Antibody responses after hepatitis B vaccination among maintenance haemodialysis patients

In haemodialysis patients, hepatitis B virus infection has higher mortality and is more likely to result in the carrier state. Although Hepatitis B vaccine is effective in producing protection against HBV infection, the antibody response may be variable. In this study, seroprotection rate of hepatitis B vaccine in maintenance haemodialysis patients was studied after primary vaccination and after completion of the full vaccine regime. 50 unvaccinated patients on maintenance haemodialysis were included in this study. Patients negative for HBsAg, Anti-HBc (total) and Anti-HCV were vaccinated with 40μg of Engerix B following a schedule of 0, 1, and 2 months. The antibody titer was tested at 3rd month and if the titer was <10 or between 10-100 mIU/ml, they were given another 4th dose of vaccine at 6th month, and their antibody titer was tested again at 7th month. In maintenance haemodialysis patients, the response rate to HBV vaccine was 44% after the primary vaccination and 80% after completion of the full vaccine regime. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v37i3.9119 BMRCB 2011; 37(3): 88-91

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STUDY OF IMMUNE RESPONSE AFTER HEPATITIS B VACCINATION IN DOCTORS

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v4i6.1219 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

Author(s):

B.L. Meena ◽

Nikhil Gandhi ◽

M.P. Sharma

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Booster Dose ◽

Booster Vaccination ◽

Primary Vaccination ◽

Vaccination Status ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Age Group ◽

Seroprotection Rate

Background: Aim of our study was to evaluate the immune response after hepatitis B vaccination and to determine the duration of protective levels of HBsAb titre in doctors. From our study we concluded that hepatitis-B vaccine gives protection for more than 10 years after primary vaccination and booster dose of Hepatitis-B vaccine is not required in immunocompetent persons after primary vaccination. Method: In this study total 100 doctors of our institution were included who were vaccinated against hepatitis B. Data were obtained regarding age, sex, weight, height, BMI and duration of vaccination period. Doctors with no prior vaccination or incomplete vaccination or those who took booster vaccination were excluded from this study. Results: The mean titre was observed to be higher in 30 to 34 years of age group (584.42±4.03.21) as compared to age group of less than 25 and greater than 40 years. Moreover, males were observed to have higher mean titre as compared to females. (411.64± 417.27 vs 333.66± 431.49) but not statistically significant. Similar with age and sex, duration of vaccination status was also not statistically significant. When we compared the duration of vaccination status with age group , mean titre was more in ≥30 years of age group as compared to <30 years (younger age groups) but statistically significant relation was observed only with the 1 month to <5 years of duration. Conclusion: From our study we concluded that hepatitis-B vaccinegives protection for more than 10 years after primary vaccination and booster dose of Hepatitis-B vaccine is not required inimmuno-competent persons after primary vaccination. Keywords: HbsAg titre , HepatitsB vaccine , seroprotection rate.

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Effect of a Community-Based Hepatitis B Virus Infection Detection Combined with Vaccination Program in China

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines10010019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Xinyao Liu ◽

Wuqi Qiu ◽

Yan Liang ◽

Wei Zhang ◽

Qian Qiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Vaccination Rate ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Control Groups ◽

Community Based ◽

B Virus ◽

Series Completion ◽

And Control

Evidence on the effectiveness of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection screening and vaccination programs remains rare in China. We used a quasi-experimental method, propensity score matching, to evaluate the effects of a community-based HBV infection detection combined with vaccination (HBVIDV) program in a pilot. Data were retrieved from the HBVIDV program implemented between July 2019 and June 2020. Outcomes were the difference between the treatment and control groups in hepatitis B vaccination (≥1 dose), hepatitis B vaccine series completion (≥3 doses), and serologic evidence of vaccine-mediated immunity. Altogether, 26,180 individuals were included, where 6160 (23.5%) individuals were assigned to the treatment group, and 20,020 (76.5%) individuals were assigned to the control group. After propensity score matching, 5793 individuals were matched. The rates of hepatitis B vaccination, hepatitis B vaccine series completion, and prevalence of vaccine-mediated immunity in the treatment and control groups were 29.0% vs. 17.8%, 22.1% vs. 13.1%, and 38.2% vs. 27.6%, respectively. The HBVIDV program was significantly associated with increased hepatitis B vaccination rate (OR, 1.884, 95% CI 1.725–2.057), hepatitis B vaccine series completion rate (OR, 1.872, 95% CI 1.696–2.065), and prevalence of vaccine-mediated immunity (OR, 1.623, 95% CI 1.501–1.755). The greater magnitude of association between HBVIDV program and outcomes was observed among adults aged 35–54 years and adults who live in rural areas. The HBVIDV program was effective in increasing the hepatitis B vaccination rate, hepatitis B vaccine series completion rate, and prevalence of vaccine-mediated immunity among adults in the pilot. Further focusing the program on special populations and regions may produce more effective results.

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A Hepatitis B Vaccination Program in a Community Teaching Hospital

Infection Control ◽

10.1017/s0195941700067266 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 102-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Myron J. Tong ◽

Ann M. Howard ◽

Gary C. Schatz ◽

Mark A. Kane ◽

Deborah A. Roskamp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Previous History ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Anamnestic Response ◽

Low Level ◽

B Virus ◽

Fourth Dose ◽

Hb Vaccine

AbstractPrior to offering the hepatitis B (HB) vaccine, a prescreen for hepatitis B virus (HBV) antibodies was conducted in a 565 bed hospital in Pasadena, California. Antibodies to the hepatitis B virus were detected in 14.5% of 1,745 employees tested. There was a significantly higher prevalence in those with a previous history of hepatitis, blood transfusions, exposure to nee-dlesticks, number of years in the same occupation, and in the same hospital work area. Employees of Asian extraction (33.3%) and blacks (23.1%) had a higher prevalence of antibodies to the hepatitis B virus than Hispanics (13.7%) and whites (10.2%). Anti-HBs was detected in 92.6% of 865 employees who received three doses of the hepatitis B vaccine. Only 28.6% of nonresponders receiving a fourth dose of hepatitis B vaccine produced anti-HBs. The nonresponders to the HB vaccine were older (average age 64.9 years) when compared to the responders (average age 37.5 years), and more males failed to produce anti-HBs after vaccination than females. Hepatitis B vaccination of the majority of individuals with either “low level” anti-HBs alone or anti-HBc alone did not elicit an anamnestic response after one dose of vaccine, implying that these “low level” antibodies are nonspecific and do not represent antiviral antibodies. Adverse reactions to the hepatitis B vaccine were minor and included a flulike syndrome, sore arm, and rash and swelling at the injection site. The reasons for nonparticipation were obtained from 179 individuals, and the main issue was concern about safety of the hepatitis B vaccine.

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Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination Status and Anti Hepatitis B Surface Antibody Titer among the Health Care Workers of a Hemodialysis Unit

Journal of Nobel Medical College ◽

10.3126/jonmc.v9i2.33354 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 23-27

Author(s):

Shailendra Shrestha ◽

Pratap Roy

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Antibody Titer ◽

Health Care Workers ◽

Vaccination Status ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Hemodialysis Unit ◽

Care Workers ◽

B Virus ◽

Surface Antibody

Background: Health care workers are in high risk of getting infected with hepatitis B virus. A large proportion of them do not receive a 3-dose series of hepatitis B vaccination and have anti hepatitis B surface antibody titer <10 mIU/ml. Materials and Methods: Health care workers of the hemodialysis unit were included from March 2019 to March 2020 and were interviewed about hepatitis B vaccination status. Serum samples of the participants were analyzed for anti hepatitis B surface antibody titer. Participants with antibody titer of <10mIU/ml were given a 3-dose series of hepatitis B vaccination and antibody titer was again measured 1-2 months after the last dose. Results: Among 30 participants, 19 (63.3%) had 3-dose series of hepatitis B vaccination, and all of them had anti hepatitis B antibody titer of >10 mIU/ml. Remaining 11 participants (36.7%), with either partial (6) or no hepatitis B vaccination (5), had antibody titer of <10mIU/ml. The mean ranks of antibody titer was significantly associated with the hepatitis B vaccination status (P<0.001). All 11 participants with antibody titer of <10 mIU/ml received a 3-dose series of hepatitis B vaccine and all of them achieved antibody titer >10 mIU/ml. Conclusion: Our study shows that a large proportion of health care workers of hemodialysis unit were either partially or not vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccination and were having anti hepatitis B antibody titer of <10 mIU/ml. However, with complete 3-dose series of hepatitis B vaccination all of them achieved a protective antibody titer of ≥10 mIU/ml.

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Continuing Risk for Hepatitis B Virus Transmission Among Southeast Asian Infants in Louisiana

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.96.6.1113 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 96 (6) ◽

pp. 1113-1116

Author(s):

Francis J. Mahoney ◽

Margaret Lawrence ◽

Cathy Scott ◽

Quan Le ◽

Steve Lambert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Southeast Asian ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Chronic Hbv Infection ◽

Asian And Pacific Islander ◽

B Virus ◽

Asian Children ◽

Chronic Hbv

Objective. Implementation and evaluation of a hepatitis B vaccination program for Southeast Asian infants in Louisiana. Methods. A baseline seroprevalence survey of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in US-born Southeast Asian children was conducted in 1991 before the implementation of a vaccination program. Hepatitis B vaccination and postvaccination serologic testing of survey participants 10 years of age and younger was performed. Eighteen months after the hepatitis B vaccine was integrated into infant immunization schedules in July 1993, a vaccination coverage survey was performed. Results. Baseline serologic testing was conducted on 96% of persons from 225 randomly selected households in a Southeast Asian community in Louisiana. Of 676 US-born children, 28 (4.1%) had chronic HBV infection; 61% of children with chronic HBV infection were born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative women. Among children born to HBsAg-negative women, the prevalence of chronic HBV infection increased with age, reaching 7.3% for children 13 to 16 years of age. Children born to HBsAg-negative women and living with carriers were 5.4 times more likely to have evidence of HBV infection than were children who did not live with carriers. Before the survey, only one child had received three doses of hepatitis B vaccine. In July 1993, 43% of Southeast Asian infants 9 to 18 months of age born in Louisiana had received three doses of hepatitis B vaccine. Infants who received immunizations from private providers were more likely to be fully vaccinated than were infants who received services from public sector clinics (prevalence ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.4,3.1). Conclusions. HBV transmission occurs throughout childhood in US-born Southeast Asian children, and the prevalence of chronic HBV infection approaches that of the country of origin. Few US-born Southeast Asian children have received hepatitis B vaccine. Because of the high rates of early childhood HBV transmission and the high risk of chronic infection in Asian and Pacific Islander communities, prevention efforts should be enhanced to ensure that all Asian and Pacific Islander infants receive hepatitis B vaccine in the first 12 months of life and that older children are vaccinated.

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Comparison of Higher-Dose Intradermal Hepatitis B Vaccination to Standard Intramuscular Vaccination of Healthcare Workers

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1086/501756 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 264-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Elizabeth A. Henderson ◽

Thomas J. Louie ◽

Karam Ramotar ◽

Donna Ledgerwood ◽

Karen Myrthu Hope ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Random Allocation ◽

Intradermal Vaccination ◽

B Virus ◽

Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay

Objective.To compare the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine administered via intradermal (ID) versus intramuscular (IM) route.Methods:Subjects chose either to specify the route of immunization or to undergo random allocation to vaccination by the ID (0.15 mL) or the IM (1.0 mL) route. Yeast-derived recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was given at 0, 30, and 180 days. Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) were measured by microparticle enzyme immunoassay.Results:763 subjects were enrolled. Baseline screening identified 65 subjects (8%) who were positive for HBsAb or HBcAb. Vaccination was completed by 590 (85%) of 698 enrollees (370 ID, 220 IM). Seroconversion rates (geometric mean titers [GMT]>0 IU/mL HBsAb) for those vaccinated ID were 99% and 96% for screening at 9 months and 1 year post-vaccination, respectively; subjects vaccinated intramuscularly had similar rates of 95% and 96%. Seropositivity rates (GMT ≥ 10 IU/mL HBsAb) showed a similar pattern, with 95%, 92%, and 73% at 9 months and 1 and 2 years, respectively, for those vaccinated ID, and 94%, 93%, and 81% for those having IM vaccination. GMT for HBsAb was significantly higher for individuals vaccinated IM than for those vaccinated ID (P<.0001). The GMT ratio for the IM and ID routes decreased over time, being 9.3 at 9 months, 7.8 at 1 year, and 5.9 at 2 years. An unanticipated side effect of intradermal vaccination was skin discoloration at injection sites, which persisted for at least 2 years postvaccination. Two thirds (112/166) of respondents reported that they would have selected the ID route despite the discoloration.Conclusions:Higher-dose ID vaccination (3 vs 1 μg per injection) uses one sixth of the dose required for standard IM vaccination. It is a cost-effective way to vaccinate populations against hepatitis B virus, but the long-term efficacy of the ID route must still be investigated.

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Compliance with and response to hepatitis B vaccination in remaining quilombo communities in Central Brazil

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2009000400004 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 738-742 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ana Rita C. Motta-Castro ◽

Selma A. Gomes ◽

Clara F. T. Yoshida ◽

Juliana C. Miguel ◽

Sheila A. Teles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽

Education Programs ◽

Central Brazil ◽

Vaccination Scheme ◽

B Virus ◽

Male Sex

Compliance with and responses to the hepatitis B vaccine were evaluated in remaining quilombo communities in Central Brazil. A total of 708 individuals who were susceptible to hepatitis B virus infection were invited to participate in the hepatitis B vaccination program in eight communities. Although 567 (80%) individuals received the first dose, only 198 (28%) complied with the full vaccination scheme. Of 148 subjects who agreed to be tested for anti-HBs, 123 (83.1%; 95%CI: 75.9-88.6) responded to the vaccine. A geometric mean titer of 512mIU/mL (95%CI: 342.5-765.3) was found. Male sex and older age were independently associated with non-response. Additional health education programs and alternative hepatitis B vaccine schedules are needed to improve the vaccination coverage in these communities in Central Brazil.

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Parents' Attitudes Toward School-based Hepatitis B Vaccination of Their Children

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.98.3.410 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 98 (3) ◽

pp. 410-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bradley A. Woodruff ◽

Lisa Unti ◽

Karin Coyle ◽

Lynda Boyer-Chuanroong

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

San Francisco ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Attitudes And Beliefs ◽

Attitudes Toward School ◽

School Based ◽

Biological Parents ◽

Random Samples ◽

B Virus

Objective. As part of a larger hepatitis B vaccination program in San Francisco, hepatitis B vaccine is offered to seventh-grade students in selected middle schools. We investigated attitudes and beliefs about hepatitis B, hepatitis B vaccine, and school-based vaccination among parents of eligible students. Methods. A survey was conducted of random samples of parents who consented, refused, or did not respond to a request for vaccination consent. Results. A larger proportion of persons who signed a vaccination consent or refusal form were biological parents and were Asian or white than parents who did not return a signed form. The most common reason for refusing vaccination, given by 84% of refusing parents, was that their children had already been vaccinated against hepatitis B. These parents recognized the severity and duration of hepatitis B virus infection as much as parents consenting to vaccination. About one third of parents who refused vaccination did not agree that schools were good places to vaccinate children. Overall, 116 parents (40%) consulted someone before deciding to consent or refuse; 95 (33%) spoke with a health professional. Most parents not returning signed consent or refusal forms reported that they never received forms from their children or that they returned signed forms to their children, who never delivered them to school. Conclusions. Most parents accepted school-based vaccination, and obtaining parental consent for schoolbased vaccination was possible. Nonetheless, new approaches may be needed for those students and parents who do not comply with the consent process.

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Improving Hepatitis B Vaccine Efficacy in End-Stage Renal Diseases Patients and Role of Adjuvants

ISRN Gastroenterology ◽

10.5402/2012/960413 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohammad Hossein Somi ◽

Babak Hajipour

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Vaccine Efficacy ◽

Vaccination Schedule ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Renal Diseases ◽

Dialysis Patients ◽

Hbv Vaccine ◽

B Virus ◽

End Stage

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global health problem.The prevalence of viral hepatitis is higher in dialysis patients than in the general population because of the opportunity for exposure during the dialysis procedure. Immunization is the most effective way to prevent transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hence the development of acute or chronic hepatitis B. It is well established that patients with end-stage renal disease including dialysis-dependent patients, have an impaired immune response to hepatitis B vaccine. End stage renal diseases (ESRD) patients have lower seroconversion rates compared with the subjects with intact renal function. Moreover, even after the completion of vaccination schedule anti-hepatitis B (anti-HBs) titers of responder dialysis, patients are low and decline logarithmically with time. The impaired efficacy of HBV vaccine in patients with ESRD has been attributed to numerous factors such as immune compromise because of uremia and some other factors. One approach to improve the immunogenicity of existing HBV vaccines is adjuvantation, and it's very important to find more effective adjutants for improving HBV vaccine efficacy. In this paper we have a brief review on recently known new ways for improving HBV vaccine efficacy.

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ANTI HBS TITRE;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.08.1008 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (08) ◽

pp. 1167-1169

Author(s):

Nahdia Ashraf ◽

Muhammad Usman Hussain ◽

Iqra Qamar ◽

Muhammad Ashraf

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽

Poor Responders ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

B Virus

Introduction: The doctors and paramedical staff are at high risk of developingHepatitis B, infection. Hepatitis B vaccine is mandatory for medical students prior to admissionin medical colleges. After completion of vaccination determination of anti HBS is not in practice.All over the world some people remain non responders and don’t develop adequate antibodytitre essential for protection against hepatitis B virus. This study is therefore designed to estimatethe anti HBs titre among the medical students, who have completed three doses of hepatitisB vaccine. Objectives: To determine the serum anti HBs antibodies among the outgoing finalyear MBBS students who have received complete 03 doses of hepatitis B vaccine. StudyDesign: Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration: This study was conductedfrom November 2010 to December 2015 at Biochemistry department Punjab Medical College incollaboration with Nawaz Medicare Hospital Faisalabad. Material and Methods: Two hundredand fifty nine female medical (MBBS) students from outgoing classes during the period ofNovember 2010 to December 2015 were enrolled in this study. All subjects were at the ageof 22-24 years at the time of sampling. Each received 03 doses of injection Engerix B, 10mcg/0.5ml each in a schedule of 0, 01, 06 months since the last 05 years. The blood sampleswere allowed to clot and serum was separated. The anti HBs and HBsAg were determined by3rd generation ELISA method. Results: A total 259 female medical students from outgoing finalyear MBBS classes were enrolled in this study. Among these subjects 48 (18.5%) had serumanti HBs levels < 10 IU/L, 77 subjects (29.7%) have levels 10-20 IU/L, 116 subjects (44.8 %)have serum levels 21-100 IU/L, while 18 subjects (10%) have > 100 IU/L serum anti HBs levels.Conclusion: The incidence of non responders and poor responders is higher among thevaccinees in this study as compared to foreign studies after five years of Hepatitis B vaccination.

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