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Rafał SOCHACZEWSKI ◽  
Zbigniew CZYŻ ◽  
Ksenia SIADKOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Flow Area ◽  
Fuel Mass ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Injector Nozzle

This paper discusses the modeling of a fuel injector to be applied in a two-stroke diesel engine. A one-dimensional model of a diesel injector was modeled in the AVL Hydsim. The research assumption is that the combustion chamber will be supplied with one or two spray injectors with a defined number of nozzle holes. The diameter of the nozzle holes was calculated for the defined options to provide a correct fuel amount for idling and the maximum load. There was examined the fuel mass per injection and efficient flow area. The studies enabled us to optimize the injector nozzle, given the option of fuel injection into the combustion chamber to be followed.

Study on cyclic variation rate of fuel flow in the nozzle during fuel injection

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
Wen Hua ◽  
Zhang Xin-yu ◽  
Jiang Yu-long ◽  
Zhao Ling-yao
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Working Condition ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Cyclic Variation ◽  
Injection Nozzle ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Variation Rate ◽  
The Difference

The fuel flow pattern in the fuel injection nozzle of diesel engine is a complex and changeable phenomenon, which is easily affected by various factors, bringing the differences of flow patterns between multiple injection cycles. To solve the above problem, a visual experimental platform of fuel injection nozzle was built, in which the 100 injection cycles of diesel engine on the same working condition were photographed via shadowgraphy to study the difference in fuel flow pattern in the nozzle by ensemble average processing method. The cyclic variation rate K of fuel flow pattern is defined. Results demonstrate that the fuel flow pattern tends to be the same in multiple fuel injection cycles, but there is a strong randomness at the starting of injection and after ending of injection; the K can be reduced by decreasing the injection pressure and the inclination angle of orifice, so that the fuel flow pattern in the nozzle tends to be consistent.

Computational Study of Fuel Injection in a Large-Bore Gas Engine

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snehaunshu Chowdhury ◽  
Razi Nalim ◽  
Thomas M. Sine
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
Instantaneous Pressure ◽  
Combustion Processes ◽  
High Pressure Injection ◽  
Piston Position

Emission controls in stationary gas engines have required significant modifications to the fuel injection and combustion processes. One approach has been the use of high-pressure fuel injection to improve fuel-air mixing. The objective of this study is to simulate numerically the injection of gaseous fuel at high pressure in a large-bore two-stroke engine. Existing combustion chamber geometry is modeled together with proposed valve geometry. The StarCD® fluid dynamics code is used for the simulations, using appropriate turbulence models. High-pressure injection of up to 500 psig methane into cylinder air initially at 25 psig is simulated with the valve opened instantaneously and piston position frozen at the 60 degrees ABDC position. Fuel flow rate across the valve throat varies with the instantaneous pressure but attains a steady state in approximately 22 ms. As expected with the throat shape and pressures, the flow becomes supersonic past the choked valve gap, but returns to a subsonic state upon deflection by a shroud that successfully directs the flow more centrally. This indicates the need for careful shroud design to direct the flow without significant deceleration. Pressures below 300 psig were not effective with the proposed valve geometry. A persistent re-circulation zone is observed immediately below the valve, where it does not help promote mixing.

Scaling liquid penetration in evaporating sprays for different size diesel engines

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1662-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyi Zhou ◽  
Tie Li ◽  
Yijie Wei ◽  
Ning Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Liquid Penetration ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Penetration Length ◽  
Air Mixing

Scaled model experiments can greatly reduce the cost, time and energy consumption in diesel engine development, and the similarity of spray characteristics has a primary effect on the overall scaling results of engine performance and pollutant emissions. However, although so far the similarity of spray characteristics under the non-evaporating condition has been studied to some extent, researches on scaling the evaporating sprays are still absent. The maximum liquid penetration length has a close relationship with the spray evaporation processes and is a key parameter in the design of diesel engine spray combustion system. In this article, the similarity of maximum liquid penetration length is theoretically derived based on the hypotheses that the spray evaporation processes in modern high-pressure common rail diesel engines are fuel–air mixing controlled and local interphase transport controlled, respectively. After verifying that the fuel injection rates are perfectly scaled, the similarity of maximum liquid penetration length in evaporating sprays is studied for three scaling laws using two nozzles with hole diameter of 0.11 and 0.14 mm through the high-speed diffused back-illumination method. Under the test conditions of different fuel injection pressures, ambient temperatures and densities, the lift-off law and speed law lead to a slightly increased maximum liquid penetration length, while the pressure law can well scale the maximum liquid penetration length. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical analyses based on the hypothesis that the spray evaporation processes are fuel–air mixing controlled, indicating that the local interphase transports of energy, momentum and mass on droplet surface are not rate-controlled steps with respect to spray evaporation processes.

Paper 2: Similarity Considerations in Assessing Diesel Engine Fuel Spray Requirements

1965 ◽  
Vol 180 (14) ◽  
pp. 10-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Theoretical Expression ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
Dimensionless Variables ◽  
Mixing Problem

A simplified dimensional analysis has been made of the fuel-air mixing problem in diesel engines. The dimensionless variables describing the mixing pattern have been expressed in terms of the dimensionless variables describing the engine and fuel injection conditions by means of explicit equations with numerical values for the constants. A wide range of such equations has been derived and tables of numerical values are given as examples, together with examples of engine air motion calculations for comparison. A theoretical expression for fuel-spray penetration into a cross-wind has been compared with a few experimental results. Engine smoke and specific consumption measurements have been plotted against the appropriate dimensionless variables in two instances. In both instances the response of the engine to the variables is quite different. It is believed that the wide range of methods of engine performance data analysis outlined in this paper will make a significant contribution to progress in understanding diesel engine combustion.

scholarly journals RESEARCH ON THE PROCESS OF BIOFUEL INJECTION / BIODEGALŲ IŠPURŠKIMO PROCESO TYRIMAS

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-385
Author(s):  
Birutė Skukauskaitė ◽  
Tomas Mickevičius
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Chamber Volume ◽  
Air Density ◽  
Engine Combustion

The purpose of this research was to examine penetration peculiarities of rapeseed oil injected into the combustion chamber of a diesel engine. For conducting tests, a stand imitating conditions (air density) for the engine combustion chamber was designed. The analysis of pictures obtained using a fast recording camera determined fuel injection into the chamber volume and calculated the velocity of spray head. It was established that fuel spray of injected rapeseed oil proceeds deeper into the combustion chamber than that of mineral diesel fuel. The parameters of fuel spray are mainly influenced by injection pressure rather than by the density of compressed gases. Santrauka Šio darbo tikslas buvo ištirti į dyzelinio variklio degimo kamerą įpurškiamos rapsų aliejaus čiurkšlės kitimo ypatumus, lyginant su mineraliniu dyzelinu. Tyrimams sukonstruotas stendas, kuriame buvo imituojamos sąlygos (oro tankis), esančios variklio degimo kameroje. Analizuojant spartaus filmavimo vaizdo kamera gautus vaizdus, buvo išmatuotas degalų čiurkšlės įsiskverbimo į degimo kamerą dydis, apskaičiuotas čiurkšlės fronto judėjimo greitis. Nustatyta, kad įpurškiamo rapsų aliejaus čiurkšlė į degimo kamerą įsiskverbia giliau, negu mineralinio dyzelino čiurkšlė. Įpurškiamų degalų čiurkšlės parametrams didesnės įtakos turi įpurškimo slėgis nei aplinkos dujų tankis.

scholarly journals Injection and Combustion of RME with Water Emulsions in a Diesel Engine

10.14311/1169 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cisek
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Water Fraction

This paper presents ways of using the fully-digitised triggerable AVL VideoScope 513D video system for analysing the injection and combustion inside a diesel engine cylinder fuelled by RME with water emulsions.The research objects were: standard diesel fuel, rapeseed methyl ester (RME) and RME – water emulsions. With the aid of a helical flow reactor, stable emulsions with the water fraction up to 30 % weight were obtained, using an additive to prevent the water from separating out of the emulsion.An investigation was made of the effect of the emulsions on exhaust gas emissions (NOX, CO and HC), particulate matter emissions, smoke and the fuel consumption of a one-cylinder HD diesel engine with direct injection. Additionally, the maximum cylinder pressure rise was calculated from the indicator diagram. The test engine was operated at a constant speed of 1 600 rpm and 4 bar BMEP load conditions. The fuel injection and combustion processes were observed and analysed using endoscopes and a digital camera. The temperature distribution in the combustion chamber was analysed quantitatively using the two-colour method. The injection and combustion phenomena were described and compared.A way to reduce NOX formation in the combustion chamber of diesel engines by adding water in the combustion zone was presented. Evaporating water efficiently lowers the peak flame temperature and the temperature in the post-flame zone. For diesel engines, there is an exponential relationship between NOX emissions and peak combustion temperatures. The energy needed to vaporize the water results in lower peak temperatures of the combusted gases, with a consequent reduction in nitrogen oxide formation. The experimental results show up to 50 % NOX emission reduction with the use of 30% water in an RME emulsion, with unchanged engine performance.

An Instrument for Measuring Orifice-Specific Fuel-Injection Rate From a Multi-Orifice Nozzle

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason G. Kempenaar ◽  
Charles J. Mueller ◽  
Kim A. Shollenberger ◽  
Krishna Lakshminarasimhan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Geometric Constraints ◽  
Thermal Shield ◽  
Injector Nozzle ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Transducer Output ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Fuel Injection Rate

Understanding fuel-injection processes is important for improving combustion in compression-ignition engines. To understand and model injection processes in detail, it is necessary to measure the instantaneous mass flow rate of fuel through each orifice of the injector nozzle. Due to constraints from injector design and operation, injection rate is typically measured downstream from the orifice exit. Measuring injection rate from a multi-orifice nozzle adds several geometric constraints, particularly when measuring fuel flow from a single orifice. The injection ratemeter discussed in this paper is designed to fit inside an optical research engine so that the injection rate can be measured without having to place the injector in an external fixture. The injection rate is calculated from a measurement of the momentum flux of a jet of fuel impinging upon the surface of a piezoelectric force (or pressure) transducer, combined with a measurement of the quantity of fuel injected, as demonstrated previously [1–3]. The ratemeter includes a thermal shield to limit the effects of temperature fluctuations on the transducer output. Data were acquired for one injector nozzle at several different injection durations and compared to results from literature for similar injector designs. Estimates for the uncertainty of the measured injection rates are provided and the calibration technique used is presented.

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