scholarly journals Microbiological Pollution Level and Seasonal Variations in Physicochemical Parameters of the River Buriganga, Dhaka

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Karim ◽  
Rehena Nasrin Happy ◽  
Md Saifur Rasul ◽  
Sirajul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
River System ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Urban Sewage

The Buriganga is one of the highly polluted rivers in Bangladesh. Most of the industries and factories of Dhaka are situated on the banks of the river Buriganga or very close to the river system. Substantial part of urban sewage of the Dhaka city is also disposed in the river Buriganga. The study was conducted to determine the pollution level of water of river Buriganga. Field investigation was started from May 2010 and sample collection was conducted in different seasons up to June 2011. Various water quality parameters such as pH, DO, BOD, COD, TDS, Conductivity, Alkalinity, NO2 --N, NO3 --N, NH4+-N and PO4 -, were determined for water of each sampling points to monitor the level of these parameters where it exceeds or remain within the permissible limit. DO concentration of water of river Buriganga was very low ranging between 0.04 and 2.25 mg/l. The aerobic heterotrophic bacterial count ranged between 1.0 × 107 and 2.0 × 108 cfu/100 ml. The highest count of enteric bacteria was noticed during the autumn that was 2.0 × 105 cfu/100 ml. BOD and COD values along with the presence of different species of bacteria clearly indicated that the water of the river Buriganga is highly polluted with the organic, chemical and bacterial pollutants.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 29, Number 1, June 2012, pp 11-15

scholarly journals Bacterial load and chemical pollution level of the River Buriganga, Dhaka, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihir Lal Saha ◽  
Mahbubar Rahman Khan ◽  
Mohammad Ali ◽  
Sirajul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Gram Negative

The River Buriganga is the life line of the Dhaka city and flanked in its southern side. The aerobic heterotrophic bacterial count of the River Buriganga was found to be in the range of 1.0 × 105 to 42.0 × 105cfu/ml while enteric bacterial counts on SS agar and MacConkey agar were 0.1 × 104 to 39.0 × 104cfu/ml and 0.3 × 103 to 3.5 × 104cfu/ml samples, respectively. Out of 74 isolates, 5 Gram-positive (22%) and 18 Gram-negative (78%) bacteria were randomly selected for detailed study. Bacillus was the dominant among the Gram-positive bacteria. Eighteen Gram-negative enteric isolates belonged to the genera Enterobacter (E. amnigenus and E. intermedium (44%), Alcaligenes (28%), Salmonella (17%), Escherichia (5.6%) and Plesiomonas) (5.6%). The NO3 -- N, NO2 -- N and phosphorus concentrations were found to be below the safety level from pollution point of view. BOD and COD values along with the presence of different bacteria clearly indicated that the River Buriganga was polluted with the organic, chemical and bacterial pollutants. Key words: Bacteria; Buriganga River; Enteric bacteria; Pollution; Bangladesh DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v38i1.5128 Bangladesh J. Bot. 38(1): 87-91, 2009 (June)

scholarly journals Bacterial and chemical pollution level of the river Turag, Gazipur, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mihir Lal Saha ◽  
Md Atiq Mahbub ◽  
Tahsin Khan ◽  
M Moniruzzaman ◽  
Sirajul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sulphate Chloride ◽  
Brochothrix Thermosphacta

The river Turag is the upper tributary of the river Buriganga in Bangladesh. Aerobic heterotrophic bacterial count of the river in nutrient agar (NA) and peptone yeast extract glucose (PYG) agar media ranged from 2.91 × 105 to 27.5 × 105 cfu/ml and from 1.09 × 105 to 19.3 × 105 cfu/ml, respectively. Enteric and related bacterial count on MacConkey agar was between 0.88 × 103 and 20.8 × 103 cfu/ml. Out of 91 isolated bacterial isolates, 30 were selected based on their distinctive colony morphology for detailed study. Among these, 16 were Grampositive (53%) and 14 were Gram-negative (47%). Bacillus was dominant among the Gram-positive isolates (69%). The remaining were Brochothrix thermosphacta (6%), Caryophanon sp. (19%) and Renibacterium salmoninarum (6%). Fourteen Gram-negative, enteric and related isolates were identified as Plesiomonas shigelloides (43%), Alcaligenes denitrificans (22%), E. coli (14%), Proteus (14%) and Citrobacter freundii (7%). Biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values were about 9 and 5-fold higher than standard values whereas dissolved oxygen (DO) of the river was found to be six times less than the standard value. The maximum average TDS, conductivity and turbidity was recorded during the summer season as 441.75 ± 15.52 mg/l, 858.25 ± 19.57 μS/cm and 79.53 ± 6.49 NTU, respectively. Chemical contents viz. sulphate, chloride and fluoride were found to be satisfactory from pollution point of view. Both BOD and COD values along with the abundance of different heterotrophic and enteric bacteria clearly indicated that the river Turag was polluted with organic, chemical and bacterial pollutants. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 26(1): 1-11, 2017 (January)

scholarly journals Study on Temporal Variation of Physico-chemical Parameters of Buriganga River Water through GIS (Geographical Information System) Technology

1970 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Moniruzzaman ◽  
Syed Fasle Elahi ◽  
Md Abu Anis Jahangir
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Buriganga River

Now a days, Buriganga is one of the most polluted rivers in Bangladesh. Most of the industries and factories of Dhaka are situated on the banks of the Buriganga or very close to the river system. Substantial part of urban sewage of the Dhaka city is also thrown in the Buriganga river. A study was conducted to determine the pollution level of water of Buriganga river. Field investigation was started from June 2004 and Sample collection was conducted six times at an interval of two months up to April, 2005. Different water quality parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, DO, Cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+,NH4+) and anions (HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, PO43-, NO3-) were examined for water of each sampling points to monitor the level of these parameters where it exceed or within the permissible limit. Present investigation suggested that, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration of water of Buriganga river was very low particularly in dry season (2-3 mg/l). Ammonium (NH4+) and Nitrate (NO3-) concentration near Hazaribagh, Sadarghat, Zinzira, Lalbagh, Kotouali and Shutrapur area were very high, which crossed the maximum permissible limit. In dry season the level of pollution was much high than in wet season. That indicates the water of Buriganga was not safe for drinking purposes, irrigation, fisheries, recreational activities and various industrial uses for most of the times of year. Key words: Buriganga river, GIS technology, Temporal variation DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i3.4406 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(3), 327-334, 2009

scholarly journals A comparative study of water quality in the peripheral rivers of Dhaka city

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kamrul Hasan ◽  
Md Khalid Hasan ◽  
Anwar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Seasons

This study examined the present status of surface water pollution and a comparison of the quality of water in different seasons at different locations of the major river, around the Dhaka City. Field investigation was started from January, 2011 and sample collection was conducted six times at an interval of two months up to December, 2011. The observed value of different water quality parameters such as pH, DO, BOD, COD and TDS were compared with the standards recommended by Department of Environment (DoE), Bangladesh and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). A simple ANOVA and Box-Cox study was also conducted to detect the variation of water quality in the major rivers. The study revealed that during the dry season especially in the months of December to February (winter), the higher values of parameters with respect to the acceptable limits of DoE and USEPA standard indicate the pollution of the river water samples and make the water unsuitable for various uses. Comparisons of abundance values demonstrated high significant difference (p < 0.05) between the mean concentrations of respective parameters except pH at different locations in water source types. Water quality in Hagaribagh of Buriganga river and the Tongi railway bridge stations of Tongi khal was significantly more common polluted area than any other sites of selected water sources as the largest amounts of toxic chemicals are released here by the tannery and dyeing industries without any treatment. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 22(2): 145-154, 2013 (July)

Occurrence of Enteric Bacteria and Viruses in Oysters

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK D. SOBSEY ◽  
CAMERON R. HACKNEY ◽  
ROBERT J. CARRICK ◽  
BIBEK RAY ◽  
MARVIN L. SPECK
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Closed Area ◽  
Vibrio Parahemolyticus

Enteric bacteria and virus levels were determined in oysters from paired stations that were opened or closed for commercial shellfishing on the basis of total coliform levels in the water. Six pairs of stations were sampled quarterly over a 1-year period. Enteric viruses were found in 3 of 24 50-g oyster samples from closed areas and in none of 23 samples from open areas. Salmonella was found in 2 of 47 samples of 40 g each, one from an open and the other from a closed area. Although enteric pathogens of fecal origin were found only in oysters that exceeded the recommended market limit of 230 fecal coliforms per 100 g of meat, the fecal coliform levels in some virus-positive samples were much lower than those in Salmonella-positive samples. Vibrio parahemolyticus levels were similar in oysters from both open and closed beds, indicating no particular association with fecal pollution. However, there was a marked seasonal variation in V. parahemolyticus levels. Total but not fecal coliform levels in oysters from open beds correlated with the occurrence of rainfall 1 or 2 days before sample collection. Neither total nor fecal coliform levels in oysters from closed beds correlated with rainfall. These findings suggest that fecal coliforms levels in oysters are less influenced by rainfall than are total coliforms, and therefore may be a more specific indicator of recent fecal pollution.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Recommended Water Sample Collection Methods and the Impact of Holding Time on Legionella Recovery and Variability from Healthcare Building Water Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1770
Author(s):  
Marisa B. Hirsh ◽  
Julianne L. Baron ◽  
Sue M. Mietzner ◽  
John D. Rihs ◽  
Mohamed H. Yassin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hold Time ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
The Impact

Water safety and management programs (WSMP) utilize field measurements to evaluate control limits and monitor water quality parameters including Legionella presence. This monitoring is important to verify that the plan is being implemented properly. However, once it has been determined when and how to sample for Legionella, it is important to choose appropriate collection and processing methods. We sought to compare processing immediate and flushed samples, filtration of different volumes collected, and sample hold times. Hot water samples were collected immediately and after a 2-min flush. These samples were plated directly and after filtration of either 100 mL, 200 mL, or 1 L. Additionally, unflushed samples were collected and processed immediately and after 1, 24, and 48 h of hold time. We found that flushed samples had significant reductions in Legionella counts compared to immediate samples. Processing 100 mL of that immediate sample both directly and after filter concentration yielded the highest concentration and percent sample positivity, respectively. We also show that there was no difference in culture values from time 0 compared to hold times of 1 h and 24 h. At 48 h, there were slightly fewer Legionella recovered than at time 0. However, Legionella counts were so variable based on sampling location and date that this hold time effect was minimal. The interpretation of Legionella culture results depends on the sample collection and processing methods used, as these can have a huge impact on the success of sampling and the validation of control measures.

scholarly journals Status of the Indus River dolphin Platanista minor

Oryx ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall R. Reeves ◽  
Abdul Aleem Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
River System ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Indus River ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Urban Sewage ◽  
The Face

The endemic freshwater dolphins in the Indus River system of Pakistan, Platanista minor, have been considered endangered since the early 1970s. Measures taken to protect them from deliberate capture seem to have stopped a rapid decline, and combined counts in Sindh and Punjab provinces since the early 1980s suggest a total population of at least a few hundred animals. Severe problems remain, however. In addition to the risks inherent to any species with an effective population size in the low hundreds (at most), these dolphins are subject to long-term threats associated with living in an artificially controlled waterway used intensively by humans. Irrigation barrages partition the aggregate population into discrete subpopulations for much of the year. Dolphins that ‘escape’ during the flood season into irrigation canals or into reaches downstream of barrages where winter water levels are low have little chance of survival. A few dolphins probably die each year after being caught in fishing nets. Pollution by untreated urban sewage, agricultural runoff and industrial effluent threatens the health of the entire Indus system. The future of this dolphin species depends on Pakistan's commitment to protecting biological diversity in the face of escalating human demands on dwindling resources.

Laboratory testing protocol to identify critical factors in bacterial compliance monitoring

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
M. Abbaszadegan ◽  
P. Ghatpande ◽  
J. Brereton ◽  
A. Alum ◽  
R. Narasimhan
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
The Other ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Service Line ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Representative Sampling

This research focused on providing guidelines for water utilities on the collection and handling of routine bacteriological samples and in developing scientifically-based approaches in selecting the most representative sampling locations. A laboratory-scale pilot distribution system was designed comprising two parallel loops, one using unlined cast-iron pipe and one using PVC pipe. Each loop contained six sampling ports, including (1) a distribution main dead end faucet, (2) one long (5.5 m; 18 feet) and (3) one short (0.3 m; 1 foot) household copper service line with threaded hose-bibb taps, (4) one hose-bibb with welded faucet, (5) one dedicated sampling port (modeled after a manufacturer’s specifications) and (6) one laboratory-style (PVC) stop-cock sampling port. Residual chlorine concentrations were maintained at 0, 0.5, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/L stages during the course of the experiment. Bacterial samples were collected from the different sampling ports and assayed by membrane filtration and/or spread plate. Nutrient and R2A agars were used for heterotrophic plate counts (HPC), m-Endo agar for total coliform (TC) counts and Chromocult agar for injured bacterial analyses. Several methods of sample collection were tested using various combinations of flushing and tap disinfection, including “first flush” (no flushing, without tap disinfection), flushing only, tap disinfection only (using alcohol or hypochlorite solution) and flushing coupled with tap disinfection. The results indicated that the bacterial counts in samples drawn from dead ends were not significantly different from counts in samples from the other sample port configurations. First flush samples consistently produced the highest bacterial count results. Bacterial counts in samples from the long household copper service line were typically three orders of magnitude higher than in samples from the other sample ports. Thus, there is evidence that long copper household service connections may be unsuitable sample tap configurations for collecting samples intended to represent microbial quality in the distribution system.

scholarly journals Detection of enteric bacteria in the popular street food chotpoti in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Zakiul Hassan ◽  
Md Saiful Islam ◽  
Md Salauddin ◽  
Abu Hena Abid Zafor ◽  
Meghan L Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Food Borne Illness ◽  
Colonial Morphology ◽  
Study Sites

Contaminated street food has been linked to food-borne illness and food-borne outbreak. Chotpoti is a popular street food in Bangladesh. This study was conducted to identify enteric bacteria in chotpoti sold in different parts of the capital city Dhaka. From July to October, 2012 we purposively selected 18 sites where chotpoti was sold in Dhaka city. From each site we randomly selected six chotpoti stalls for sample collection. At each stall we aseptically collected approximately 100 gm of a combined sample of chotpoti, chili sauce and water used for cleaning utensils. The combined sample was homogenized and was serially diluted in a sterile test tube with normal saline to obtain a dilution up to 10-5. From each test tube 0.1 ml of dilution was plated on to MacConkey and Blood agar plates under aerobic conditions at 37?C for 24 to 48 hours. Bacterial growth was identified by the colonial morphology, Gram stain, and biochemical tests. Of the 108 samples we analyzed, 84 (78%) were contaminated with bacterial pathogens. Among isolated organisms Acinetobacter (66%) was the most dominant followed by Klebsiella spp. (54%), E. coli (3%) and Proteus spp. (0.9%). Two different organisms were present in 47 (44%) samples. In half of the study sites, every sample was contaminated; in only one site bacterial contamination was absent in all samples. Contaminated street food like chotpoti may cause food borne illness and pose risk of food borne epidemics. Further studies are required for quantitative assessment of pathogens to detect potential sources of contamination and to develop interventions that can effectively reduce street food contamination.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 596-602

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