scholarly journals Bacterial Etiology and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Community Acquired Pneumonia in Diabetic Patients: Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Jamal Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Delwar Hossain ◽  
Muhammad Abdur Rahim ◽  
Farhana Afroz ◽  
AKM Musa
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Sputum Culture ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Pseudomonas Species

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an immunosuppressive condition and uncontrolled diabetes is associated with increased susceptibility to various infections like pneumonia. Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in diabetic patients is often caused by more virulent or atypical organisms and associated with increased resistance to conventional antibiotics. The aims of this study were to identify the bacterial etiology of CAP in patients with DM and to see their antibiotic sensitivity pattern.Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational study conducted in the Department of Internal Medicine & Pulmonology of BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2013 to December 2015. A total of 120 hospitalized diabetic patients diagnosed with CAP and with a positive sputum culture growth of any bacteria were included in the study.Results: Majority (67%) of the patients were male. Mean age of the patients was - 55.69 ±10.5 years. Mean duration of diabetes was - 7.35 ±1.3 years. Mean HbA1c was - 8.6 ±1.89%. Sputum for culture showed that out of 120 (100%) patients, Klebsiella pneumoniae was detected in 53 (44.2%) patients, Staphylococcus aureus in 18 (15.0%), Pseudomonas species in 16 (13.3%) patients, Acinetobacter in 10 (8.3%), Escherichia coli in 9 (7.5%) patients and 14 (11.7%) patients had growth of other organisms. Sensitivity pattern of different bacterial growth in sputum to commonly used antibiotics like ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, amikacin and imipenem were as follows – Klebsiella (19%, 47%, 74%, 96% respectively), Staph aureus (11%, 33%, 78%, 67% respectively), Pseudomonas (19%, 75%, 81%, 88% respectively), Acinetobacter (0%, 0%, 20%, 50% respectively), E. coli (22%, 22%, 100%, 100% respectively). All (100%) of the Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter were sensitive to colistin. Most of the growth of all the bacteria (Klebsiella 94%, Staphylococcus 78%, Pseudomonas 81%, Acinetobacter 100%, E. coli 100%) occurred in patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1c ? 7.0%).Conclusion: This study results suggest that CAP in diabetic patients are more frequently due to Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas species and mostly they are less sensitive to commonly used antibiotics like ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin. So, whenever possible, treatment of CAP should be guided by sputum culture and sensitivity test and for empirical treatment of CAP in diabetic patients, alternative antibiotics like imipenem and amikacin should be considered.Birdem Med J 2017; 7(2): 101-105

scholarly journals Clinico-microbial profile in chronic suppurative otitis media and its management in tertiary care centre

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Rashmi Ramashesh ◽  
Samira Abdul Wajid ◽  
Smitha Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Pseudomonas Species

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is an ever growing concern of preventable hearing loss and is a major health concern especially in tropical countries. Lack of cleanliness, overcrowding, poverty, malnutrition and medical ignorance are few of the contributing factors. The microbiological flora is constantly changing due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics with rapid change in the antibiotic sensitivity patterns. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine the epidemiological profile, bacteriological profile and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern which would help in establishing a protocol in management of CSOM patients in the hospital.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 100 patients of CSOM attending the ENT Outpatient Department of The Oxford medical College, Hospital and Research Centre were included in the study. The samples were immediately sent to the Microbiology laboratory for further processing according to standard procedure.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 100 cases, 74 were active mucosal type and 26 were active squamous, with Pseudomonas species (33.6%) being the predominant organism. <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> was the next common organism with MSSA (16.3%) and MRSA (12.5%), CONS were 6.7%. Among the 28 gram-negative bacilli, <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (7.7%), was followed by <em>Escherichia coli</em> (5.7%), and <em>Proteus mirabilis</em> (4.8%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Pseudomonas species and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> are the commonest organisms of CSOM. Ciprofloxacin can be used as a topical agent for treating gram-negative bacilli. Among systemic antibiotics- Linezolid, Amikacin and Imepenam remains the drug of choice.</p><p><br /><br /></p>

scholarly journals Development of Antibiogram for Secondary Health care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 974-980
Author(s):  
Anand Vijayakumar PR ◽  
Lalramengmawii ◽  
Lalduhawmi TC ◽  
Manisha S ◽  
Shekhar S Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Secondary Health Care ◽  
Infectious Microorganism ◽  
A Prospective Study

Antibiotics resistance is an emerging problem in the management for infectious diseases. Patients are many a time prescribed with antibiotics without knowing that particular antibiotic sensitivity pattern with respect to the infectious microorganism. This study aims to detect the type of microbes causing certain infections in the hospital and also to detect the sensitivity pattern of the antibiotics to these microbes. We conducted a prospective study for six months on the neonates who were admitted in NICU. The blood samples were collected from these neonates before the administration of antibiotics. The swab samples were also collected from various places of this hospital to detect the types of microorganisms present in the hospital and to study the sensitivity of the antibiotics toward these microbes. The antibiotics used in this study were Gentamicin, Ampicillin, Cefotaxime, Amikacin, Piperacillin, Meropenam, and Vancomycin. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae were found to be the most common pathogens implicated in neonate's infection. All the organisms showed absolute sensitivity mostly to Ampicillin, Gentamicin, and Piperacillin and resistant to Cefotaxime, Amikacin, and Vancomycin. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus infleunzae, Kleibseilla pneumoniae, Escherichia coli were the most common microorganism found in the swab samples collected from the hospital. Most of these microorganisms shows sensitivity towards Ampicillin, Gentamicin, and Meropenam but were resistance to Cefotaxime, Amikacin, and Vancomycin. A routine bacterial surveillance of prevalent organisms and the study of the sensitivity patterns of the pathogens responsible for neonatal infection should be made an essential component for neonatal care. This information from many parts of the country will be important in policymaking on antimicrobial use not only locally but also internationally.

scholarly journals Common Pathogens and Their Resistance to Antimicrobials in Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP): A Single Center Study in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 5144-5153
Author(s):  
Abu Kausar Mohammad ◽  
Morshed Nasir ◽  
Sujat Paul ◽  
Habibur Rahman ◽  
Kalam Abul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Sputum Culture ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Pneumonia is a worldwide, serious threat to health and an enormous socio-economic burden for health care system. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with a significant mortality and morbidity. Knowledge of predominant microbial patterns in CAP constitutes the basis for initial decisions about empirical antimicrobial treatment. The aim of this study was to identify the bacterial etiology of CAP in adult hospitalized patients and to see their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. It was a hospital based cross sectional observational study on 87 hospitalized patients diagnosed with CAP admitted in Medicine department of Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH). Sputum for Gram staining, Z N staining, culture sensitivity, blood culture and sensitivity and PCR for Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumonia and Streptococcus pneumonia were done. Patients were followed up for in-hospital outcome and 30-day mortality. The mean (±SD) age was 49.59±16.97 years and male female ratio was 1.56:1. Sputum culture, blood culture and PCR were positive in 60.9%, 1.1% and 4.6% of the samples respectively. Klebsiella pneumoniae was identified in the sputum culture of the majority of the patients (39.1%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.3%), Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (5.7%). The only one sample which was positive in blood culture and it was Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococcus pneumoniae was identified in all the 4 PCR positive cases. The highly sensitive drugs were meropenem, levofloxacin and amikacin. In hospital mortality and 30-day mortality was 6.9% and 16.1% respectively. Gram-negative bacteria pre-dominate in the bacteriologic profile of CAP using conventional sputum and blood culture. There is need for further conventional serologic tests for atypical and viral pathogens in all patients admitted with CAP.

scholarly journals Increasing incidence of Gram-negative organisms in bacterial agents isolated from diabetic foot ulcers

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vedat Turhan ◽  
Mesut Mutluoglu ◽  
Ali Acar ◽  
Mustafa Hatipoglu ◽  
Yalcın Onem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Diabetic Foot Infections ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

Introduction: In the present study, we sought to identify the bacterial organisms associated with diabetic foot infections (DFIs) and their antibiotic sensitivity profiles. Methodology: We retrospectively reviewed the records of wound cultures collected from diabetic patients with foot infections between May 2005 and July 2010. Results: We identified a total of 298 culture specimens (165 [55%] wound swab, 108 [36%] tissue samples, and 25 [9%] bone samples) from 107 patients (74 [69%] males and 33 [31%] females, mean age 62 ± 13 yr) with a DFI. Among all cultures 83.5% (223/267) were monomicrobial and 16.4% (44/267) were polymicrobial. Gram-negative bacterial isolates (n = 191; 61.3%) significantly outnumbered Gram-positive isolates (n = 121; 38.7%). The most frequently isolated bacteria were Pseudomonas species (29.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (16.7%), Enterococcus species (11.5%), Escherichia coli (7.1%), and Enterobacter species (7.1%), respectively. While 13.2% of the Gram-negative isolates were inducible beta-lactamase positive, 44.2% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were methicillin resistant. Conclusions: Our results support the recent view that Gram-negative organisms, depending on the geographical location, may predominate in DFIs.

scholarly journals Incidence and sensitivity pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a tertiary care hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Anubhuti Khare ◽  
Saroj Kothari ◽  
Vaibhav Misra
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a serious problem worldwide and differs from region to region. This study was planned to determine the incidence and sensitivity pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in our region and discuss the general issues related to antimicrobial resistance.Methods: Prospective study was carried out between March to October 2015. Samples of urine, blood, pus, CSF and miscellaneous samples (fluids, swabs, sputum and stool) were collected from indoor and outdoor patients for isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of K. pneumoniae, E. coli and P. aeruginosa in the Department of Microbiology G.R. Medical College, Gwalior (MP).Results: Out of the 5000 samples analyzed 1684 showed growth. K. pneumoniae (38.50%), E. coli (33.29%) and P. aeruginosa (28.19%) constituited a total of 805 isolates. Both E.coli and K. pneumoniae showed highest sensitivity for doxycycline (75%; 67% resp.) and second highest for levofloxacin (70%; 64% resp.), whereas, P. aeruginosa showed highest 57% sensitivity for amikacin followed by 48% for levofloxacin. β-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides showed high mean resistance (K.pneumoniae-83%, E.coli-79%, P. aeruginosa-86.4%) and (K. pneumoniae-75%, E. coli-61%, P. aeruginosa-70%) resp.Conclusions: The data indicates high resistance among the gram-negative bacteria for β-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Increasing resistance to doxycycline and flouroquinolones for K. pneumoniae and E. coli and multidrug resistance to P. aeruginosa is a cause of concern in this region. Thus, there is a need to stop misuse of antibiotics with immediate effect and to implement a strong antimicrobial stewardship program.

scholarly journals Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of pathogens in children with urinary tract infection in a tertiary care hospital in Kachchh, Gujarat, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2103
Author(s):  
Rekha Thaddanee ◽  
Gurudas Khilnani ◽  
Nupur Shah ◽  
Ajeet Kumar Khilnani
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Kachchh, over a period of 6 months, to know the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of pathogens in children less than 18 years old with Urinary Tract Infection (UTI).Methods: Between December 2016 to June 2017, 186 children met the inclusion criterion. Urine samples were collected and processed for urine routine microscopy, culture and antibiotic sensitivity as per the standard laboratory guidelines. Urine culture was positive in 50 cases, which were further evaluated to find out any renal disease. All patients were given 10-14 days antibiotics course and follow-up urine reports were done. Patients were considered cured when the follow-up urine reports were normal.Results: E. coli was the commonest organism (34%) isolated, found mainly in 1-5 years age group (20%). Enterococci were isolated in 32% cases, most of which were less than 5 years of age (28%). Klebsiella (12%), Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) (10%), Coagulase negative staphylococci (6%), Pseudomonas (2%) and Budding yeast cell (4%) were the less frequent organisms isolated. E. coli were found to be less sensitive to different Aminoglycosides (11.7% - 23.5%), Cephalosporins (11.7% - 52.9%), Fluoroquinolones (5.8% - 11.7%), Co-trimoxazole (17.6%) and Piperacillin (17.6%), but were more sensitive (70.6%) to Imipenems. Enterococci were also partially sensitive to Aminoglycosides (6.2-18.7%), Cephalosporins (25-37.5.7%), Fluoroquinolones (6.25-12.5%), Penicillin-G (50%), Piperacillin (31.25%) and Co-trimoxazole (43.75%), but had good sensitivity for Imipenems (68.7%), Linezolid (75%) and Vancomycin (81.2%). Similarly, MRSA was 100% sensitive to Linezolid and Imipenem but partially sensitive (20-60%) to other antibiotics. Klebsiella showed 16.65-33.3% sensitivity to all antibiotics except Imipenem (83.3%) and was 100% resistant to Co-trimoxazole. Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CONS) remained 100% sensitive to all antibiotics and Pseudomonas was resistant to all antibiotics.Conclusions: The study concludes that pathogens for UTI in children have developed resistance, even to the newer generation antibiotics, probably due to the irrational use of antibiotics. In view of emergence of multi drug resistant pathogens, which carry considerable morbidity and mortality, every effort must be taken to use antibiotics judiciously.

Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Bacterial Isolates from Different Clinical Specimens: Experience at NICVD, Dhaka

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Shahidullah ◽  
MA Yusuf ◽  
Z Khatun ◽  
UKMN Ara ◽  
MT Mitul
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Medical Wards ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Background: Infectious diseases are among the leading causes of death and sometimes curable.  Bacteria are the most common etiology in hospitalized patients. The objective of this study was to  evaluate the incidence of bacterial infections and their pattern of susceptibility to antibiotics in  moderate and severe infections in patients admitted at NICVD hospital.Methodology: The study was performed in the apical teaching hospital of Bangladesh situated at  Dhaka in the first half of 2012. Patients admitted in medical wards and medical ICU, suffering from  moderate and severe infections were studied. Clinical evaluation, routine and specific investigations  were done in each case. Microbiological samplings were tried on day 1, after completion of antibiotic  therapy or in between as required. Aerobic bacterial culture and sensitivity tests were done.  Result: A total of 274 cases were studied of which male (67.5%) were predominant than female  (32.5%). The highest number of patients were in the age group of 30-60 years (53.6%) followed by 10-  30 years (24.5%) and more than 60 years (12.8%). The mean age with standard deviation was  39.15±19.07 years (range 1-90 years). Most common isolated bacteria was the Pseudomonas species  (14.2%) followed by Escherichia coli (13.5%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (6.9%) and Staphylococcus  aureus (2.2%). From these specimens Pseudomonas species (31.5%) was isolated mostly from pus. E.  coli was found most commonly in pus (16.3%) and urine (14.1%). Staph saprophyticus (13.0%) and  Staphylococcus aureus (4.3%) were both found most commonly in pus. Pseudomonas species was  100% resistant to Penicillin, Amoxycillin and Vancomycin. It was found that Pseudomonas species  was still more than 90% sensitive only to Imipenem. Escherichia coli was more than 80% sensitive to  only Imipenem and Amikacin. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to only Imipenem and Cephalexin.  Conclusion: In this study Pseudomonas species and Escherichia coli are the most common isolated  bacteria in this Institution. Most of the antibiotics are resistant to these two bacteria. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v5i1.12276 Cardiovasc. j. 2012; 5(1): 67-72

scholarly journals Prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 078-081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa Arora ◽  
Pushpa Devi ◽  
Usha Arora ◽  
Bimla Devi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

ABSTRACT Aim: The emergence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has posed a serious therapeutic challenge. We report the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of MRSA in the hospitals attached to GMC, Amritsar, Punjab. Materials and Methods: The study comprised of 250 coagulase-positive staphylococci (COPS) isolated from a total of 6743 clinical specimens (like pus, blood, urine, high vaginal swab, sputum, etc.) of patients admitted in hospitals attached to Government Medical College, Amritsar from January 2008−February 2009. Routine antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed and interpreted as per standard guidelines. Methicillin resistance was detected using oxacillin and cefoxitin disc diffusion method, oxacillin screen agar method, and minimum inhibitory concentration using broth macrodilution method. Results: A total of 115 (46%) strains were found to be methicillin resistant. Multidrug resistance was observed in 73% MRSA strains. However, no strain was resistant to vancomycin. Conclusion: Regular surveillance of hospital-associated infection and monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity pattern is required to reduce MRSA prevalence.

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