scholarly journals Seasonal prevalence of arthropoda and helminth parasites in sheep (Ovis aries

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Yeasmin ◽  
Hamida Khanum ◽  
Rimi Farhana Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Seasonal Prevalence ◽  
Linognathus Vituli

The present investigation was carried out to determine the prevalence of arthropoda and helminth parasites in sheep at Azimpur, Dhaka during February, 2012 to January, 2013. A Total of 60 hosts were examined and about 71.67% sheep were found to be infested with arthropod parasites. In sheep two species of arthropod parasites, Linognathus vituli (61.67%) and Damalinia caprae (68.33%) were identified as ecto-parasites. The prevalence of ectoparasites was higher during summer (85%), followed by winter (75%) and rainy (55%). The higher intensity was also recorded in summer (325.17±1.92). Lambs were found more susceptible (85.71%) than adult (80.95%) and young (56%) sheep and higher in female (77.27%) than in male (68.42%). Twelve species of helminth parasites were identified, of them, 3 trematodes, 3 cestodes and 6 nematodes, highest prevalence was shown by Strongyloides sp (71.67%) and lowest by Dictyocaulus sp. (3.33%); found comparatively higher in adults (85.71%) than in young (80%) and 28% in lambs. The male sheeps were more susceptible (81.58%) to helminth infection than female (72.73%). Prevalence of helminthes was found higher in winter (95%) season. The value of co-efficient of correlation between the prevalence and intensity of infestation of ectoparasites and helminth parasites in sheep were 0.95 and 0.978 respectively. In both cases these two variables differed significantly (P<0.01).Bangladesh J. Zool. 42(1): 45-55, 2014

scholarly journals Prevalence of helminth parasites in sheep (Ovis aries) in Tangail district, Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sangma ◽  
N Begum ◽  
BC Roy ◽  
MO Gani
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Management System ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Fecal Examination ◽  
Male Sheep

Prevalence of helminths of sheep in relation to age, sex, nutritional status, management system and flock size was studied at Tangail district, Bangladesh from July to December 2010 by fecal examination. A total of 190 sheep were examined of which 154 (81.1%) were positive for one or more species of helminth parasites. Seven species of helminths were identified, of them three species were trematodes, namely, Fasciola gigantica (8.4%), Paramphistomum spp. (44.2%) and Schistosoma indicum (3.7%); four species were nematodes, namely, Bunostomum sp (19.0%), Trichuris spp. (2.1%), Strongyles (62.6%) and Strongyloides spp. (9.5%). No cestodes were identified. Prevalence of helminths was significantly (p<0.01) higher in young sheep aged >1-2 year (92.7%) than adult aged > 2 years (83.3%) and lamb aged ? 1 year (63.6%). Higher prevalence was recorded in female than in male sheep. In relation to nutritional status and flock size, prevalence of helminths were significantly (p<0.01) higher in poor health and large flock sized animals. It is suggested that helminth infection is widely prevalent in sheep in Tangail district of Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i2.14913 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(2): 235-244, 2012

scholarly journals On the epidemiology of helminth parasites in Hangul Deer Cervus hanglu hanglu (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Cervidae) of Dachigam National Park, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17517-17520
Author(s):  
Naziya Khurshid ◽  
Hidayatullah Tak ◽  
Ruqeya Nazir ◽  
Kulsum Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Muniza Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
National Park ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Dictyocaulus Viviparus ◽  
Dachigam National Park ◽  
One Year

A one-year study conducted to ascertain the prevalence and risk factors associated with helminth infection in Hangul Deer Cervus hanglu hanglu at Dachigam National Park revealed that 40.45% (89 of 220 samples) were infected with four helminth species including Heamonchus contortus, Trichuris ovis, Dictyocaulus viviparus, and Moneizia expansa.  The study signified that the infection was more prevalent during the dry season (summer and autumn) as compared to the wet season (winter and spring).  The overall prevalence of Heamonchus contortus was the highest (23.18%) followed by Trichuris ovis (8.18%), followed by Dictyocaulus viviparus (5.45%), and Moneizia expansa (3.63%).  The present study should be of importance in conserving the erstwhile state animal, listed as Critically Engendered in 2017 by IUCN.

Levels of helminth infection in the flat lizard Tropidurus semitaeniatus from north-eastern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.H. Bezerra ◽  
R.W. Ávila ◽  
D.C. Passos ◽  
D. Zanchi-Silva ◽  
C.A.B. Galdino
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
First Time

AbstractParasites represent a great, unknown component of animal biodiversity. Recent efforts have begun to uncover patterns of infection by helminth parasites in several Neotropical lizards. The present study reports, for the first time, levels of helminth infection in a population of the flat lizard Tropidurus semitaeniatus. One hundred and thirty-nine lizards were examined and evidence of five intestinal helminth species was found, comprising four species of nematodes, one species of cestode and an unidentified encysted larval nematode. The most frequently occurring species was the intestinal nematode Parapharyngodon alvarengai, which did not exhibit differences in prevalence and intensity of infection relative to host sex or age/body size. Furthermore, helminth species richness was not related to host body size.

scholarly journals Helminth parasites in the intestinal tract of indigenous poultry in parts of Kenya : short communication

2004 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.W. Irungu ◽  
R.N. Kimani ◽  
S.M. Kisia
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
The Poor ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Syngamus Trachea

A study was carried out on 456 indigenous poultry intestinal specimens from various towns in Kenya to determine the occurrence and distribution of helminth parasites in the intestinal tract of the birds. Of the specimens examined, 414 had parasites whereas the remaining 42 had none, which is an infection rate of 90.78 %. The main species of helminths found in the intestines were Raillietina sp. (47.53 %), Heterakis gallinarum (21.33 %), Ascaridia galli (10.03 %), Strongyloides avium (9.96 %), Choanotaenia infundibulum (4.61 %), Cotugnia digonopora (3.6 %), Capillaria sp. (1.5 %), Trichostrongylus tenius (1.04 %) and Syngamus trachea (0.40 %). Most helminths were present in both the mid- and hindguts. Syngamus trachea and C. digonopora were only found in the foregut and midgut, respectively. Although chickens from which the specimens were collected appeard healthy, the high prevalence of helminthiasis observed shows the poor level of helminth infection control practiced by the indigenous poultry keepers in the country, which might affect the health status of the birds and their growth rates. Poultry keepers should be encouraged to prevent, control and treat such cases.

scholarly journals Host- and Helminth-Derived Endocannabinoids That Have Effects on Host Immunity Are Generated during Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashini M. Batugedara ◽  
Donovan Argueta ◽  
Jessica C. Jang ◽  
Dihong Lu ◽  
Marissa Macchietto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intestinal Nematode

ABSTRACT Helminths have coevolved with their hosts, resulting in the development of specialized host immune mechanisms and parasite-specific regulatory products. Identification of new pathways that regulate helminth infection could provide a better understanding of host-helminth interaction and may identify new therapeutic targets for helminth infection. Here we identify the endocannabinoid system as a new mechanism that influences host immunity to helminths. Endocannabinoids are lipid-derived signaling molecules that control important physiologic processes, such as feeding behavior and metabolism. Following murine infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, an intestinal nematode with a life cycle similar to that of hookworms, we observed increased levels of endocannabinoids (2-arachidonoylglycerol [2-AG] or anandamide [AEA]) and the endocannabinoid-like molecule oleoylethanolamine (OEA) in infected lung and intestine. To investigate endocannabinoid function in helminth infection, we employed pharmacological inhibitors of cannabinoid subtype receptors 1 and 2 (CB1R and CB2R). Compared to findings for vehicle-treated mice, inhibition of CB1R but not CB2R resulted in increased N. brasiliensis worm burden and egg output, associated with significantly decreased expression of the T helper type 2 cytokine interleukin 5 (IL-5) in intestinal tissue and splenocyte cultures. Strikingly, bioinformatic analysis of genomic and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data sets identified putative genes encoding endocannabinoid biosynthetic and degradative enzymes in many parasitic nematodes. To test the novel hypothesis that helminth parasites produce their own endocannabinoids, we measured endocannabinoid levels in N. brasiliensis by mass spectrometry and quantitative PCR and found that N. brasiliensis parasites produced endocannabinoids, especially at the infectious larval stage. To our knowledge, this is the first report of helminth- and host-derived endocannabinoids that promote host immune responses and reduce parasite burden.

scholarly journals Seasonal Prevalence of Gastro-Intestinal Helminth Parasites of Goats (Capra Sp.) of Shivraj Municipality-13 Kapilvastu, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Rabindra Prasad Tripathi ◽  
Janak Raj Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Seasonal Prevalence ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
The Difference

Goat (Capra sp.), an important source of meat is greatly affected by the helminth parasites. The current study aimed to determine the seasonal prevalence of intestinal helminthes parasites using sedimentation and flotation techniques. The overall prevalence of helminthes parasite found to be 58 (54.71%) and 86 (81.13%) for the winter and summer respectively. Fecal samples collected during winter season revealed the presence of trematodes (12.26%), cestodes (6.66%), and nematodes (35.84%) and other 6.31%. Similarly the fecal samples collected during summer season revealed presence of helminth eggs including trematodes (17.92%), cestodes (10.37%) and nematodes (52.83%) nematodes. The prevalence percentages of identified genera of trematodes were Dicrocoelium sp. (3.47%), Fasciola sp. (15.97%) and Paramphistomum sp. (2.77%). The difference in the prevalence of different genera of trematodes during winter and summer were not found statistically insignificant (χ2= 1.325, p 0.250). Among cestodes the only one genus identified with were Moniezia sp. (2.77%) and Taenia sp. (9.72%). The difference in the prevalence of different genera of cestodes during winter and summer were not found statistically insignificant (χ2= 2.186, p 0.139). Similarly the identified nematode genera included Toxocara sp. (16.66%), Strongyl sp. (1.38%), Bunostomum (2.77%), Capillaria (4.86%), Chabertia (4.16%), Cooperia (2.08%), Heamonchus (3.47%), Oesophagostomum (8.33%), Nematodirus (0.69%), Ostertagia (1.38%), Strongyloides (6.25%), Trichuris (5.55%), Trichostrongylus (4.86%) and others (4.86%). Mixed infection was observed in out of a total of 134 (63.20%) mixed infection 54 (50.94%) and 80 (75.47%) samples showed helminthes eggs during winter and summer season were respectively detected. The difference in the prevalence of helminth parasites during winter and summer seasons were found statistically significant (χ2=6.193, P<0.013, d. f. = 1)

Review: Genetics of helminth resistance in sheep

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niel A. Karrow ◽  
Katherine Goliboski ◽  
Nancy Stonos ◽  
Flavio Schenkel ◽  
Andrew Peregrine
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminth ◽  
The World ◽  
Selection For

Karrow, N. A., Goliboski, K., Stonos, N., Schenkel, F. and Peregrine, A. 2014. Review: Genetics of helminth resistance in sheep. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 1–9. Gastrointestinal helminth parasites are an important source of economic loss to sheep producers. A rapid increase in anthelmintic resistance has occurred around the globe; therefore, the industry is exploring alternative strategies such as genetic selection to control losses attributed to helminth infection. Since helminths have co-evolved with sheep for millions of years, natural selection for enhanced helminth resistance has occurred within certain breeds from various parts of the world. These breeds of sheep are being used to better understand the genetic aspects of helminth resistance. If the genetic variants that contribute to this phenotype can be identified, it may be possible to use selection strategies to introduce resistance alleles into other breeds or to increase their frequency within breeds. This review will provide an up-to-date overview of the pathology of helminth disease, the immune response to helminth infection, and the search for genes that confer helminth resistance.

scholarly journals Seasonal prevalence, intensity and organal distribution of Helminth parasites in macrognathus aculeatus

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Hamida Khanum ◽  
Salma Begum ◽  
Aleya Begum
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Seasonal Prevalence ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Macrognathus Aculeatus

Examination of 122 individuals of Macrognathus aculeatus (popularly known as Tara Baim), collected monthly, from the river Buriganga during March, 2007 to February, 2008 revealed 77 fishes were infected with various helminth parasites with an infection rate of 63.11% and intensity of infection of 3.18. A total of 245 parasites were recovered from different organs of the fishes, with the highest number from the intestine. Six species of helminths were detected, of which two were trematodes (Clinostomum piscidum and Rhynchooharynx paradoxa), one species of cestode (Marsipometra parva) and three species of nematodes (Pseudoproleptus vestibules, Cucullanus cirratus and Porrocaecum trichiuri L3 larva). The prevalence and intensity of parasitic infection were a bit higher in female fish than in male. The parasites were much more abundant in rainy season (75%) followed by summer (62.5%) and winter (31.81%). The larger fishes were heavily infected (71.01%) than medium (53.33%) and smaller (52.17%) fishes. Key words: Macrognathus aculeatus; Helminth; Prevalence; Intensity; Organal distribution;  Seasonal variation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v20i2.8971 DUJBS 2011; 20(2): 117-122

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Helminths Infection in Different Types of Poultry

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKMA Rabbi ◽  
A Islam ◽  
S Majumder ◽  
A Anisuzzaman ◽  
MH Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Backyard Poultry ◽  
Pathological Lesions ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminth ◽  
Different Types

The prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites and the gross pathological lesions produced by them in different types of poultry were studied from March 2005 to March 2006, in the Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. In this study, 240 viscera of three types of poultry such as broiler, layer and backyard indigenous chickens were collected from local markets of Mymensingh district. During routine examination, total six species of helminth parasites were recorded, of which three species were nematodes such as Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum and Capillaria annulata; two species were cestodes such as Raillietina tetragona and Amoebotaenia sphenoides and only one species was belonged to trematode such as Catatropis verrucosa. Prevalence of different species of gastrointestinal helminths was highest in backyard poultry (100%) followed by layer (48.75%) and broiler (3.75%) which was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Backyard poultry was significantly (p < 0.05) 168.21 and 4106.67 times more susceptible to helminth infection than layer and broiler respectively. But layer was 24.41 times more susceptible to helminth infection than broiler. In backyard poultry, all six species of helminth parasites were found. A statistically significant (p < 0.05) variation in the prevalence of the recovered parasites from backyard poultry were observed such as the prevalence of R. tetragona (100%) was the highest followed by that of A. galli (87.50%) and H. gallinarum (80%). From the odds ratio of the recovered parasites, it was observed that chance of developing R. tetragona (odds ratio 189.73) in backyard poultry was the highest followed by A. galli (odds ratio 7.51) and H. gallinarum (odds ratio 4.04). In case of layer, only A. galli and R. tetragona were recorded, of which, prevalence of A. galli was the highest (43.75%). In broiler, only A. galli (3.75%) was found. Gross pathological lesions were found only in backyard poultry. Pathological changes were detected in case of A. sphenoides and H. gallinarum infection. In A. sphenoides infection petechial hemorrhages were observed in the mucosa of the duodenum. On the other hand, tiny, white, circumscribed nodules of about 2-3 mm of diameter were found in the caecal mucosa in case of H. gallinarum infection. Results of the present study suggest that the backyard poultry is at the high risk of helminth infection. However, layers are also vulnerable to parasitic infection. So regular deworming is essential both in backyard poultry and layer birds to obtain better production from them. Key words: Gastrointestinal helminths, prevalence, pathology, broiler, layer, backyard poultry doi:10.3329/bjvm.v4i1.1519 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2006). 4 (1): 13-18

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