Clinical Characteristics of Measles in Infancy: A Hospital Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Farhana Rahat ◽  
MF Abiduzzaman ◽  
Ahmed Murtaza Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
First Year ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Main Complication

Background: There is a global resurgence of measles among children in recent years and a number of infants are being affected. Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of measles in infancy and to describe their clinical characteristics in a tertiary care children hospital. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in Dr. MR Khan Shishu Hospital and Institute of Child Health from March, 2019 to February, 2020. The children who came with signs and symptoms of measles, like fever with maculopapular rash associated with cough, runny nose and conjunctivitis were recorded and frequency of measles in infants among hospitalized measles patients was noted. Infants with measles were enrolled for the study and their clinical characteristics, complications and outcome were determined. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 23. Results: A total of 64 infants were studied. The frequency of measles in infants among hospitalized measles patients was 43%. Forty seven percent infants were between 9 to 10 months. Clinical features were typical and all had fever and maculopapular rash. Pneumonia was the main complication and occurred in 50(78%) cases which was followed by oral ulcer 42(66%), diarrhea 26(41%), febrile seizure 9(14%) and croup 5(8%). Thirty four (53%) infant had normal nutritional status. Only 19.51% infant received first dose of measles vaccine. The mortality rate was 2(3%). Conclusion: A number of children are being affected by measles before completing first year of life and they develop complications which are related to morbidity and mortality. So, control and prevention of measles in infancy should give more importance. DS (Child) H J 2020; 36(1) : 20-24

Clinical Management Considerations in Long-Term Survivors With Trisomy 18

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 753-759
Author(s):  
Don C. Van Dyke ◽  
Malinda Allen
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Trisomy 18 ◽  
First Year ◽  
Chromosomal Anomalies ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Support Organization ◽  
Present Complex ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Long Term Survivors

As many as 90% or more of children with trisomy 18 die within the first year of life. A review of six patients with trisomy 18 documented by karyotype surviving past 1 year of age and of the trisomy 18 files of the Support Organization for Trisomy 18 and 13 indicated that a small number of children with trisomy 18 survive beyond their first year of life; a few live into their teens and twenties. In addition to medical problems that are unique to this chromosomal syndrome, these patients present complex medical problems common to all persons with chromosomal anomalies. The primary and tertiary care consultants who are able to provide knowledge and sensitive supportive care to children with trisomy 18 and to their parents are performing a service of significant benefit, no matter how brief the life span of the child may be.

scholarly journals 13 Evaluating Potential Overuse of Intravenous Hydration in Patients Hospitalized with Bronchiolitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. e5-e5
Author(s):  
Vénitia Langlois ◽  
Chloé Sainte-Marie-Lestage ◽  
Anne-Claude Bernard-Bonnin ◽  
Nathalie Lucas ◽  
Pascal Bédard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Local Order ◽  
First Year ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Oral Hydration ◽  
Intravenous Hydration ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Local Guideline

Abstract Background Bronchiolitis is the primary cause of hospitalization in children during the first year of life. Respiratory support and hydration are the two pillars of management. Practice guidelines for bronchiolitis (NICE and CPS) recommend nasogastric (NG) hydration before intravenous (IV) fluids if oral hydration cannot be maintained. However, IV hydration remains the primary mode of hydration at our tertiary care pediatric centre. Objectives This is a resource stewardship project aiming to evaluate the baseline use of IV versus NG hydration in children 0-15 months hospitalized for bronchiolitis and requiring supplemental hydration. The secondary objective is to evaluate potential barriers to NG hydration for these children. Design/Methods Data was collected retrospectively for the 2017-2018 bronchiolitis season. A survey was sent to all the pediatric emergency (ED) physicians and nurses, pediatric hospitalists, ED fellows, pediatric residents and ward nurses. Results Among eligible patients (n=95), IV hydration was prescribed 52% of the time, compared to 48% NG hydration. Ninety-six percent (47/49) of IV hydration was initiated in the ED, while only 4% (2/49) was initiated on the ward. Among patients who began receiving hydration in the ED (80/95, or 84%), 41% (33/80) were hydrated via NG and 59% (47/80) by IV. In the survey, while 92% (57/62) of responding physicians claimed to be aware of national guidelines for bronchiolitis, only 67% (42/62) said that NG was the recommended mode of hydration. Among ED practitioners, 56% (19/34) were up-to-date on the recommendation. Two-thirds of all respondents (physicians and nurses) felt that NG hydration would be more acceptable to parents. Among nurses, 84% (38/45) felt that IV installation was a longer procedure to complete. Despite the existence of a local order set indicating NG hydration as the preferred hydration method, only 64% (40/62) of physicians were aware of its existence, and only 23% of these (9/40) actually use the guideline. Main reasons of disuse included forgetting the guideline exists and it not being easily available. In contrast, 93% of nurses were aware of the local guideline. Conclusion Intravenous hydration is overused among patients hospitalized with bronchiolitis at our centre, and the ED is the main setting where this occurs. There is a discrepancy between physicians’ theoretical knowledge of hydration guidelines and the application of these in reality. Barriers to the use of NG hydration can be amenable to a quality improvement (QI) intervention targeting improved knowledge and use of our local guideline, and this will be our focus going forward.

A Girl with Farber Disease Treated with Bone Marrow Transplantation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Ali Mirhosseini ◽  
Elham Farasat ◽  
Elnaz Sheikhpour
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
First Year ◽  
Farber Disease ◽  
Subcutaneous Nodules ◽  
Exon 11 ◽  
First Year Of Life

Background: Farber disease is a very rare autosomal recessive disease of lipid metabolism caused by deficient activity of lysosomal acid ceramidase. Symptoms can begin in the first year of life by a triad of painful and swollen joints and subcutaneous nodules, progressive hoarseness and variable central nervous system involvement.   Case Report: A 5 months old girl with subcutaneous nodules in limbs, pain and swelling in her fingers, Knees, elbow and hoarseness was referred to our clinic. She had neurodevelopment delay in walking and talking. Genetic analysis was reported homozygosity for a c.830C>A mutation in exon 11 of N-Acylsphingosine Amidohydrolase 1 (ASAH1) gene. She diagnosed with Farber disease and treated with bone marrow transplantation. After that her signs and symptoms were improved and she could to walk.   Conclusion: Farber disease is associated with characteristics including swollen joints, subcutaneous nodules, progressive hoarseness and variable CNS involvement. Moreover, bone marrow transplantation improved these symptoms.

Who needs prenatal counselling with a pediatric surgeon? Experience from a large tertiary care university hospital

2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alizée Froeliger ◽  
Luke Harper ◽  
Sara Tunon de Lara ◽  
Frédéric Lavrand ◽  
Maya Loot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Fetal Mri ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pediatric Surgeon ◽  
Prenatal Consultation ◽  
Prenatal Counselling ◽  
Large Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgeon Experience ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Objectives To describe our experience with prenatal counselling for surgical anomalies in a large volume center. The secondary aim is to suggest a list of prenatal abnormalities warranting counselling by a pediatric surgeon. Methods We reviewed all prenatal counselling consultations performed by the pediatric surgery team between January 1st, 2015 and December 31st, 2016. Results A total of 169 patients or couples had a prenatal consultation with a pediatric surgeon. Prenatal work-up included a fetal MRI in 26% of cases, mainly for digestive and thoracic pathologies (56.1% of cases). Consultation with the pediatric surgeon led mainly to recommendations concerning the place of delivery. Induction for reasons related to the fetal anomaly occurred in 22.2% of cases. Most children were surgically treated within the first year of life (63.5%). Correlation between predicted prognosis and actual status at four years of life was 96.9%. Correlation between prenatal and postnatal diagnosis was 87.4%. Conclusions Prenatal counselling by a pediatric surgeon allows couples to obtain clear information on the pathology of their unborn child, giving them greater autonomy in their decision to continue the pregnancy.

Tracheotomy in the Preschool Population: Indications and Outcomes

2007 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley C. French ◽  
Christopher T. Wootten ◽  
Robert G. Thomas ◽  
Wallace W. Neblett ◽  
Jay A. Werkhaven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
First Year ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
First Year Of Life

OBJECTIVE: Although more tracheotomy procedures are performed within the first year of life than in any other age group, preschool-aged children requiring tracheotomy remain understudied. We characterize the indications and outcomes for patients between the ages of 3 and 6 years undergoing tracheotomy. METHODS: Out of 480 pediatric tracheotomy procedures performed at a tertiary-care hospital between 1988 and 2004, 15 patients underwent primary tracheotomy between 3 and 6 years of age. RESULTS: Most (60%) procedures were performed for pulmonary toilet. Upper-airway obstruction represented the second most common indication (40%), and trauma necessitated tracheotomy procedures more often than had been predicted (40%). The decannulation rate was 40%; 2 patients died. CONCLUSION: Trauma contributed to both upper-airway obstruction as well as requirements for pulmonary toilet. These procedures performed secondary to trauma will likely continue to increase. SIGNIFICANCE: Tracheotomy procedures in the preschool population remain uncommon; however, nearly half of those studied were performed as a direct result of otherwise preventable trauma.

Early Recognition of Infant Malignancy: The Five Most Common Infant Cancers

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chih Lin
Keyword(s):  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
First Year ◽  
Optimal Care ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
First Year Of Life

The incidence of cancer in children is rising in the U.S. Although cancer in the first year of life is relatively rare, understanding the early signs and symptoms of and the historical factors associated with most common infant cancers is essential for providing optimal care to these infants and their families. Neonatal nurses and nurse practitioners play a pivotal role in early recognition and detection of infant malignancy. This article reviews the incidence of and historical factors associated with infant cancers and discusses clinical presentations and available diagnostic images as well as screening tools for the five most common types of infant malignancy.

scholarly journals Features of the course of new coronavirus infection in newborns and first-year infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Natalya A. Kharitonova ◽  
Milana A. Basargina ◽  
Mariya S. Illarionova ◽  
Marina I. Nesterovich
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Pathology ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
First Year ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Course Changes ◽  
Echocardiographic Examination ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
First Year Of Life

The aim of the study was to assess the features of the course of new coronavirus infection in newborns and children of the first year of life. Materials and methods. Thirty-six children aged eight days to 11 months were hospitalized in the covid centre of the National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health (of which nine children were transferred from one of the surgical hospitals in Moscow due to the contact with SARS-CoV-2). Results. Despite severe concomitant surgical pathology in 25% of patients, 98% of children had mild to moderate disease. Febrile temperature (up to a maximum of 39 oC) was observed in 4 infants, sub-febrile temperature in 5 people. In other children, for the entire period of treatment, there was no increase in temperature. Mothers’ complaints about lethargy dominated the clinical picture of the disease, followed by refusal to eat, runny nose, sneezing, swallowing voice, coughing, shortness of breath in their children. During the examination, the following signs were revealed: yawn hyperemia, mucous separated from the nose, hard breathing and dry wheezing (in 1 infant). The general blood test showed anemia (mostly related to prematurity anemia, or iron deficiency anemia), leftward leukocytosis (due to concomitant surgical pathology), leukopenia, various changes in the leukocytic formula of blood. In some instances, thrombocytopenia increased in D-dimer C-RP, procalcitonin, ferritin, bilirubin, and alanine aminotransferase. In only six infants with a moderate disease course, changes characteristic of a new coronavirus infection were identified on the chest CT scan. Six infantas had rhythm disorders detected in electrocardiographic examination (no deviations were found in echocardiographic examination). Conclusion. According to both foreign literature and data obtained during our study, it can be concluded that, compared with adults, infants have a milder course of the disease and less pronounced changes obtained during laboratory and instrumental studies.

scholarly journals The use of rapamycin to treat vascular tumours and malformations: A single-centre experience

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumitra Tole ◽  
Michelle Fantauzzi ◽  
Diana Cottingham ◽  
Joao G Amaral ◽  
Philip R John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Response ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
First Year ◽  
Large Tertiary Care ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Objectives To assess the safety and efficacy of rapamycin in treating children with vascular tumours and malformations. Study design We performed a retrospective review at a large tertiary care paediatric centre to assess the efficacy and safety of using rapamycin to treat vascular tumours and malformations. Response to therapy was defined by patient-reported symptom improvement, radiological reduction in size of lesions, and/or improvement of laboratory parameters. Results Forty-two patients (7 with vascular tumours and 35 with vascular malformations) have been treated with rapamycin. Despite 33 of 42 patients being diagnosed in the first year of life, the median age of initiating rapamycin was 11 years. Of the 38 children treated for a minimum of 4 months, 29 (76%) exhibited a clinical response. Twenty-one patients had follow-up imaging studies and of these, 16 (76%) had radiographic decrease in lesion size. Median time to demonstration of response was 49 days. All five children with vascular tumours and all three children with vascular malformations under the age of 4 years showed a clinical response. Response rate was lower for children ≥ 4 years of age (0/2, 0% for vascular tumours; 21/28, 75% for vascular malformations). No patient experienced an infection directly related to rapamycin or discontinued rapamycin due to toxicity. Conclusions Rapamycin is safe and efficacious in most children with select vascular tumours and malformations. Young children appear to respond better, suggesting that early initiation of rapamycin should be considered.

scholarly journals The impact of the number of children in the family on the breastfeeding duration and vaccination coverage

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-543
Author(s):  
A V Alekseeva ◽  
E N Berezkina ◽  
K E Moiseeva ◽  
Sh D Kharbediya
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
First Year ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To assess the impact of the number of children in the family on breastfeeding duration and vaccination coverage. Methods. 1724 mothers of 1-year old children were randomly chosen from seven children's polyclinics in St. Petersburg for an anonymous survey that was conducted by a specially designed form Questionnaire of a mother of 1-year old children. The questionnaire comprised of 20 open-ended and closed-ended questions, and included questions about: (1) timing of the attachment to the breast in obstetric hospitals; (2) causes and timing of breastfeeding abandonment; (3) presence or absence of vaccinations in the first year of life according to the National preventive vaccination schedule; (4) and reasons for mothers refusing to vaccinate their children. Results. The proportion of mothers who started artificial feeding in maternity wards immediately after the birth of the baby was the smallest among women for whom this baby was the first-born (3.4%), and the largest among families with many children (11.3%). On average, mothers with one child are breastfed until 7.360.11 months, with two children until 8.290.11 months, with three or more children until 8.780.10 months. By using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was shown the effect of the number of children in the family on the duration of breastfeeding (F=3.3). Correlation analysis revealed the negative relationship of the number of children in the family with the proportion of women who continued breastfeeding until 3 and 6 months (rxy=0.82 and rxy=0.88, respectively), and positive relationship with the proportion of mothers who continued to breastfeeding the baby after reaching a year (rxy=0.89). 12.3% of children of one-child families were not vaccinated according to the National preventive vaccination schedule, 17.7% with two-child families, 28.1% in families with three or more children. It was revealed the significant cross-group effect of the number of children in the family to vaccination coverage (F=48.7). With an increase in the number of children in the family, vaccination coverage decreases, both in general (rxy=0.88) and against individual infections, including hepatitis B, diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, polio, measles and rubella (rxy from 0.80 to 0.90). Conclusion. The number of children in a family impacts mothers' refusals of breastfeeding and vaccination; the more children in a family, the more prolonged breastfeeding, but less vaccination coverage due to the health status of children in the first year of life.

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