scholarly journals Exploring public awareness and spreading pattern analysis of COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
Md Jamal Hossain ◽  
Foyez Ahmmed ◽  
Md Ruhul Kuddus ◽  
Safaet Alam ◽  
SM Abdur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Spreading Pattern ◽  
Worldwide Population ◽  
And Behaviors

Background: The highly transmissible coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has plagued the worldwide population with a continuous upward thrust of the death toll, which might be related to insufficient knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral (KAB) score, and public awareness. Objective: The current research sought to explore public awareness in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral responses toward COVID-19 and analyze its spreading pattern during the embryonic phase in Bangladesh. Methods: From March 19 to April 15 of 2020, seventeen planned questions were answered by the Bangladeshi respondents recruited through a simple snowball sampling technique. Informed consent from each participant was taken in the survey. Results: Out of the total participants (n = 1861), 34.65% were female, and 40.83% had an education level up to Junior School Certificate (JSC). Among all the demographic variables, the highest average knowledge, attitudes and behaviors scores (mean ± SD) were reported for 18- 30 years age group (4.07 ± 1.01 out of 5; 95% confidence interval, [CI] = 4.01-4.13; p< 0.001), above 50 years age group (1.70 ± 0.64 out of 3; 95% CI = 1.59-1.80; p< 0.001), and bachelor or higher degree group (2.64 ± 0.83 out of 4; 95% CI = 2.57-2.70, p< 0.001), respectively. It was clearly depicted that the obtained knowledge score was associated with poor attitudes and behaviors. Conclusion: Education on basic health sciences as well as overwhelming campaign and publicity must be pointed at enhancing KAB scores towards COVID-19 in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(5) 2021 p.108-117

Assessing Household Natural Disaster Preparedness in Shiraz, Iran, 2011: Results of a Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamideh Mahdaviazad ◽  
Gholamreza Abdolahifar
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

AbstractObjectivePublic education and training that focus on appropriate knowledge, attitudes, and practices have had a crucial role in preparedness. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of households regarding natural disasters in Shiraz, Iran.MethodsIn this cross-sectional descriptive study, we used a stratified random sampling technique. The data collection tool was a self-administered questionnaire, which was completed in through face-to-face interviews. The data were analyzed with the SPSS statistical software package (version 16).ResultsThe overall mean scores were 7.3±2.0 for knowledge, 26.3±6.5 for attitudes, and 5.2±2.2 for practices. Mean scores for all 3 factors were higher in women and married participants. In other comparisons, the differences were statistically significant only for the associations between gender and the score for practices. The mean knowledge score was lower in illiterate participants than in other categories of educational status.ConclusionOur findings showed that the knowledge of households regarding disaster preparedness was encouraging, but that of attitudes and practices might be improved through a greater focus on motivational educational programs and cooperation among the organizations involved in public awareness. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1–4)

scholarly journals Perceived Stress and Psychological (Dis)Stress among Indian Endodontists During COVID19 Pandemic Lock down

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
RN Kumar Anil ◽  
SC Karumaran ◽  
Deepthi Kattula ◽  
Rooban Thavarajah ◽  
AM Anusa
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Traumatic Distress ◽  
Risk Rate

ASBTRACTBackgroundThe novel 2019 coronavirus(COVID-19) spreads by respiratory and aerosols. COVID19 driven pandemic causes panic, fear and stress among all strata of society. Like all other medical professions, dentists, particularly endodontists, who are highly exposed to aerosols would be exposed to stress. The aim of this study was to assess the (dis)stress among Indian endodontists and the factors that could influence the (dis)stress.MethodsFrom 8th April to 16th April 2020, we conducted an online survey in closed endodontic social media using snowball sampling technique, collecting basic demographic data, practice setting and relevant data. Psychological stress and perceived distress were collected through COVID-19 Peri-traumatic Distress Index (CPDI) and Perceived stress scale (PSS). Multinomial regression analysis was performed to estimate relative risk rate and P≤0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThis study had 586 Indian endodontists completing this survey across India. Of these, 311 (53.07%) were males, 325(55%) in the age group of 25-35 years, 64%in urban areas, 13.14% in solo-practice and a fourth of them were residents. Female endodontists had high perceived stress (RRR=2.46,P=0.01) as compared to males, as measured by PSS. Younger endodontists<25 years(RRR=9.75;P=0.002) and 25-35years (RRR=4.60;P=0.004) as compared with >45 years age-group had more distress. Exclusive consultants had RRR= 2.90, P=0.02, for mild-to-moderate distress as compared to normal. Factors driving this phenomenon are considered.ConclusionsDuring the lock down due to COVID-19, 1-in-2 Indian endodontists had distress, as measured by CPDI and 4-in-5 of them had perceived stress, as indicated by PSS. Our model identified certain factors driving the (dis)stress, which would help policy framers to initiate appropriate response.

scholarly journals Cultural Nuances in Work Attitudes and Behaviors: Towards a Model of African Work Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Elizabeth I. Olowookere ◽  
Benedict C. Agoha ◽  
Dare O. Omonijo ◽  
Jonathan A. Odukoya ◽  
Ayotunde O. Elegbeleye
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Work Attitudes ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Work Culture ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Organizational Rules

This study explored managers’ perception of the work behaviors and attitudes of Nigerian workers with reference to Nigeria’s cultural orientation and the global culture. It compared Japan, USA and Nigeria on Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, work culture and organizational outcomes. Descriptive survey design and purposive sampling technique were used in data collection. A total of 131 managers (74 males and 57 females) from manufacturing organizations in Ota, Ogun State were interviewed. The structured interview comprised of 12 statements on work attitudes and behaviors to which respondents agreed or disagreed and made remarks. Four research questions were asked and answered using frequency distribution. The result showed that greater percentage of managers perceived Nigerian workers to require close supervision, sanctions and coercion in driving compliance with organizational rules. Workers were also perceived to be motivated mostly by pay, rewards and benefits. However, only about half of the respondents agreed that Nigerian workers are self-centered and individualistic. Lastly, they perceived that given the right circumstances, Nigerian workers are highly resourceful and capable of participative decision-making and mutual responsibility. This study concluded that Nigeria as well as Japan have collectivist cultures while America has individualistic culture. Although collectivism has paid off as evinced in the successes of Japanese companies, Nigerian organizations, like many others in Africa, have been victims of acculturation with adverse consequences for organizational growth. Hence, a model of African work culture was recommended, one that should not jettison indigenous cultures, but ensure an effective blend with global best practices.   Received: 2 September 2020 / Accepted: 1 November 2020 / Published: 5 March 2021

A Study to assess the Knowledge on Lifestyle modification for Prevention of Hypertension among Adults in a selected Hospital at Kidangoor

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
Anupriya Thomas ◽  
Anvarasulthana A. R ◽  
Athira Ajayan ◽  
Libiya Abraham ◽  
Liyamol Benny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Knowledge Questionnaire ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Structured Knowledge ◽  
Sample Characteristics ◽  
Prevention Of Hypertension

The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge on lifestyle modification for prevention of hypertension among adults in a selected hospital, Kidangoor, Kottayam. The sample consisted of 30 adults between the age group of 40-60 years selected by convenient sampling technique. The design used was descriptive design. Demographic data and structured knowledge questionnaire were used to assess the sample characteristics on life style modification on hypertension and its prevention. The data collected in the study was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The majority of the sample belonged to the age group of 40-45 years (26.66%) and 51-55 years (26.66%). Half of the sample had high school education. 16(53.33%) of them were unemployed. Majority 18(60%) of the sample had average knowledge on prevention of hypertension. 7(23.3%) of the sample had good knowledge and 5of them had poor knowledge on prevention of hypertension. The present study concluded that majority of the sample have average knowledge regarding prevention of hypertension. There is statistically significant association between level of knowledge score with selected demographic variables like age and religion.

scholarly journals Psychotherapy can be effective in prolonging periods free of depression in early senescent

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Vidya Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Come ◽  
Level Of Significance

Background: The Psychotherapy can be effective in prolonging periods free of depression in early senescent has been focused on the study. People refused medication agreed to come for psychotherapy are treated to get free from their depressive symptom. The main objective of the study was therefore using psychotherapy as a treatment module to stretch time free of depression. Further psycho education to give more information on depression and increase patient flexibility for the combination of anti-depressant with psychotherapy when needed.Methodology: The subjects selected for the study were 60 patients from ‘Nitte Rural Psychiatry Clinic’ Nitte Mangalore Karnataka, India. They were selected by random sampling technique. Medico-Psychological questionnaire for general neuroticism was administered to find out the extent of depression before and after psychotherapy. To find the difference between the age and depression before and after psychotherapy Carl Pearson’s Correlation coefficient method was carried out.Results: The results reveal that a non-significant difference between age groups with extent of depression in different age group of early senescent before and after psychotherapy (Chi-square=1.7913, p>0.05) at the 5 % level of significance and (Chi-square=2.4485, p>0.05) at the 5 % level of significance respectively. Further the Comparison of extent of depression before and after psychotherapy in 50-55, 56-60 age groups and as a total by Wilcoxon matched pairs test has been administered and the result reveals that significant differences between extent of depression before and after psychotherapy in 50-55yrs of age group (Z=2.5205, p<0.05) at the 5 % level of significance, 56-60yrs of age group (Z=2.2014, p<0.05) at the 5 % level of significance. It means that, the significant means that, the significance of 15.7%, 10.5%depression was decreased before and after psychotherapy respectively. A significant difference was observed between extent of depression before and after psychotherapy in 50-60yrs of age group (Z=3. 2958, p<0.05) at the 5 % level of significance. It means that, the significance of 13.0% depression was decreased after psychotherapy.Conclusion: The implication of this study was to develop insight and understanding among the clinicians that importance psychotherapy as treatment of depression.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(1) 2016 p.118-122

scholarly journals Stakeholder perspectives on the ethico-legal dimensions of biobanking in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenuka Singh ◽  
Keymanthri Moodley
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Return Of Results ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Governance Processes

Abstract Background Biobanking provides exciting opportunities for research on stored biospecimens. However, these opportunities to advance medical science are fraught with challenges including ethical and legal dilemmas. This study was undertaken to establish perspectives of South African stakeholders on the ethico-legal dimensions of biobanking. Methods An in-depth exploratory study was conducted with 25 purposively selected biobankers, clinicians, researchers, postgraduate students in biobanking research, and research ethics committee (REC) members in South Africa. Potential study participants were recruited through known hubs for biobanking in the country, online searches and the snowball sampling technique. A semi-structured face-to-face or Skype interview was arranged. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results The emergent themes included: inconsistency in understanding consent models, disconnect between biobank researchers and biosample donors, inadequate processes to support re-consenting minors, inconsistent governance processes for biobanking research; challenges with sample and data sharing, and suboptimal strategies for benefit sharing and return of results. Biobanking practice in general appeared to be inconsistent and fragmented. While the need for consent in research is explicitly outlined in legislative documents, some respondents were unclear on the type of consent model to apply in biosample collection. They also reported inconsistencies in research participants’ understanding of consent. Furthermore, these respondents’ own understanding of consent and consent models were dependent on where they were positioned in biobanking practice (roles occupied). Respondents were unsure about the process to follow to re-consent child participants once the age of majority (≥ 18 years) was reached. It was not surprising that consent was identified as one of the major ethical challenges in biobanking practice. In certain settings, some respondents reported suboptimal governance processes for sample collection. Participants were generally unsure about how to operationalise benefit sharing and how to approach the idea of returning results to research participants and biobank donors. Conclusion The study findings indicated inconsistencies in stakeholder understanding of ethico-legal considerations related to biobanking in South Africa. A need for ongoing ethics capacity development among stakeholders was identified. Improving understanding of the ethics of biobanking could be facilitated by acknowledging the disconnect created by biosamples in the relationship between biobank researchers and donors.

Knowledge, attitude, and behavior of Turkish dentists about radiation protection and radiation safety

2021 ◽  
pp. 20210120
Author(s):  
Ayşegül Yurt ◽  
Ceren Ayrancıoğlu ◽  
Gülser Kılınç ◽  
Esin Ergönül
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Imaging Procedures ◽  
Dental Imaging ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
And Behavior

Objectives: Dentists use dental imaging methods frequently in the diagnosis and treatment of dental diseases. This study aimed to determine dentists' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about radiation protection during dental imaging procedures. Methods: Dentists from two major dental health centres in İzmir province were asked to participate in this study. The participants replied to a questionnaire that consisted of questions on the use of radiographic devices, knowledge on the radiation protection of patients and staff, and attitudes and behaviors regarding radiation protection. The questionnaire also included questions about the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. Descriptive statistics of data were performed using the SPSS software program. Results: Sixty-six dentists participated in the survey. The mean knowledge score of dentists on dental imaging, radiation, and radiation protection was 8.3 ± 2.6 out of 17, while the mean attitude and behavior score was 8.3 ± 2.1 out of 27.97% of the participants stated that medical imaging technicians should carry out imaging procedures. The use of rectangular collimators was 9.1%, and using E/F film was 56.3% among dentists. 23.3% of participants stated that they applied the bisecting angle technique during dental imaging, 23.8% stated that they wear a lead apron during imaging, and 37.8% stated that they always used thyroid shields on the patients. In addition, 37.2% of the dentists stated that the patient holds the film during preapical radiography, and 81.5% used the same imaging parameters for adult and pediatric patients. 62% of dentists stated that they question the pregnancy of female patients before imaging. Conclusion: Findings of the study suggest that the knowledge of dentists about dental imaging procedures and radiation protection needs to be improved. The implementation and the follow-up of quality training programs in accordance with the standards set by the national authority will be of great importance.

scholarly journals Knowledge on prevention of breast cancer among females attending outpatient department of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 3888
Author(s):  
Mamta Rajput Nebhnani ◽  
Uma Phalswal ◽  
Uma Ohri ◽  
Shalini Raj ◽  
Vineeta . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
India Institute ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Outpatient Departments ◽  
Prevention Of Breast Cancer

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and principal cause of death among females. Breast cancer related awareness and practices of female are known to have crucial contribution in the prevention. The aim of the study was to assess knowledge on prevention of breast cancer among females.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on females attending outpatient departments of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. 70 females within age group of 15-60 year were enrolled in the study via convenience sampling technique. Data was collected through face-to-face interview. Reliability of self-structured knowledge questionnaire was determined by KR 20 method and found reliable (0.84). Data collected was analyzed for frequency, mean, standard deviation and test.Results: Findings showed that most (51%) of the respondents were from age group 15-30 years. Only 14% of the subjects had family history of breast cancer. Most of the subject (81.4%) previously heard about breast cancer. The mean knowledge score was 14.43±2.9. Most of the respondents (74.3%) had average knowledge about prevention of breast cancer whereas only 3% had excellent knowledge levels. Knowledge of subjects about prevention of breast cancer was found to have significant association with level of education and area of living only.Conclusions: Result of the study provided information that maximum number of participants had average knowledge about different aspects about prevention of breast cancer. The knowledge of females was significantly associated with their educational status.

Children's Responses to Retarded Peers as a Function of Social Behaviors, Labeling, and Age

1987 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Van Bourgondien
Keyword(s):  
Special Class ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Target Child ◽  
Inappropriate Behaviors ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Education Class ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
And Behaviors

The effects of socially inappropriate behaviors and the label “in a special class for the retarded” on the attitudes and behaviors of 48 8- and 9-year-old girls and 48 12- and 13-year-old girls were examined. Half of the subjects from each age group saw a videotape in which the target actress exhibited socially inappropriate behaviors. The remaining subjects saw a videotape in which she engaged in socially appropriate behaviors. Half of the subjects from each age group viewing each film were told that the target child was the same age as they were and in the same grade. The other subjects were told that the target child was the same age as they were and in a special class for the retarded. The results indicated that the child's social behaviors had a significant effect on the attitudes and behaviors of peers, while the label did not. Neither behavior nor labels affected the peers' performance as teachers of the target child. Older girls were more positive toward the target child than were the younger girls. The results also indicated that girls express more positive attitudes toward a target child if they already know someone in a special education class or if they have achieved the formal operations stage of cognitive functioning.

scholarly journals Use of Antibiotics and Knowledge of Antibiotics Resistance by Selected Farmers in Oyo Town, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Bukola Oyebanji
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Drug Shop ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Optimal Dosing ◽  
Livestock Products

This survey was carried out to investigate antibiotics usage and knowledge of antibiotic resistance among farmers in Oyo town, Nigeria. Data was collected using a questionnaire and interviews. A snowball sampling technique was used to select 150 farmers and veterinary drug shop owners. The farmers were involved in cattle, fish and poultry farming. The farmers administered antibiotics to their animals when the animals were sick (curative), to prevent secondary bacterial infection after a viral infection and on healthy animals (for prophylaxis). Majority of the respondents had easy access to antibiotics and information about them. On average, farmers had some knowledge about antibiotics resistance but not on how it spread. About 62% of the respondents believed that antibiotic resistance was a problem of other countries not Nigeria. They also did not believe that sub-optimal dosing of antibiotics leads to resistance. It was concluded that there is need for public awareness on the risk of misuse of antibiotics in animals and of consuming livestock products with unsafe levels of antibiotic residues. Keywords: Antibiotics; Drug resistance; Livestock

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