DIASTASIS RECTI AMONG PREGNANT AND POSTPARTUM WOMEN IN KANO, NIGERIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Diastasis Recti (DR) is a common muscular condition often present during and after pregnancy. This cross-sectional correlational study investigated the prevalence of DR among pregnant and postpartum women. A total of 250 pregnant and postpartum women were recruited using convenience sampling technique from obstetrics and gynaecology department, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Age, body mass, height, BMI, parity, trimester, duration of DR postpartum, location of DR and DR status was recorded for each participant. Presence of DR was confirmed using the finger width method. Descriptive statistics of mean, SD, percentage were used to describe the data and determine the prevalence. Inferential statistics of Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation were used to analyse the relationship between prevalence of DR and age, parity and duration of DR postpartum. Chi square was computed to determine the difference in prevalence of DR across trimesters. The result of this study indicated high prevalence of DR in post-partum and pregnant women (84% and 64.7% respectively); the most common location of DR was at the umbilicus in both pregnant and postpartum women. Prevalence of DR was high among the multigravida; and a significant relationship was found between prevalence of DR and age and parity of participants. There was a significant difference in prevalence of DR across the trimesters. It can be concluded that prevalence of DR among pregnant and postpartum women is high; age and parity are determinants of DR prevalence. Evaluation of DR should be considered as routine assessment in both pregnant and postpartum women.

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Gender Differences in Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Adult Patients with Vitiligo

Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/jucms.v9i01.37958 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (01) ◽

pp. 24-27

Author(s):

Yogesh Poudyal ◽

Chandra Bhal Jha ◽

Niraj Parajuli

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Age Groups ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Epidemiological Aspect ◽

Epidemiological Features ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

INTRODUCTION Vitiligo is an acquired disorder of skin characterized by white macules. Though there are many studies describing clinical and epidemiological features of vitiligo; there are few studies which have attempted to see the differences between male and female. Understanding the gender differences in clinico-epidemiological features will help to find the direction for further research in understanding pathogenesis. The objective was to find the gender wise differences in clinico-epidemiological pattern of vitiligo. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was cross sectional study done at Dermatology and Venereology out-patient clinic of Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching hospital, Bhairhawa, Nepal from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016. Consecutive sampling technique was used and the cases of 18 years and above were taken. Chi-square test, multi-variate logistic regression, two sample t-tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The total number of case was 190. Female to male ratio was 1.38:1. Vitiligo vulgaris was seen more in female and mucosal vitiligo more in male and the difference was statistically significant. However, there was no statistically significant difference among gender in family history, duration of disease, mucosal and hair involvement, history of recurrence and various age groups. CONCLUSION Vitiligo vulgaris is seen more in female and mucosal vitiligo is seen more in male. This study has strengthened the evidence regarding the difference noted in clinic-epidemiological aspect of vitiligo. There should be more studies, so that more patterns in gender differences could be understood, and this will help in understanding the pathogenesis of vitiligo.

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Study of Maternal and Fetal Outcome among Booked and Unbooked Patients at tertiary Hospital

Birat Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/bjhs.v5i2.31376 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 1027-1030

Author(s):

Shanti Sunuwar Subedi ◽

Rakina Bhansakarya ◽

Sajjan Kumar Sharma

Keyword(s):

Sampling Technique ◽

Secondary Level ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Fetal Outcome ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

Introduction: To evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcome in booked and unbooked cases. Objectives: To assess the maternal and fetal outcomes in unbooked and booked patients. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional comparative study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from Augustti2019 to January 2020. Using a convenient sampling technique, 204 samples were taken and cross-sectional study was done. Results: There were total 204 cases in this study;102were booked and 102 were unbooked. In this study, 85(83%) of booked cases were educated up to secondary level as compared toti65 (64%) of unbooked cases. There was no significant difference in Apgar score in 1 and 5 minute between booked and unbooked cases. More babies in the unbooked group were transferred to NICU as compared to the booked group and the difference was significant (9.8%vs 1.9%). Greater proportion of booked cases had spontaneous vaginal delivery (81.3% vs 59.8%) and complications like preterm delivery, anemia, preeclampsia/ eclampsia, complicated labor and puerperal sepsis was also less in the booked group. Conclusions: The study showed that unbooked mothers and their newborns had higher chance of having complications.

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Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Dental Implants among Dental Interns in Saudi Arabia – A Cross-Sectional Study

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210602014010440 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 440-449

Author(s):

Khaled Alzahrani ◽

Abdulrahman Mohammed Alnafisah ◽

Khalid Gohormallah Alzahrani ◽

Khalid Ghalib Alharbi

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Clinical Skills ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Practical Experience ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Males And Females

Objective: The aim of the study is to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of dental implants among dental interns in Saudi Arabia Materials and Methods: A self-designed, close-ended questionnaire was distributed among 205 interns chosen by stratified random sampling technique. The questionnaire consisted of 28 items pertaining to demographic characteristics, knowledge and practices of dental implants. Responses were coded and entered into spreadsheet software (Microsoft Excel 16.0.) and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, IBM Version 22.0) and contingency tables and chi-square test (χ2). Results: The majority of the participants were males (64.4%), between 24-26 years of age (64%) and had a GPA between 4-5 (63.4%). The majority of the participants gained knowledge of dental implants through theoretical lectures (98.5%), and most of them (80%) knew, what material, an implant was made up of. Almost all participants (91.7%) knew that dental implants had surface modifications. Most (64.4%) believed that case selection is the most important criteria for the success of dental implant therapy, and this differed significantly among participants with respect to GPA (p=0.03). Many participants (60%) believed that the most important advantage of dental implants over fixed prosthesis is that reduction of adjacent tooth is not needed, and this differed significantly between males and females (p=0.026). There was a significant difference (p<0.001) between males and females when it came to confidence in independently restoring teeth using dental implants. 63% of the participants were confident to use dental implants in their future practice. Conclusion: Knowledge of dental implants among dental interns is satisfactory, but this study reveals that participants lack practical experience and would like to acquire more clinical skills. Limitations: The response rate of participants from each university was low, which made comparisons between different universities difficult because sample size from some universities was very small, which could not produce statistically accurate results.

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Knowledge and Practices of Perineal Wound Care among Post Partum Women during COVID19 Pandemic

Nursing and Health Sciences Journal (NHSJ) ◽

10.53713/nhs.v1i3.49 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 198-201

Author(s):

Shinta Novelia ◽

Rosmawati Lubis ◽

Erma Sulistiyorini

Keyword(s):

Wound Care ◽

Post Partum ◽

Health Centre ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Perineal Wound ◽

Average Score ◽

Postpartum Women ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Perineum wound care is one of the factors to prevent infection during the puerperium. Because the perineum is a difficult area to keep dry and clean. Care and observation are needed during the puerperium to ensure that the perineum is healed by taking care of the perineum properly and correctly. During the Covid-19 pandemic, postpartum maternal visits to health facilities were very limited because it was to avoid transmitting infectious diseases to postpartum mothers. Objective: To determine the knowledge of the post-partum women about the practice of perineal wounds during the Covid-19 pandemic at the Banjar Health Centre in 2021. Methodology: this descriptive study used a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study was 102 respondents with accidental sampling technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS with Chi Square, which previously tested the validity and reliability. Results: The practice of treating perineum wounds in the working area of the Banjar Health Centre obtained an average score of 73.5. Based on the knowledge obtained an average value of 89.2. The results of the Chi Square test showed that all independent variables had a relationship with perineum wound care practices, including knowledge (p = 0.001). Conclusions and Suggestions: The practice of perineum wounds care in postpartum women has a relationship with the women’s level of knowledge. Postpartum women can expand their knowledge about wound care in the perineum during the puerperium through mass and electronic media and counseling provided by health personnel.

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Satisfaction and Competence With Telepractice Services in Pakistan Amid COVID-19 Pandemic: The Speech-Language Pathologists’ Perspective

Iranian Rehabilitation Journal ◽

10.32598/irj.19.3.1335.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 251-260

Author(s):

Sidra Akram ◽

◽

Nazia Mumtaz ◽

Nameeka Shahid ◽

Ghulam Saqulain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Relationship Building ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Building Relationships ◽

Face To Face ◽

Convenience Sampling ◽

The Difference

Objectives: This study aimed to explore satisfaction and competency with telepractice services among Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) in Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study with a sample of 204 SLPs was conducted at Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan, from August 2020 to December 2020. Our study recruited qualified SLPs of both genders, aged between 25 and 60 years, using a convenience sampling technique. Non-practicing SLPs and those holding administrative posts were excluded from this study. The “Service Provider Questionnaire for Telepractice” was used for data collection. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS v. 22. The Chi-square and Pearson r correlation were used to detect any relationships between study variables, and P<0.05 was significant. Results: The results showed that SLPs are pretty satisfied with using telepractice and building relationships with child/family, compared to face-to-face practice, and did not reveal significant differences (P=0.146 and P=0.882, respectively). Also, the competence of SLPs was good with telepractice; however, higher competence was noted with face-to-face practice, and the difference was statistically significant (r=0.165, P=0.018). Discussion: Regarding satisfaction with the use of telepractice and relationship building with child/family, SLPs are pretty satisfied, though results did not differ significantly from face-to-face practice. However, for competence in providing services, the SLPs felt more competent with face-to-face practice than telepractice. Satisfaction using telepractice has an association with patient’s age and SLP’s experience and age, while satisfaction with relationships using telepractice is associated with SLP’s qualification and experience. Competence in providing telepractice is associated with patient’s age and SLP’S qualification, experience, and age.

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Prevalence of tobacco usage and its effect on the periodontal health parameters in the mining employees and the general population- A Comparative study

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences ◽

10.20396/bjos.v16i0.8650489 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Tarulatha Shyagali ◽

Mohamed Helmy Salama ◽

Deepak Bhayya

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Health Parameters

Objective: Comparison of the prevalence of usage of tobacco products and its effect on the periodontal health parameters of the mining laborers and the general population of Udaipur city, India. Materials and methods: the cross sectional study was performed on the sample of 980 adults including 500 mining employees and 480 subjects from the general population. The presence or absence of the tobacco products usage was noted. The ADA type III examination using the community periodontal probe was done. The data obtained was subjected to chi-square and Cramer’ v statistical analysis. Results: 79.40% of the mining-employees and 61.67% of the general population used different tobacco products, the difference noted was statistically significant (p=0.000). The most common periodontal condition amongst the mining employees and the general population was the presence of calculus (39% and 35.63% respectively) followed by the 4-5mm periodontal probing depth (29.20% and 26.04% respectively). The difference spotted was significant (p=0.018). There was statistically significant difference between the tobacco users and non- users for the different periodontal conditions (p=0.000).

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Burnout among surgeons; depression, anxiety and stress between consultant versus post-graduate trainee

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.36.7.1415 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Saleh Khurshied ◽

Aliya Hisam ◽

Nawal Khurshid ◽

Madiha Khurshid

Keyword(s):

Marital Status ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Military Hospital ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Post Graduate ◽

Creative Commons ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference

Objective: To compare depression, anxiety and stress between consultant and post-graduate trainee (PG-trainee) surgeons and to find the difference of different factors i.e. gender, marital status, physical activity, BMI, comorbidity and Income per month between the two. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of eight months duration from March 2018 to August 2018 was conducted in Military Hospital and Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Convenient sampling technique was used. DASS 21 questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were entered and analysed by SPSS 22. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of participants was 37.44±10.512 years. Out of 68 participants, 54 (79.4%) were males and 14 (20.6%) were females. There was a significant difference between the consultants and PG trainees in terms of gender, marital status and income per month (p= <0.005) PG-trainees were more depressed and anxious but not stressed as compared to consultants (p= 0.014, 0.012 and 0.280 respectively). Conclusions: There was a significant association in terms of gender, marital status and income per month between consultants and PG trainees. A statistically significant association was found between consultants and PG trainees concerning depression and anxiety showing PG trainees were more depressed and anxious. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.1415 How to cite this:Khurshied S, Hisam A, Khurshid N, Khurshid M. Burnout among surgeons; depression, anxiety and stress between consultant versus post-graduate trainee. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1745-1748. doi: https://doi.org/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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The difference of occlusal cant and favored chewing side in subjects with complete dentition

Dentika Dental Journal ◽

10.32734/dentika.v23i2.3819 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 51-54

Author(s):

Ervina Sofyanti ◽

Mirna Rory Yohanita Tambunan ◽

Trelia Boel ◽

Darmayanti Siregar ◽

Aditya Rachmawati

Keyword(s):

Direct Method ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Visual Observation ◽

Dental Students ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mandibular Asymmetry ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Difference

The examination of static and dynamic occlusal relationship are important in orthodontic diagnosis. Thus, this study aims to analysis the difference of occlusal cant and favored chewing side. This is cross-sectional study of 70 healthy dental students Universitas Sumatera Utara with complete dentition and have no orthodontics treatment history. The position of tongue spatula across on occlusal of both first bicuspids to assess the existence and degree of the canting occlusal based on extra-oral photograph. The occlusal cant positive if it coincided to inter pupil as transversal references and sectioned with facial midline as a vertical reference more than 3º. A modified direct method- visual observation was done to assess the favored chewing side. A chi-square test with p level 0.05 in evaluation of the null hypothesis that states there was a difference of occlusal cant and favored chewing side in those subjects. From 36 subjects with cant occlusal positive, there were 26 subjects with and 10 subjects without favored chewing side. Then, from 34 subjects with cant occlusal negative, there were 14 subjects with and 20 subjects without favored chewing side. There was a significant difference (p=0.017) between occlusal cant and favored chewing side. Subjects with complete teeth showed that favored chewing side tendency of 3,714 more often had an occlusal cant positive compared to favored chewing side negative. In conclusion, the significant difference of occlusal cant and favored chewing side in subjects with complete dentition can be considered as a preliminary study in order to understand the complexity of development of mandibular asymmetry.

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Effect of Socioeconomic Status on Frequency of Dental Caries among 3-11 years old patients with Maloccluded Teeth

10.53350/pjmhs211581880 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 1880-1882

Author(s):

Adeel Ijaz Rana ◽

Arooj Ul Hassan ◽

Saleem Rana ◽

Fareed Ahmad ◽

Ali Anwaar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Middle Class ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Old Patients ◽

Lower Middle Class ◽

The Difference

Aim: To explore the effect of socioeconomic status on frequency of dental caries among patients with maloccluded teeth. Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at Dental hospital of Institute of dentistry, CMH, Lahore Medical College, Lahore. Sample size was calculated as 330. Data was collected using purposive sampling technique. Patients of both genders between the ages of 3 to 11 years with maloccluded teeth were included. Result: According to Modified Kuppuswamy socioeconomic scale rating, gender wise comparison was conducted using chi-square test. Out of 330 participants, 28 males and 17 females were between scores of 25-29, i.e. the upper class. 91 males and 105 females were between scores of 16-25, being in upper middle class. 40 males and 45 females were scored between 5-10, being in lower middle class while 1 male and 3 females were scored <5, being in poor class. An insignificant difference of 0.20 was observed between them. The difference was nonsignificant. Conclusion: No gender wise difference was observed among patients with regards to dental caries in terms of socioeconomic status. Keywords: Malocclusion, dental caries, socioeconomic status, oral hygiene

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Awareness and Knowledge of HIV Transmission and Prevention among Military Personnel in Abuja, Nigeria

International STD Research & Reviews ◽

10.9734/isrr/2021/v10i230130 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 37-48

Author(s):

Olajide A. Adekunle ◽

David A. Adeyemi

Keyword(s):

Hiv Prevention ◽

Sample Size ◽

Military Personnel ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Significant Difference

Aims: To assess the level of knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention and identify factors influencing the awareness of HIV transmission and prevention among military personnel in Nigeria. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: The Nigerian Defense Headquarters, Abuja, Nigeria. Methodology: Using the stratified probability sampling technique, military personnel between the age of 18 and 55 years, were recruited based on arm of service with a percentage distribution of 60:20:20 (Army, Navy, and Air Force respectively). The sample size(n) was 384 and the adjusted sample size was 427 respondents. The tool for data collection was a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. This instrument, divided into 3 sections, was designed to obtain information on socio-demographics (sex, age, ethnic background, education level as the highest level of education attainment, experience in the military; the arm of service, rank, length of service, gender and number of sexual partners, knowledge of HIV prevention, and perception of risk of HIV transmission. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression at p<0.05. Results: While 98.5% of respondents have ever heard of HIV, 80.3% claimed to have seen or heard information about HIV, with media (85.9%) been the major source of this information. Out of the 391 respondents, 174 (44.5%) and 217 (55.5%) military personnel had inadequate and adequate knowledge of HIV transmission respectively while 80.8% and 19.2% of these respondents had inadequate and adequate knowledge of HIV prevention, respectively. Conclusions: While there was no significant difference in the proportion of those military men that had adequate and inadequate knowledge of HIV transmission, there was a clear and significant difference in the proportion of military men with adequate and inadequate prevention knowledge. Age, education, marital status, and service arm are predictive factors that could influence knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention.

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