scholarly journals Treatment of Wastewater for Agricultural Applications in Regions of Water Scarcity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 6336-6360
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Animal Safety

This paper analyses the latest techniques for treating wastewater to make it suitable for agricultural applications in regions where irrigation water is scarce. Micro-filtration (MF) techniques yield a significant reduction in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and Total Bacterial Count (TBC) of wastewater, which makes it suitable to be used for irrigational purposes. Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) technology is a viable solution for treating wastewater discharged from many industrial sectors, such as the food processing industry, for reclaiming water for agro-applications. Such industrial water may seal soil pores if directed untreated to agricultural fields. Concerning the treatment of microbial contamination of wastewater, the removal rate of pressurized membrane bio-booster (MBR) is significantly large for coliform and metals such as lead, copper, chromium, and arsenic. Both electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation are applied in the removal of oxidable chemicals from wastewater. However, the electrocoagulation process shows a higher efficiency in terms of removing COD. Contamination of agricultural fields with heavy metals is considered an adverse impact on the human and animal safety of discharging wastewater into agro-fields. Thus, removing such contaminants should be given the utmost priority in wastewater treatment, especially from industrial discharge, before they are directed to agricultural usage. Factors that govern the sustainability of a given method in a water-scarce region are also discussed.

Planted Soil Filter – A Wastewater Treatment System for Rural Areas

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Netter
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Surface Loading ◽  
Septic Tank Effluent

Three planted soil filters for wastewater treatment (constructed wetlands with subsurface water flow) were investigated over an extended period of time. Each of them was filled with different kinds of soil. The filters were planted with helophytes, and loaded with septic tank effluent, with pre-treated combined sewage respectively. The hydraulic surface loading varied from 4 to 60mm/d and the specific BOD5 mass loading from 0.9 to 8.7g per square metre per day. The purification efficiency varied between 61 and 99% with respect to BOD5 and COD. The elimination of nutrients (Ntot and Ptot) varied between 5 and almost 100%. The removal rate of the total bacterial count, conforms, faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci was significant.

scholarly journals Treatment of Kitchen Wastewater using Aerobic Biological Method and Sand-Bed Filtration

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Ita E. Uwidia
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Wastewater Recycling

Increased global demand for freshwater far exceeds the quantity available for human sustenance. Wastewater recycling processes are necessary and capable of producing large volumes of water for reuse. In this study, raw kitchen wastewater was analyzed for physicochemical and microbiological characteristics before and after biological treatment and sand-bed filtration. The results revealed a reduction in the mean values of the following parameters: turbidity (from 6.9 to 6 NTU, a 13.04% reduction), conductivity (365 to 311 µS/cm, a 14.79% reduction), total dissolved solids (141 to 121 mg/L, a 14.18% reduction), total suspended solids (5 to 2 mg/L, a 60% reduction), biochemical oxygen demand (5.5 to 1.82 mg/L, a 66.9% reduction), chemical oxygen demand (36 to 32 mg/L, an 11.11% reduction), and total bacterial count (286 x 10-4 to 16 x 10-4 CFU, a 94.41% reduction). The kitchen wastewater was suitable for non-potable reuse. Biological treatment and sand-bed filtration rendered the kitchen wastewater useful for secondary applications such as irrigation.

scholarly journals Comparison of biostimulation and bioaugmentation techniques for the remediation of used motor oil contaminated soil

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surajudeen Abdulsalam ◽  
Adaji Benjamin Omale
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Metal Removal Rate ◽  
Used Motor Oil ◽  
Pollutant Level

This study was carried out on the bioremediation of used motor oil contaminated soil artificially contaminated to a pollutant level of 40,000ppm using biostimulation and bioaugmentation remediation techniques for 42 days. Four treatment options were investigated in wooden microcosms: Control (T1), water amended (T2), biostimulation (T3) and hybrid of biostimulation and bioaugmentation (T4). The effectiveness of bioremediation processes were monitored using the total petroleum hydrocarbon removal (TPH) and total bacterial count (TBC). T3 had the highest TPH removal rate (69.2±0.05%), followed by T4 (65.2±0.25%) and T2 (58.4±0.5%); the control (T1) had the lowest TPH removal rate (43.2±1.5%). TBC revealed that bioremediation actually took place; T4 had the highest maximum bacterial growth of 9.6E+07CFU/g, followed by T3 (7.2E+07CFU/g), T2 (1.7E+05CFU/g) and T1 (1.65E+05CFU/g). In addition, T3 had the highest metal removal rate (2.172%) and T4 had the lowest metal removal rate (0.203%).

scholarly journals The effect of seaweed extract on tomato plant growth, productivity and soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashmath Inayath Hussain ◽  
Naga Kasinadhuni ◽  
Tony Arioli
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Soil Biology

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of seaweed extract (SWE) made from the brown algae Durvillaea potatorum and Ascophyllum nodosum on plants and soil. The application of SWE to soil growing tomato plants showed dual effects. SWE comprehensively improved tomato plant growth (flower clusters, flower number, fruit number, root length, root and shoot dry weight, SPAD) and increased plant productivity (yield and quality). Similarly, SWE application effected soil biology at the soil root zone by increasing total bacterial count and available soil nitrogen and impacting bacterial community diversity with an increase in certain bacterial families linked to soil health. A broader understanding of the effects of SWE on the plant-soil ecosystem may offer breakthrough approaches for sustainable food production.

scholarly journals Quality Assessment of Shrimp (Macrobrachium rosenbergii. De Man, 1879) During Storage in Ice

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Begum ◽  
MA Khaleque ◽  
MA Wahed ◽  
F Hafiz
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Fish Sample ◽  
Sensory Score ◽  
De Man ◽  
Score Evaluation

With a view to get a pen picture about the trend and extent of quality changes and as well as shelf life of the head off and head on shrimp (Macrobrachium rosenbergii, De Man, 1879), the present study have been carried out . Quality changes have been measured by application of sensory score evaluation and changes in chemical indices such as Total Volatile Nitrogen (TVN) value, pH and level of moisture at different time interval and Total Bacterial Count (TBC) at 15°C during the study period. The results of the sensory score evaluation indicates that the shrimp quality decreased to the limits of acceptability at 12th days of ice storage. The head off shrimp kept slight better than corresponding head on shrimps. The bacterial counts determined at 15°C have been found to increase from 103 - 107 and 104 -108 cfu/gm for head off and head on shrimp respectively at the limit of acceptability. The moisture level increased from initial 78.85gm% to final 83.80gm% (head off) & 79.0gm% to 84.0gm% (head on) and pH value increases from 7.1 to 8.1 during the whole period of iced preservation . Both head off and head on shrimp remained in acceptable condition for up to 12 and 14 days of storage respectively while the quality of fish deteriorates and become unacceptable. The bacterial count corresponding to unacceptable condition ranges from 108-109 cfu/gm fish sample. The TVN value corresponding to rejection condition were 45-50mg N/100gm fish sample. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10731 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 93-98, 2012

scholarly journals Application of Electrocoagulation Process for Dairy Wastewater Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edris Bazrafshan ◽  
Hossein Moein ◽  
Ferdos Kord Mostafapour ◽  
Shima Nakhaie
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Aluminum Electrodes ◽  
Industry Wastewater

Dairy industry wastewater is characterized by high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and other pollution load. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the operating parameters such as applied voltage, number of electrodes, and reaction time on a real dairy wastewater in the electrocoagulation process. For this purpose, aluminum electrodes were used in the presence of potassium chloride as electrolytes. It has been shown that the removal efficiency of COD, BOD5, and TSS increased with increasing the applied voltage and the reaction time. The results indicate that electrocoagulation is efficient and able to achieve 98.84% COD removal, 97.95% BOD5removal, 97.75% TSS removal, and >99.9% bacterial indicators at 60 V during 60 min. The experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of electrocoagulation techniques for the treatment of dairy wastewaters. Finally, the results demonstrated the technical feasibility of electrocoagulation process using aluminum electrodes as a reliable technique for removal of pollutants from dairy wastewaters.

Total Bacterial Count in Soft-Frozen Dairy Products by Impedance Biosensor System

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1270-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Grossi ◽  
Anna Pompei ◽  
Massimo Lanzoni ◽  
Roberto Lazzarini ◽  
Diego Matteuzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Biosensor System

scholarly journals Impact of policy-induced structural change on milk quality: evidence from the Flemish dairy sector

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Van der Straeten ◽  
Jeroen Buysse ◽  
Guido Van Huylenbroeck ◽  
Ludwig Lauwers
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Exchange Policy ◽  
The Impact

This paper uses a Markov chain model to analyse the dynamics in farm-size distribution among the Flemish dairy sector and the impact of quota policy regulation on such changes. The model predicts a decline of 24% in number of farms in 2014 compared with the current situation with a more liberal exchange policy and a decline of 18% with a restricted quota exchange policy. From these Markov chain model results, we analysed the impact of farm-size distribution on eight different milk quality parameters (total bacterial count, somatic cell count, coliform count, freezing point, urea-N, fat content and protein content and penalty-points). In general, larger farms produce higher quality milk than smaller farms, especially with respect to the microbiological parameters (total bacterial count, somatic cell count and coliform count). The change in farm-size distribution from a liberal quota exchange policy would decrease the average total bacterial count by 18·0%, the somatic cell count by 2·1% and the coliform count by 11·0%. The aggregate performance of the other parameters are smaller with improvements in all cases of <1%.

scholarly journals Process Parameter Optimization for Abrasive Water Jet Machining of Titanium Alloy Using Meta-Heuristic Algorithms

2018 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Vishal S Sharma ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Munish Kumar Gupta ◽  
Neeraj Bhanot
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Heuristic Algorithms ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Abrasive Water Jet ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Abrasive Water Jet Machining ◽  
Industrial Sectors

Recently, the trend of optimization algorithms for improvements of surface quality and productivity characteristics in abrasive water jet machining of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V alloy) has become increasingly more widespread in various industrial sectors i.e., aircraft and automobile Industries. Here, the present research attempts to select the ideal or best AWJM process parameters by implementing the well known meta-heuristic algorithm i.e., Teacher learning based optimization method (TLBO). The AWJM experiments as per the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array were performed on Ti 6Al-4V titanium alloy by considering jet transverse speed, stand-off distance and abrasive flow as the input parameters. Then, the influence of process parameters on surface roughness and material removal rate has been performed by means plot and ANOVA analysis. After that, the results are optimized with the TLBO method. The overall results indicate that the TLBO method is an efficient method used to find the optimal results with very short interval of time i.e., within 3 sec.

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