scholarly journals Soil nutrient evolution under different vegetation types in semiarid loess area

2021 ◽  
pp. 969-976
Author(s):  
Lirong He ◽  
Yuhu Luo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

The soil nutrient characteristics under three vegetation types of arbor ( I ), shrub ( II ) and herb ( III ) were studied by mathematical statistics method combined with field investigation and indoor detection analysis. The change characteristics of soil nutrients under different land use patterns were discussed. The results showed that the average contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were 21.30 and 0.65 g/kg, 3.67 and 67.61 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with grassland, woodland has better effect on fertilizer conservation in the Loess Plateau. In the process of soil nutrient improvement, the nutrient indexes such as organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased synchronously, and the soil alkaline environment that was not conducive to plant growth was also gradually improved. In the correlation between soil nutrients, available phosphorus and available potassium have good relative independence. In the future, organic fertilizer should be applied in this area, and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers should be supplemented to improve soil organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus content, and to ensure soil nutrient balance by optimizing fertilization methods. In addition, in the case of uneven distribution of soil nutrients in the soil profile, it is recommended to take appropriate soil ploughing and reasonable human management measures to improve soil nutrient status, achieve high-quality sustainable development of soil, and promote the positive succession of vegetation communities. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 969-976, 2021 (September) Special

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SOIL NUTRIENT STATUS IN APPLE ORCHARDS LOCATED IN DIFFERENT ALTITUDES IN KALIKOT DISTRICT, NEPAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
Dhruba Baral ◽  
Anup Paudel ◽  
Himal Acharya ◽  
Madhav Prasad Neupane
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Poor Soil

This study was conducted to assess the fertility status of different altitude of apple orchard and their effect upon soil nutrients and to study the relationship between different altitude and their availability. Seven different orchards located in 2800, 2700 2600, 2500, 2400, 2300 and 2200 at Apple Zone, Raskot, Kalikot were selected as treatments. They were replicated three times in Randomized Complete Block Design. Composite soil samples were collected in each study site from 0-3 ft soil depth in ‘W’ pattern from each plot. Analyses of soil samples were done in regional soil testing laboratory, Surkhet for chemical properties. There was a significant effect (p<0.05) of altitude on soil macronutrients except available potassium level. Maximum amounts of soil organic matter, acidic and soil rich in nitrogen and phosphorus were found in 2800 masl whereas more basic soil , poor soil organic matter and soil poor in nitrogen and phosphorus were found in 2200 masl. Result showed that in altitude of 2200 masl has poor soil nutrients compared to apple orchards in higher altitude. Kalikot is the top producer of apple in Nepal. This assessment will helps apple growers for adopting better nutrient management plan in their orchards according to the altitude in the district. Further, it is recommended to conduct soil nutrient assessments for all other apple growing regions in the country.

scholarly journals Assessment of Potato Farmland Soil Nutrient Based on MDS-SQI Model in the Loess Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3957
Author(s):  
Yingying Xing ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Xiaoli Niu ◽  
Wenting Jiang ◽  
Xiukang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Farmland Soil

Soil nutrients are essential nutrients provided by soil for plant growth. Most researchers focus on the coupling effect of nutrients with potato yield and quality. There are few studies on the evaluation of soil nutrients in potato fields. The purpose of this study is to investigate the soil nutrients of potato farmland and the soil vertical nutrient distributions, and then to provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the fertilizer management practices for potatoes in Loess Plateau. Eight physical and chemical soil indexes were selected in the study area, and 810 farmland soil samples from the potato agriculture product areas were analyzed in Northern Shaanxi. The paper established the minimum data set (MDS) for the quality diagnosis of the cultivated layer for farmland by principal component analysis (PCA), respectively, and furthermore, analyzed the soil nutrient characteristics of the cultivated layer adopted soil quality index (SQI). The results showed that the MDS on soil quality diagnosis of the cultivated layer for farmland soil included such indicators as the soil organic matter content, soil available potassium content, and soil available phosphorus content. The comprehensive index value of the soil quality was between 0.064 and 0.302. The SPSS average clustering process used to classify SQI was divided into three grades: class I (36.2%) was defined as suitable soil fertility (SQI < 0.122), class II (55.6%) was defined as moderate soil fertility (0.122 < SQI < 0.18), and class III (8.2%) was defined as poor soil fertility (SQI > 0.186). The comprehensive quality of the potato farmland soils was generally low. The proportion of soil nutrients in the SQI composition ranged from large to small as the soil available potassium content = soil available phosphorus content > soil organic matter content, which became the limiting factor of the soil organic matter content in this area. This study revolves around the 0 to 60 cm soil layer; the soil fertility decreased gradually with the soil depth, and had significant differences between the respective soil layers. In order to improve the soil nutrient accumulation and potato yield in potato farmland in northern Shaanxi, it is suggested to increase the fertilization depth (20 to 40 cm) and further study the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer.

Effects of shifting and continuous cultivation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) intercropped with maize (Zea mays) on a forest alfisol in south-western Nigeria

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Aweto ◽  
O. Obe ◽  
O. O. Ayanniyi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sodium Cation ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Forest Soil Organic Matter

SUMMARYSoils in farmlands near Ibadan, Nigeria, where shifting or continuous cultivation of cassava intercropped with maize is practised, were sampled in February 1990 and their characteristics compared with those of similar, uncultivated, forest soil. Organic matter, total nitrogen, exchangeable calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium, cation exchange capacity and pH were lower in the cultivated soils. Continuous cultivation exerted a greater effect on soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus status then did shifting cultivation. It is suggested that inorganic and organic fertilizers and mulch should be applied to cultivated soil to conserve the soil nutrients. Fallows of 3–6 years following 1–3 years of cropping appeared incapable alone of adequately restoring soil fertility. They should, therefore, be supplemented with fertilizer applications.

scholarly journals Soil pH and Nutrient Characteristics of Newly-added Cultivated Land in Heyang, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Gang Li ◽  
Ruiqing Zhang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Nan Lu ◽  
Yang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Soil Available Phosphorus

In order to understand the soil pH and main nutrient characteristics of newly added cultivated land in the eastern part of Guanzhong, and 160 soil samples were collected in 2016, the soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in Heyang County were studied The suitability distribution of the indicators, using stepwise regression and path analysis methods, analyzes the direct relationship between soil pH and soil nutrients, and provides a theoretical basis for improving the newly added cultivated land. The results showed that the soil pH in Heyang County varied from 8.42 to 9.67, the soil organic matter content varied from 3.46 to 17.93 g/kg, the soil total nitrogen content varied from 0.13 to 5.61 g/kg, and the soil available phosphorus changed The range is 1.73 ~ 63.06 mg/kg, and the soil available potassium range is 46.50 ~ 523.74. The newly added soil has a certain nutrient basis, but it should be further adjusted and improved during the cultivation process. The direct positive effect on soil pH value is mainly soil organic matter, and the direct negative effect is mainly soil available phosphorus. By adjusting the organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil, the pH value of the soil can be effectively improved, so that the newly cultivated soil is suitable for the growth of local crops.

Soil Nutrient Variation in Greenhouse Soil from Haicheng Municipality, Liaoning Province

2014 ◽  
Vol 707 ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Xiao Yun Chen ◽  
Jing Han
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Greenhouse Soil ◽  
Curve Change

Soil nutrient in greenhouse soil was studied in Haicheng Municipality, Liaoning province. Results showed that the soil nutrient including organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium presented parabolic curve change with increasing cultivating years. The highest contents all appeared in 8 years, which are 3.2 and 2.8 times higher than those in open field at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depth, respectively. The vertex of nitrate and soluble salt were also appeared in 8 years. Correlation analysis suggested the relationships among nutrients were very significant. It is also suggested the salinization of soil was the inevitable result of the excessive organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.

scholarly journals Evaluating Calibration and Spectral Variable Selection Methods for Predicting Three Soil Nutrients Using Vis-NIR Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4000
Author(s):  
Peng Guo ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Han Gao ◽  
Xiuwan Chen ◽  
Yifeng Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Variable Selection ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Soil Nutrient Content

Soil nutrients, including soil available potassium (SAK), soil available phosphorous (SAP), and soil organic matter (SOM), play an important role in farmland soil productivity, food security, and agricultural management. Spectroscopic analysis has proven to be a rapid, nondestructive, and effective technique for predicting soil properties in general and potassium, phosphorous, and organic matter in particular. However, the successful estimation of soil nutrient content by visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) reflectance spectroscopy depends on proper calibration methods (including preprocessing transformation methods and multivariate methods for regression analysis) and the selection of appropriate variable selection techniques. In this study, raw spectrum and 13 preprocessing transformations combined with 2 variable selection methods (competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and the successive projections algorithm (SPA)) and 2 regression algorithms (support vector machine (SVM) and partial least squares regression (PLSR)), for a total of 56 calibration methods, were investigated for modeling and predicting the above three soil nutrients using hyperspectral Vis-NIR data (400–2450 nm). The results show that first-order derivatives based on logarithmic and inverse transformations (FD-LGRs) can provide better predictions of soil available potassium and phosphorous, and the best form of soil organic matter transformation is SG+MSC. CARS was superior to the SPA in selecting effective variables, and the PLSR model outperformed the SVM models. The best estimation accuracies (R2, RMSE) for soil available potassium, phosphorous, and organic matter were 0.7532, 32.3090 mg/kg; 0.7440, 6.6910 mg/kg; and 0.9009, 3.2103 g/kg, respectively, and their corresponding calibration methods were (FD-LGR)/SPA/PLSR, (FD-LGR)/SPA/PLSR, and SG+MSC/CARS/SVM, respectively. Overall, for the prediction of the soil nutrient content, organic matter was superior to available phosphorous, followed by available potassium. It was concluded that the application of hyperspectral images (Vis-NIR data) was an efficient method for mapping and monitoring soil nutrients at the regional scale, thus contributing to the development of precision agriculture.

scholarly journals Effects of perlite, grass charcoal and vermiculite on root growth of isatis (Isatis tinctoria L. Woad) and soil nutrient migration

2021 ◽  
pp. 947-954
Author(s):  
Yan Xu ◽  
Zhen Guo ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Haiou Zhang ◽  
Yangjie Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Isatis Tinctoria ◽  
Growth Indicators

Effects of perlite, vermiculite, and grass charcoal on root growth of Isatis and soil nutrients migration were studied, and the plant growth indicators and some soil properties of upper (0~5cm) and lower layer (5~15cm) were analyzed. The experiment treatments were loess (CK), loess : perlite = 3 : 1(A), loess : grass charcoal = 3 : 1(B), loess : vermiculite = 3 : 1(C), loess: perlite: grass charcoal = 6 : 1 : 1(A1), loess: perlite: vermiculite = 6 : 1 : 1(B1), loess: grass charcoal: vermiculite = 6 : 1 : 1(C1). The results showed that soil pH of vermiculite-containing treatments in the upper layer and grass charcoal treatment in the lower layer decreased significantly. Before planting, the available potassium and phosphorus of the upper layer were significantly higher than those of the lower layer, and soil organic matter (SOM) was slightly higher than that of the lower layer. After planting, the decrease of available potassium in the upper layer was less than that of the lower layer, and the decrease of available phosphorus and increase of SOM in the upper layer were slightly higher than that of the lower layer. In sum, it is preferred to choose B (loess : grass charcoal = 3 : 1) and A1 (loess: perlite: grass charcoal = 6 : 1 : 1) to improve the soil nutrient and utilization efficiency. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 947-954, 2021 (September) Special

Spatial Patterns and Drivers of Soil Chemical Properties in a Typical Hickory Plantation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjiao Sun ◽  
Enqing Hou ◽  
Jiasen Wu ◽  
Jianqin Huang ◽  
Xingzhao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature

Abstract Background: Soil nutrients play critical roles in regulating and improving the sustainable development of economic forests. Consequently, an elucidation of the spatial patterns and drivers of soil nutrients in these forests is fundamental to their management. For this study, we collected 314 composite soils at a 0-30 cm depth from a typical hickory plantation in Lin 'an, Zhejiang Province, China. We determined the concentrations of macronutrients (i.e., soil organic carbon, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium) and micronutrients (i.e., iron, manganese, zinc, and copper.) of the soils. We employed random forest analysis to quantify the relative importance of soil-forming factors to predict the soil nutrient concentrations, which could then be extrapolated to the entire hickory region. Results: Random forest models explained 61%–88% of the variations in soil nutrient concentrations. The mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation were the most important predictor of soil macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations. Moreover, parent material was another key predictor of soil available phosphorus and micronutrient concentrations. Mapping results demonstrated the importance of climate in controlling the spatial distribution of soil nutrient concentrations at finer scales, as well as the effect of parent material, topography, stand structure, and management measures of hickory plantations. Conclusions: Our study highlights the biotic factors, abiotic factors, and management factors control over soil macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations, which have significant implications for the sustainability of soil nutrients in forest plantations.

The effect of riparian restoration on channel complexity and soil nutrients

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2041 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Patrick Laceby ◽  
Nina E. Saxton ◽  
Kate Smolders ◽  
Justine Kemp ◽  
Stephen J. Faggotter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Channel Width ◽  
Riparian Restoration ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Elemental Geochemistry ◽  
Channel Complexity

Restoration of riparian vegetation may reduce nutrient and sediment contamination of waterways while potentially enhancing stream channel complexity. Accordingly, the present study used a paired-site approach to investigate the effects of mature regrowth riparian vegetation on river channel morphology and soil nutrients (i.e. nitrogen and phosphorus), comparing four sites of degraded (pasture) and reforested reaches. A revised rapid assessment of riparian condition (RARC) was used to validate the site pairings. Riparian soil nutrient and elemental geochemistry were compared between paired sites, along with two parameters of channel width complexity and two for channel slope complexity. The RARC analysis confirmed the validity of the paired site design. The elemental geochemistry results indicated that underlying geology may affect the paired site analyses. Reaches with mature regrowth vegetation had greater channel width complexity but no difference in their riverbed slope complexity. In addition, degraded reaches had higher soil nutrient (i.e. nitrogen and phosphorus) concentrations, potentially indicative of the greater nutrient retention of pasture grass sites compared with mature regrowth forested reaches with less ground cover. Overall, the present study indicates that restoring mature regrowth riparian vegetation may increase river channel width complexity, although it may require canopy management to optimise the nutrient retention potential necessary to maximise the effect of riparian restoration strategies on freshwater environments.

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