scholarly journals Cytotoxic Compounds Derived from Marine Algicolous and Spongicolous Endophytic Fungi: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-265
Author(s):  
Nadia Tasnim Ahmed ◽  
Sadia Noor ◽  
Md Mustafizur Rahman ◽  
Md Abdul Mazid
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cytotoxic Compounds ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Functionally Diverse ◽  
Antimicrobial Metabolites

Endophytes have gained particular interest in the search of potential pharmaceutical candidates for a long time due to their diversity, species richness and bioprospecting nature. They generally produce the essential metabolites for their expansion inside the plant which is involved in various biotransformation processes of utilizing host nutrients and cell components to continue microbial growth, sustenance, and reproduction. In above processes, they produce a huge amount of both structurally and functionally diverse secondary metabolites for maintaining an effective symbiosis with hosts. These compounds are proven to have significant bioactive properties like antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, antitumor activities. Despite the proven significance, a little is exploited so far about endophytes. Particularly marine fungal endophytes which are the centre of attention in this review have gained much less importance. Due to unique environmental feature, fungal endophytes derived from marine environment offer vast diversity in different bioactive secondary metabolites. This review has focused on algicolous endophytes and bioactive secondary metabolites discovered during the last two decades. Particular importance has been given to cytotoxic and antimicrobial metabolites. Due to intensive studies during last several years, an extensive number of publications are now available on cytotoxic compounds derived from endophytic fungi of marine algicolous and spongicolous origin that have been summarized in this review. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(2): 247-265, 2021 (December)

scholarly journals Bioactive Secondary Metabolites Produced by the Fungal Endophytes of Conifers

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea A. Stierle ◽  
Donald B. Stierle
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Human Cancer Cell ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites

This is a review of bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from conifer-associated endophytic fungi from 1990-2014. This includes compounds with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity towards human cancer cell lines, and activity against either plant pathogens or plant insect pests. Compounds that were originally reported without associated activity were included if other studies ascribed activity to these compounds. Compounds were not included if they were exclusively phytotoxic or if they were isolated from active extracts but were not determined to be the active component of that extract.

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Endophytic Fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1836-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Ancheeva ◽  
Georgios Daletos ◽  
Peter Proksch
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Fungal Genes

Background: Endophytes represent a complex community of microorganisms colonizing asymptomatically internal tissues of higher plants. Several reports have shown that endophytes enhance the fitness of their host plants by direct production of bioactive secondary metabolites, which are involved in protecting the host against herbivores and pathogenic microbes. In addition, it is increasingly apparent that endophytes are able to biosynthesize medicinally important “phytochemicals”, originally believed to be produced only by their host plants. Objective: The present review provides an overview of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi with pronounced biological activities covering the literature between 2010 and 2017. Special focus is given on studies aiming at exploration of the mode of action of these metabolites towards the discovery of leads from endophytic fungi. Moreover, this review critically evaluates the potential of endophytic fungi as alternative sources of bioactive “plant metabolites”. Results: Over the past few years, several promising lead structures from endophytic fungi have been described in the literature. In this review, 65 metabolites are outlined with pronounced biological activities, primarily as antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents. Some of these metabolites have shown to be highly selective or to possess novel mechanisms of action, which hold great promises as potential drug candidates. Conclusion: Endophytes represent an inexhaustible reservoir of pharmacologically important compounds. Moreover, endophytic fungi could be exploited for the sustainable production of bioactive “plant metabolites” in the future. Towards this aim, further insights into the dynamic endophyte - host plant interactions and origin of endophytic fungal genes would be of utmost importance.

scholarly journals Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungi Nigrospora oryzae

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1016
Author(s):  
Antonius Rolling Basa Ola ◽  
Titus Lapailaka ◽  
Hermania Em Wogo ◽  
Julinda Bendalina Dengga Henuk ◽  
Agnes Simamora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Chemical Investigation ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Nigrospora Oryzae

Mangrove forest has a distinctive habitat adapting with marine and terrestrial environment. Chemical investigation of the extract from mangrove endophytic fungi Nigrospora oryzae had resulted in the isolation of sterigmatocystin (1) and pestalopyrone (2). The structure of sterigmatocystin (1) and pestalopyrone (2) were elucidated using mass, UV and NMR spectrometers together with the comparison with the literature data. The study also showed that sterigmatocystin displayed moderate cytotoxicity but it could be further developed as antiviral and antibacterial agent based on the SAR information reported from its analogue and derivatives.

scholarly journals Evaluation of endophytic fungal fractions of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. Nees leaves for in vitro free radical scavenging and hepatoprotective activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Smita Kishor Puri ◽  
Prasanna Vasantrao Habbu ◽  
Preeti Venkatrao Kulkarni ◽  
Venkatrao Hanumanthrao Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Rdna Sequencing

Fungal endophytes are the microbes residing in internal tissues of the plant forming symbiotic, mutualistic, communalistic and trophobiotic relationship. Endophytes from medicinal plants are considered as essential source of secondary metabolites accompanied by interesting biological/pharmacological activities. In this study, an effort was made to isolate, characterize endophytic fungi from leaves of Andrographis paniculata and to screen the fungal fractions for in-vitro antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. Two fungal endophytes (APLF-1 and APLF-2) from Andrographis paniculata were isolated and fermented to get chloroform (A1C, A2C), ethyl acetate (A1EA, A2EA) and n butanol (A1nB, A2nB) extracts. All the endophytic fractions of APLF-1 and APLF-2 were assayed for free radical scavenging properties against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical and reducing power. Fractions of APLF-2 showed good scavenging activity compared to APLF-1 extracts. Further, A2EA and A2nB were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity. A2EA (50 mg/kg &100 mg/kg) and A2nB (50 mg/kg &100 mg/kg) reversed the elevated biochemical parameters with respect to CCl4 treated group (p<0.001). The LPO, SOD and CAT levels were also restored by A2EA and A2nB (100 mg/kg p.o). APLF-1 and APLF-2 were studied for rDNA sequencing by PCR technique. The endophytic fungi, APLF-1 and APLF-2 were identified as Diaporthe sp. A25 and Preussia sp. PPV3.6 respectively based on their morphology and molecular characterization. The presence of polyvalent secondary metabolites in A2EA and A2nB were confirmed by HPTLC analysis. Keyword: Endophytic fungi; Hepatoprotective; Antioxidant; Andrographis paniculata; Diaporthe sp. A25; Preussia sp. PPV3.6

scholarly journals Endophytic Fungi from Terminalia Species: A Comprehensive Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufin Marie Kouipou Toghueo ◽  
Fabrice Fekam Boyom
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Insight Into

Endophytic fungi have proven their usefulness for drug discovery, as suggested by the structural complexity and chemical diversity of their secondary metabolites. The diversity and biological activities of endophytic fungi from the Terminalia species have been reported. Therefore, we set out to discuss the influence of seasons, locations, and even the plant species on the diversity of endophytic fungi, as well as their biological activities and secondary metabolites isolated from potent strains. Our investigation reveals that among the 200–250 Terminalia species reported, only thirteen species have been studied so far for their endophytic fungi content. Overall, more than 47 fungi genera have been reported from the Terminalia species, and metabolites produced by some of these fungi exhibited diverse biological activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anticancer, and biocontrol varieties. Moreover, more than 40 compounds with eighteen newly described secondary metabolites were reported; among these, metabolites are the well-known anticancer drugs, a group that includes taxol, antioxidant compounds, isopestacin, and pestacin. This summary of data illustrates the considerable diversity and biological potential of fungal endophytes of the Terminalia species and gives insight into important findings while paving the way for future investigations.

scholarly journals Structurally Uncommon Secondary Metabolites Derived from Endophytic Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Humberto E. Ortega ◽  
Daniel Torres-Mendoza ◽  
Zuleima Caballero E. ◽  
Luis Cubilla-Rios
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Solid Culture ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Structural Classes

Among microorganisms, endophytic fungi are the least studied, but they have attracted attention due to their high biological diversity and ability to produce novel and bioactive secondary metabolites to protect their host plant against biotic and abiotic stress. These compounds belong to different structural classes, such as alkaloids, peptides, terpenoids, polyketides, and steroids, which could present significant biological activities that are useful for pharmacological or medical applications. Recent reviews on endophytic fungi have mainly focused on the production of novel bioactive compounds. Here, we focus on compounds produced by endophytic fungi, reported with uncommon bioactive structures, establishing the neighbor net and diversity of endophytic fungi. The review includes compounds published from January 2015 to December 2020 that were catalogued as unprecedented, rare, uncommon, or possessing novel structural skeletons from more than 39 different genera, with Aspergillus and Penicillium being the most mentioned. They were reported as displaying cytotoxic, antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, or anti-inflammatory activity. The solid culture, using rice as a carbon source, was the most common medium utilized in the fermentation process when this type of compound was isolated.

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