scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities in Repurposing of Drugs: Mini Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-371
Author(s):  
S Sindhu ◽  
S Murugan
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Repurposed Drugs ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Old Drugs ◽  
Cancer Diseases

for treating a new clinical condition takes time and consumes a lot of investment. Therefore, there is much attention given towards repurposing of old drugs for new therapy. Majority of drugs approved by FDA for a particular treatment has found applications in the treatment of various other clinical conditions too. In other words, it can be said as ‘reusing’ of a drug. This mini review focused on the use of repurposed drugs for bacterial infections and cancer treatment. Apart from the benefits of repurposing of drugs, there are some challenges needed to be addressed. Therefore, in this review paper the use of repurposed drugs in treatment of communicable (bacterial infections) and non-communicable (cancer) diseases were discussed. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(3) 2020 p.365-371

scholarly journals Repurposing Old Drugs into New Epigenetic Inhibitors: Promising Candidates for Cancer Treatment?

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipa Moreira-Silva ◽  
Vânia Camilo ◽  
Vítor Gaspar ◽  
João F. Mano ◽  
Rui Henrique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Epigenetic Machinery ◽  
Traditional Drug ◽  
Repurposed Drugs ◽  
Old Drugs

Epigenetic alterations, as a cancer hallmark, are associated with cancer initiation, progression and aggressiveness. Considering, however, that these alterations are reversible, drugs that target epigenetic machinery may have an inhibitory effect upon cancer treatment. The traditional drug discovery pathway is time-consuming and expensive, and thus, new and more effective strategies are required. Drug Repurposing (DR) comprises the discovery of a new medical indication for a drug that is approved for another indication, which has been recalled, that was not accepted or failed to prove efficacy. DR presents several advantages, mainly reduced resources, absence of the initial target discovery process and the reduced time necessary for the drug to be commercially available. There are numerous old drugs that are under study as repurposed epigenetic inhibitors which have demonstrated promising results in in vitro tumor models. Herein, we summarize the DR process and explore several repurposed drugs with different epigenetic targets that constitute promising candidates for cancer treatment, highlighting their mechanisms of action.

Resveratrol as an Adjuvant for Normal Tissues Protection and Tumor Sensitization

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keywan Mortezaee ◽  
Masoud Najafi ◽  
Bagher Farhood ◽  
Amirhossein Ahmadi ◽  
Dheyauldeen Shabeeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Radiation Toxicity ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Normal Tissue Toxicity

Cancer is one of the most complicated diseases in present-day medical science. Yearly, several studies suggest various strategies for preventing carcinogenesis. Furthermore, experiments for the treatment of cancer with low side effects are ongoing. Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy are the most common non-invasive strategies for cancer treatment. One of the most challenging issues encountered with these modalities is low effectiveness, as well as normal tissue toxicity for chemo-radiation therapy. The use of some agents as adjuvants has been suggested to improve tumor responses and also alleviate normal tissue toxicity. Resveratrol, a natural flavonoid, has attracted a lot of attention for the management of both tumor and normal tissue responses to various modalities of cancer therapy. As an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, in vitro and in vivo studies show that it is able to mitigate chemo-radiation toxicity in normal tissues. However, clinical studies to confirm the usage of resveratrol as a chemo-radioprotector are lacking. In addition, it can sensitize various types of cancer cells to both chemotherapy drugs and radiation. In recent years, some clinical studies suggested that resveratrol may have an effect on inducing cancer cell killing. Yet, clinical translation of resveratrol has not yielded desirable results for the combination of resveratrol with radiotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy. In this paper, we review the potential role of resveratrol for preserving normal tissues and sensitization of cancer cells in combination with different cancer treatment modalities.

Recent Advances of Silver Nanoparticles in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1276-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Q. Huy ◽  
Pham T.M. Huyen ◽  
Anh-Tuan Le ◽  
Matteo Tonezzer
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Material ◽  
Pathogenic Agents ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Carrier Systems

Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are well-known as a promising antimicrobial material; they have been widely used in many commercial products against pathogenic agents. Despite a growing concern regarding the cytotoxicity, AgNPs still have attracted considerable interest worldwide to develop a new generation of diagnostic tool and effective treatment solution for cancer cells. Objective: This paper aims to review the advances of AgNPs applied for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The database has been collected, screened and analysed through up-to-date scientific articles published from 2007 to May 2019 in peer-reviewed international journals. Results: The findings of the database have been analysed and divided into three parts of the text that deal with AgNPs in cancer diagnosis, their cytotoxicity, and the role as carrier systems for cancer treatment. Thanks to their optical properties, high conductivity and small size, AgNPs have been demonstrated to play an essential role in enhancing signals and sensitivity in various biosensing platforms. Furthermore, AgNPs also can be used directly or developed as a drug delivery system for cancer treatment. Conclusion: The review paper will help readers understand more clearly and systematically the role and advances of AgNPs in cancer diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Curcumin: Modern Applications for a Versatile Additive

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Florentina Monica Raduly ◽  
Valentin Raditoiu ◽  
Alina Raditoiu ◽  
Violeta Purcar
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Natural Compound ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Quality Of Food

The recent development of several methods for extracting curcumin from the root of the plant Curcuma longa has led to intensified research on the properties of curcumin and its fields of application. Following the studies and the accreditation of curcumin as a natural compound with antifungal, antiviral, and antibacterial properties, new fields of application have been developed in two main directions—food and medical, respectively. This review paper aims to synthesize the fields of application of curcumin as an additive for the prevention of spoilage, safety, and quality of food. Simultaneously, it aims to present curcumin as an additive in products for the prevention of bacterial infections and health care. In both cases, the types of curcumin formulations in the form of (nano)emulsions, (nano)particles, or (nano)composites are presented, depending on the field and conditions of exploitation or their properties to be used. The diversity of composite materials that can be designed, depending on the purpose of use, leaves open the field of research on the conditioning of curcumin. Various biomaterials active from the antibacterial and antibiofilm point of view can be intuited in which curcumin acts as an additive that potentiates the activities of other compounds or has a synergistic activity with them.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analytical Study Of Shukra Dosha With Semen Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivanand F Kawane
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Clinical Conditions

As we know Shukra dhatu is a most essential end product of the rest of all 6 dhatus of sharira. So, an analytical comparative research study has been made on infertility(bandhatva) patients. In this study, we explain tenets of shukra dhatu and different types of shukra doshas according to Acharya Charaka and Sushruta. According to doshas 8 types of Shukra doshas explaind by acharya and 9 types of semen abnormality by modern science. An attempt has been made to correlate these shukra doshas with an abnormality of semen according to modern medical science, on the basis of clinical features, physical appearance, and laboratory examination of semen. For the study 20 patient suffering from any kind of infertility has been selected from O.P.D. of Shalya Tantra department of Arogyashala rugnalaya, Nashik. On observation, the result showed out of 20 patients , 10 patients suffering from vatapittaj, 6 from shukra kshaya, 2 from vataj and 2 from pittaj shukra dosha according to ayurvedic point of view. Simultaneously we correlate it with different clinical conditions of semen and we found Out of 20 patients, 8 suffering from Oligoasthenospermia, 6 from Oligospermia, 2 from Asthenozoospermia, 2 from Tetratazospermia, 2 from Infective semen.  

scholarly journals Efforts and Challenges paved by India to confront of Corona Virus (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Gayoor Khan ◽  
Umama Yezdani ◽  
Arghya Chakravorty ◽  
Tanvi Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Multiple Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Capacity Strengthening ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
Laboratory Capacity ◽  
Clinical Conditions

The clinical range of Covid-19 is a respiratory route infection that varies from Asymptomatic to various clinical conditions such as respiratory failure to multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS). Government administration officials are ramping up many efforts i.e prevention and containing the spread from escalating to the next level, raising the quarantine stations and increase in the laboratory capacity, strengthening surveillance, contact tracing using artificial intelligence (AI) via technology apps. India is Consequently facing many challenges to tackle the pandemic from shortage of medical supply to the devastation of the educational, transportation, job sectors, and healthcare sector, However, pharmaceutical companies taking center stage in the Covid-19 fight, Other pharmaceutical companies(low scale) in India are following suit during the Covid-19 pandemic and using their capabilities to lighten the burden of coronavirus, WHO recommends social distancing and country-wise lockdown are very essential to tackle the coronavirus, the GOI is scheming on how to get back to normalcy, with an actionable exit plan for the states to confront the coronavirus Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(0) 2020 p. S 88-S 92

scholarly journals Synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccines: challenges and opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Mettu ◽  
Chiang-Yun Chen ◽  
Chung-Yi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Carrier Protein ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Well Control ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Glycoconjugate Vaccines ◽  
Glycoconjugate Vaccine ◽  
Synthetic Carbohydrate

AbstractGlycoconjugate vaccines based on bacterial capsular polysaccharides (CPS) have been extremely successful in preventing bacterial infections. The glycan antigens for the preparation of CPS based glycoconjugate vaccines are mainly obtained from bacterial fermentation, the quality and length of glycans are always inconsistent. Such kind of situation make the CMC of glycoconjugate vaccines are difficult to well control. Thanks to the advantage of synthetic methods for carbohydrates syntheses. The well controlled glycan antigens are more easily to obtain, and them are conjugated to carrier protein to from the so-call homogeneous fully synthetic glycoconjugate vaccines. Several fully glycoconjugate vaccines are in different phases of clinical trial for bacteria or cancers. The review will introduce the recent development of fully synthetic glycoconjugate vaccine.

Impact of the Microbiota on Bacterial Infections during Cancer Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 992-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Galloway-Peña ◽  
Chelcy Brumlow ◽  
Samuel Shelburne
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Infections

Review: Rod-Shaped Nanoparticle Assembly Using an Electric Field

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieseok Oh ◽  
Jae-Hyun Chung ◽  
Woonhong Yeo ◽  
Yaling Liu ◽  
Wing Kam Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Chemical Sensors ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Assembly Method ◽  
The Future ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Demands ◽  
Future Direction

Various nanowire or nanotube-based devices have been demonstrated to fulfill the future demands on semiconductor industries and bio/chemical sensors. To fabricate such devices, an electric field-based assembly method has demonstrated a great potential for parallel- and one dimensional assembly of nanowires. In this review paper, the future direction of electric field guided assembly of nanowires is discussed with our recent results. The challenges and opportunities of the assembly are also introduced with the current trends of the nanowire assembly.

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