scholarly journals Bacterial and chemical pollution level of the river Turag, Gazipur, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mihir Lal Saha ◽  
Md Atiq Mahbub ◽  
Tahsin Khan ◽  
M Moniruzzaman ◽  
Sirajul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sulphate Chloride ◽  
Brochothrix Thermosphacta

The river Turag is the upper tributary of the river Buriganga in Bangladesh. Aerobic heterotrophic bacterial count of the river in nutrient agar (NA) and peptone yeast extract glucose (PYG) agar media ranged from 2.91 × 105 to 27.5 × 105 cfu/ml and from 1.09 × 105 to 19.3 × 105 cfu/ml, respectively. Enteric and related bacterial count on MacConkey agar was between 0.88 × 103 and 20.8 × 103 cfu/ml. Out of 91 isolated bacterial isolates, 30 were selected based on their distinctive colony morphology for detailed study. Among these, 16 were Grampositive (53%) and 14 were Gram-negative (47%). Bacillus was dominant among the Gram-positive isolates (69%). The remaining were Brochothrix thermosphacta (6%), Caryophanon sp. (19%) and Renibacterium salmoninarum (6%). Fourteen Gram-negative, enteric and related isolates were identified as Plesiomonas shigelloides (43%), Alcaligenes denitrificans (22%), E. coli (14%), Proteus (14%) and Citrobacter freundii (7%). Biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values were about 9 and 5-fold higher than standard values whereas dissolved oxygen (DO) of the river was found to be six times less than the standard value. The maximum average TDS, conductivity and turbidity was recorded during the summer season as 441.75 ± 15.52 mg/l, 858.25 ± 19.57 μS/cm and 79.53 ± 6.49 NTU, respectively. Chemical contents viz. sulphate, chloride and fluoride were found to be satisfactory from pollution point of view. Both BOD and COD values along with the abundance of different heterotrophic and enteric bacteria clearly indicated that the river Turag was polluted with organic, chemical and bacterial pollutants. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 26(1): 1-11, 2017 (January)

scholarly journals Bacterial load and chemical pollution level of the River Buriganga, Dhaka, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihir Lal Saha ◽  
Mahbubar Rahman Khan ◽  
Mohammad Ali ◽  
Sirajul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Gram Negative

The River Buriganga is the life line of the Dhaka city and flanked in its southern side. The aerobic heterotrophic bacterial count of the River Buriganga was found to be in the range of 1.0 × 105 to 42.0 × 105cfu/ml while enteric bacterial counts on SS agar and MacConkey agar were 0.1 × 104 to 39.0 × 104cfu/ml and 0.3 × 103 to 3.5 × 104cfu/ml samples, respectively. Out of 74 isolates, 5 Gram-positive (22%) and 18 Gram-negative (78%) bacteria were randomly selected for detailed study. Bacillus was the dominant among the Gram-positive bacteria. Eighteen Gram-negative enteric isolates belonged to the genera Enterobacter (E. amnigenus and E. intermedium (44%), Alcaligenes (28%), Salmonella (17%), Escherichia (5.6%) and Plesiomonas) (5.6%). The NO3 -- N, NO2 -- N and phosphorus concentrations were found to be below the safety level from pollution point of view. BOD and COD values along with the presence of different bacteria clearly indicated that the River Buriganga was polluted with the organic, chemical and bacterial pollutants. Key words: Bacteria; Buriganga River; Enteric bacteria; Pollution; Bangladesh DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v38i1.5128 Bangladesh J. Bot. 38(1): 87-91, 2009 (June)

scholarly journals Microbiological Pollution Level and Seasonal Variations in Physicochemical Parameters of the River Buriganga, Dhaka

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Karim ◽  
Rehena Nasrin Happy ◽  
Md Saifur Rasul ◽  
Sirajul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
River System ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Urban Sewage

The Buriganga is one of the highly polluted rivers in Bangladesh. Most of the industries and factories of Dhaka are situated on the banks of the river Buriganga or very close to the river system. Substantial part of urban sewage of the Dhaka city is also disposed in the river Buriganga. The study was conducted to determine the pollution level of water of river Buriganga. Field investigation was started from May 2010 and sample collection was conducted in different seasons up to June 2011. Various water quality parameters such as pH, DO, BOD, COD, TDS, Conductivity, Alkalinity, NO2 --N, NO3 --N, NH4+-N and PO4 -, were determined for water of each sampling points to monitor the level of these parameters where it exceeds or remain within the permissible limit. DO concentration of water of river Buriganga was very low ranging between 0.04 and 2.25 mg/l. The aerobic heterotrophic bacterial count ranged between 1.0 × 107 and 2.0 × 108 cfu/100 ml. The highest count of enteric bacteria was noticed during the autumn that was 2.0 × 105 cfu/100 ml. BOD and COD values along with the presence of different species of bacteria clearly indicated that the water of the river Buriganga is highly polluted with the organic, chemical and bacterial pollutants.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 29, Number 1, June 2012, pp 11-15

scholarly journals Bacterial status and pollution level in the water of Gulshan Lake, Dhaka

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Karim ◽  
Nazneen Akhter ◽  
Sirajul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Bacterial Abundance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Agar Media

Water samples were collected from four selected sites of the Gulshan lake during four different seasons. Four different media were used to study the aerobic heterotrophic, enteric and related bacterial abundance. Aerobic heterotrophic bacterial abundance ranged between 1×106 and 9×106 cfu/100 ml, while enteric and related bacterial abundance in SS agar, MacConkey agar and Cetrimide agar media ranged between 1×103 and 3×105 cfu/100 ml, between 1×104 and 1×107, and between 1×100 and 1.4×103 cfu/100 ml, respectively. Among 40 bacterial isolates 14 were selected out of which seven were Gram-positive and seven were Gramnegative. Among Gram-positive isolates, six were rod-shaped spore former belonging to Bacillus and Lactobacillus, while another one was coccoid in shape and under the genus Planococcus. Out of seven Gram-negative isolates, two were the members of Pseudomonas, remaining five were Morganella, Neisseria, Escherichia, Aeromonas and Enterobacter. Inorganic nutrients like NH4+-N, NO3+-N, NO2+-N and PO4+ values were found to be satisfactory from pollution point of view. The presence of different bacterial isolates indicate that the Gulshan lake water was polluted with chemical and bacterial pollutants. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i2.14309 Bangladesh J. Zool. 40(2): 165-173, 2012

scholarly journals Bacterial status and pollution level in the sediment of Gulshan Lake, Dhaka

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Karim ◽  
Nazneen Akhter ◽  
Sirajul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Genus Bacillus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Different Seasons

Gulshan-Baridhara lake located in and around Gulshan, Banani and Baridhara, has always been Dhaka’s most exclusive residential area mainly because of the pristine lake. The lake is elongated in a north south direction and surrounded mainly by residential areas and some industrial units as well. To evaluate the pollution level of the sediment of the lake, samples were collected from 4 selected locations in 4 different seasons. Four different media were used to study the aerobic heterotrophic, enteric and related bacterial count. Aerobic heterotrophic bacterial count was in the range of 1.1 × 104 to 1.2 ×106 cfu/g in sediment sample, while enteric and related bacterial count in 3 different media (SS agar, MacConkey agar and Cetrimide agar) were 1×100 to 1.5×104 cfu/g, 1×100 to 6×104, and 1×100 to 1.1×103 cfu/g in sediment, respectively. Out of 23 bacterial isolates 18 were Gram-positive and 5 were Gram-negative. Among the Gram-positive, all were rod shaped spore former and under the genus Bacillus. Out of 5 Gram-negative isolates 2 were the member of Pseudomonas, remaining 3 strains were Escherichia, Aeromonas and Enterobacter. Total nitrogen and phosphorus level along with the presence of different bacterial strains clearly indicated that Gulshan lake sediment was polluted with the chemical and bacterial pollutants. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v38i2.15596 J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 38(2): 155-161, December 2012

scholarly journals Anti-silencing: overcoming H-NS-mediated repression of transcription in Gram-negative enteric bacteria

Microbiology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 154 (9) ◽  
pp. 2533-2545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Stoebel ◽  
Andrew Free ◽  
Charles J. Dorman
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative

scholarly journals Antimicrobial-Resistant Enteric Bacteria from Dairy Cattle

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish A. Sawant ◽  
Narasimha V. Hegde ◽  
Beth A. Straley ◽  
Sarah C. Donaldson ◽  
Brenda C. Love ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle

ABSTRACT A study was conducted to understand the descriptive and molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative enteric bacteria in the feces of healthy lactating dairy cattle. Gram-negative enteric bacteria resistant to ampicillin, florfenicol, spectinomycin, and tetracycline were isolated from the feces of 35, 8, 5, and 42% of 213 lactating cattle on 74, 39, 9, 26, and 82% of 23 farms surveyed, respectively. Antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacteria accounted for 5 (florfenicol) to 14% (tetracycline) of total gram-negative enteric microflora. Nine bacterial species were isolated, of which Escherichia coli (87%) was the most predominant species. MICs showing reduced susceptibility to ampicillin, ceftiofur, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, spectinomycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline were observed in E. coli isolates. Isolates exhibited resistance to ampicillin (48%), ceftiofur (11%), chloramphenicol (20%), florfenicol (78%), spectinomycin (18%), and tetracycline (93%). Multidrug resistance (≥3 to 6 antimicrobials) was seen in 40% of E. coli isolates from healthy lactating cattle. Of 113 tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates, tet(B) was the predominant resistance determinant and was detected in 93% of isolates, while the remaining 7% isolates carried the tet(A) determinant. DNA-DNA hybridization assays revealed that tet determinants were located on the chromosome. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates (n = 99 isolates) belonged to 60 subtypes, which is suggestive of a highly diverse population of tetracycline-resistant organisms. On most occasions, E. coli subtypes, although shared between cows within the herd, were confined mostly to a dairy herd. The findings of this study suggest that commensal enteric E. coli from healthy lactating cattle can be an important reservoir for tetracycline and perhaps other antimicrobial resistance determinants.

scholarly journals Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Identification of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Strains

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Osek
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system was developed for identification of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains and to differentiate them from other gram negative enteric bacteria. This test simultaneously amplifies heat-labile (LTI) and heat-stable (STI and STII) toxin sequences and the E. coli-specific universal stress protein ( uspA). The specificity of the method was validated by single PCR tests performed with the reference E. coli and non- E. coli strains and with bacteria isolated from pig feces. The multiplex PCR allowed the rapid and specific identification of enterotoxin-positive E. coli and may be used as a method for direct determination of ETEC and to differentiate them from other E. coli and gram-negative enteric isolates.

scholarly journals Diversity and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacteria in Water of Hotel Restaurants in Dhaka City

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Karim ◽  
Nasrin Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Abundance ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Genus Bacillus ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Micrococcus Roseus ◽  
Microbiological Status

Present study was conducted to determine the microbiological status of water from dispensers in different roadside hotel and restaurants of Dhaka city. Samples were collected from seven hotel and restaurants. Aerobic heterotrophic bacterial count ranged between 1.5 × 10 and 8.8 × 103 cfu/ml. Enteric and related bacterial abundance in MacConkey, SS and Cetrimide agar media ranged from 0 to 4.9 × 106, 0 to 2.1 × 105 and 0 to 1.2 × 106cfu/ml, respectively. In total, 28 bacterial isolates were obtained during the study period. Among them, 15 were heterotrophic isolates and 13 were enteric and related bacteria. Among 15 aerobic heterotrophic isolates, 11 were gram positive and five were gram negative. Out of 11 gram positive isolates, 7 belonged to the genus Bacillus viz. B. circulans, B. subtilis, B. stearothermophilus, B. brevis and B. cereus and one to coccus viz. Micrococcus roseus. The other gram positive species were Kurtia gibsonii, Auriobacterium liguefaciens and Curtobacterium luteum. Four gram negative isolates were Neisseria elongate sub. spp. glycolytica, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Pseudomonas fluorescens biovar 1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All 13 enteric and related isolates were gram negative, short rod; and non-spore formers and belonged to the genera Escherichia, Klebsiella, Shigella and Pseudomonas. Among all isolates, two were resistant and six were susceptible to all five antibiotics. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 43(2): 173-180, December 2017

scholarly journals Treatment of Wastewater for Agricultural Applications in Regions of Water Scarcity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 6336-6360
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Animal Safety

This paper analyses the latest techniques for treating wastewater to make it suitable for agricultural applications in regions where irrigation water is scarce. Micro-filtration (MF) techniques yield a significant reduction in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and Total Bacterial Count (TBC) of wastewater, which makes it suitable to be used for irrigational purposes. Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) technology is a viable solution for treating wastewater discharged from many industrial sectors, such as the food processing industry, for reclaiming water for agro-applications. Such industrial water may seal soil pores if directed untreated to agricultural fields. Concerning the treatment of microbial contamination of wastewater, the removal rate of pressurized membrane bio-booster (MBR) is significantly large for coliform and metals such as lead, copper, chromium, and arsenic. Both electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation are applied in the removal of oxidable chemicals from wastewater. However, the electrocoagulation process shows a higher efficiency in terms of removing COD. Contamination of agricultural fields with heavy metals is considered an adverse impact on the human and animal safety of discharging wastewater into agro-fields. Thus, removing such contaminants should be given the utmost priority in wastewater treatment, especially from industrial discharge, before they are directed to agricultural usage. Factors that govern the sustainability of a given method in a water-scarce region are also discussed.

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