scholarly journals Endophytic Fungi from Terminalia Species: A Comprehensive Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufin Marie Kouipou Toghueo ◽  
Fabrice Fekam Boyom
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Insight Into

Endophytic fungi have proven their usefulness for drug discovery, as suggested by the structural complexity and chemical diversity of their secondary metabolites. The diversity and biological activities of endophytic fungi from the Terminalia species have been reported. Therefore, we set out to discuss the influence of seasons, locations, and even the plant species on the diversity of endophytic fungi, as well as their biological activities and secondary metabolites isolated from potent strains. Our investigation reveals that among the 200–250 Terminalia species reported, only thirteen species have been studied so far for their endophytic fungi content. Overall, more than 47 fungi genera have been reported from the Terminalia species, and metabolites produced by some of these fungi exhibited diverse biological activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anticancer, and biocontrol varieties. Moreover, more than 40 compounds with eighteen newly described secondary metabolites were reported; among these, metabolites are the well-known anticancer drugs, a group that includes taxol, antioxidant compounds, isopestacin, and pestacin. This summary of data illustrates the considerable diversity and biological potential of fungal endophytes of the Terminalia species and gives insight into important findings while paving the way for future investigations.

scholarly journals Secondary Metabolites of the Genus Didemnum: A Comprehensive Review of Chemical Diversity and Pharmacological Properties

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Diaa T. A. Youssef ◽  
Hadeel Almagthali ◽  
Lamiaa A. Shaala ◽  
Eric W. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Geographical Locations

Tunicates (ascidians) are common marine invertebrates that are an exceptionally important source of natural products with biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, including compounds that are used clinically in cancers. Among tunicates, the genus Didemnum is important because it includes the most species, and it belongs to the most speciose family (Didemnidae). The genus Didemnum includes the species D. molle, D. chartaceum, D. albopunctatum, and D. obscurum, as well as others, which are well known for their chemically diverse secondary metabolites. To date, investigators have reported secondary metabolites, usually including bioactivity data, for at least 69 members of the genus Didemnum, leading to isolation of 212 compounds. Many of these compounds exhibit valuable biological activities in assays targeting cancers, bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoans, and the central nervous system. This review highlights compounds isolated from genus Didemnum through December 2019. Chemical diversity, pharmacological activities, geographical locations, and applied chemical methods are described.

Microbial Nanotechnology

2017 ◽  
pp. 102-131
Author(s):  
Vadlapudi Varahalarao ◽  
B.K. Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nanoparticles Synthesis ◽  
Effective Procedures ◽  
Important Branch

Nanoparticles synthesis using microorganisms and others as source has been unexplored and underexploited. The development of green processes for the synthesis of NP is evolving into an important branch of nanotechnology. Fungal endophytes are microorganisms that colonize living, internal tissues of plants without causing any immediate, overtly negative effects, Endophytic fungi are ubiquitous in plant species and are mutualistic to their host, recently, endophytic fungi have been recognized as important sources of a variety of structurally novel active secondary metabolites with anticancer, antimicrobial and other biological activities, Endophytic mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles is gaining more importance owing to its simplicity, rapid rate of synthesis of NP of attractive and diverse morphologies and elimination of elaborate maintenance of cell cultures and ecofriendliness. Presently, the researchers are looking into the development of cost-effective procedures for producing reproducible, stable and biocompatible metal NPs.

The endophytic fungi pestalotiopsis what’s for it and what’s on it?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Waill Elkhateeb
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Unique Chemical ◽  
Economical Losses ◽  
Fungal Genus

Fungi generally and endophytic ones specifically represent future factories and potent biotechnological tools for production of bioactive natural substances, which could extend healthy life of humanity. Pestalotiopsis is a fungal genus that belongs to family; Sporocadaceae, has been known as a promising secondary metabolites producer. However the same fungus showed harmful pathogenicity against different plants causing crops economical losses. This review is to demonstrate secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungi Pestalotiopsis and some of its reported biological activities. Moreover, describing the unique chemical diversity of this fungal genus involved in medical, pharmaceutical, agricultural applications. Also highlight the harmful side of this important fungus.

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Endophytic Fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1836-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Ancheeva ◽  
Georgios Daletos ◽  
Peter Proksch
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Fungal Genes

Background: Endophytes represent a complex community of microorganisms colonizing asymptomatically internal tissues of higher plants. Several reports have shown that endophytes enhance the fitness of their host plants by direct production of bioactive secondary metabolites, which are involved in protecting the host against herbivores and pathogenic microbes. In addition, it is increasingly apparent that endophytes are able to biosynthesize medicinally important “phytochemicals”, originally believed to be produced only by their host plants. Objective: The present review provides an overview of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi with pronounced biological activities covering the literature between 2010 and 2017. Special focus is given on studies aiming at exploration of the mode of action of these metabolites towards the discovery of leads from endophytic fungi. Moreover, this review critically evaluates the potential of endophytic fungi as alternative sources of bioactive “plant metabolites”. Results: Over the past few years, several promising lead structures from endophytic fungi have been described in the literature. In this review, 65 metabolites are outlined with pronounced biological activities, primarily as antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents. Some of these metabolites have shown to be highly selective or to possess novel mechanisms of action, which hold great promises as potential drug candidates. Conclusion: Endophytes represent an inexhaustible reservoir of pharmacologically important compounds. Moreover, endophytic fungi could be exploited for the sustainable production of bioactive “plant metabolites” in the future. Towards this aim, further insights into the dynamic endophyte - host plant interactions and origin of endophytic fungal genes would be of utmost importance.

scholarly journals Chemical Diversity and Biological Activity of Secondary Metabolites from Soft Coral Genus Sinularia since 2013

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Xia Yan ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Xue Leng ◽  
Han Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Coral Genus

Sinularia is one of the conspicuous soft coral species widely distributed in the world’s oceans at a depth of about 12 m. Secondary metabolites from the genus Sinularia show great chemical diversity. More than 700 secondary metabolites have been reported to date, including terpenoids, norterpenoids, steroids/steroidal glycosides, and other types. They showed a broad range of potent biological activities. There were detailed reviews on the terpenoids from Sinularia in 2013, and now, it still plays a vital role in the innovation of lead compounds for drug development. The structures, names, and pharmacological activities of compounds isolated from the genus Sinularia from 2013 to March 2021 are summarized in this review.

scholarly journals Monoterpenes and Sesquiterpenes of Essential Oils from Psidium Species and Their Biological Properties

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 965
Author(s):  
Renan Campos e Silva ◽  
Jamile S. da Costa ◽  
Raphael O. de Figueiredo ◽  
William N. Setzer ◽  
Joyce Kelly R. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
The World ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
Collection Sites

Psidium (Myrtaceae) comprises approximately 266 species, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Psidium taxa have great ecological, economic, and medicinal relevance due to their essential oils’ chemical diversity and biological potential. This review reports 18 Psidium species growing around the world and the chemical and biological properties of their essential oils. Chemically, 110 oil records are reported with significant variability of volatile constituents, according to their seasonality and collection sites. Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes with acyclic (C10 and C15), p-menthane, pinane, bisabolane, germacrane, caryophyllane, cadinane, and aromadendrane skeleton-types, were the primary constituents. The essential oils showed various biological activities, including antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, phytotoxic, larvicidal, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties. This review contributes to the Psidium species rational and economic exploration as natural sources to produce new drugs.

scholarly journals Hunting Bioactive Molecules from the Agave Genus: An Update on Extraction and Biological Potential

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 6789
Author(s):  
Misael Bermúdez-Bazán ◽  
Gustavo Adolfo Castillo-Herrera ◽  
Judith Esmeralda Urias-Silvas ◽  
Antonio Escobedo-Reyes ◽  
Mirna Estarrón-Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Ancient Times

Agaves are plants used in the production of alcoholic beverages and fibers. Ever since ancient times, pre-Hispanic cultures in Mexico have used them in traditional medicine to cure different ailments. Over the years, studies of the active principles responsible for the therapeutic benefits of agaves have increased. Leaves and fibers are the main agro-wastes generated in tequila and mezcal production, while fibers are the main waste product in the textile sector. Different investigations have referred to the agro-waste from agave processing as a source of bioactive molecules called secondary metabolites (SM). Among them, phenols, flavonoids, phytosterols, and saponins have been extracted, identified, and isolated from these plants. The role of these molecules in pest control and the prospect of metabolites with the biological potential to develop novel drugs for chronic and acute diseases represent new opportunities to add value to these agro-wastes. This review aims to update the biological activities and recent applications of the secondary metabolites of the genus Agave.

scholarly journals Chemical Diversity in Species Belonging to Soft Coral Genus Sacrophyton and Its Impact on Biological Activity: A Review

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin A. Elkhawas ◽  
Ahmed M. Elissawy ◽  
Mohamed S. Elnaggar ◽  
Nada M. Mostafa ◽  
Eman Al-Sayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Coral Genus

One of the most widely distributed soft coral species, found especially in shallow waters of the Indo-Pacific region, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and also the Arctic, is genus Sacrophyton. The total number of species belonging to it was estimated to be 40. Sarcophyton species are considered to be a reservoir of bioactive natural metabolites. Secondary metabolites isolated from members belonging to this genus show great chemical diversity. They are rich in terpenoids, in particular, cembranoids diterpenes, tetratepenoids, triterpenoids, and ceramide, in addition to steroids, sesquiterpenes, and fatty acids. They showed a broad range of potent biological activities, such as antitumor, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, antifouling, and anti-inflammatory activity. This review presents all isolated secondary metabolites from species of genera Sacrophyton, as well as their reported biological activities covering a period of about two decades (1998–2019). It deals with 481 metabolites, including 323 diterpenes, 39 biscembranoids, 11 sesquiterpenes, 53 polyoxygenated sterols, and 55 miscellaneous and their pharmacological activities.

scholarly journals Use of Permanent Wall-Deficient Cells as a System for the Discovery of New-to-Nature Metabolites

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1897
Author(s):  
Shraddha Shitut ◽  
Güniz Özer Bergman ◽  
Alexander Kros ◽  
Daniel E. Rozen ◽  
Dennis Claessen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Clusters ◽  
Microbial Cell Factories ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Genome Recombination ◽  
Antibiotic Discovery ◽  
Insight Into

Filamentous actinobacteria are widely used as microbial cell factories to produce valuable secondary metabolites, including the vast majority of clinically relevant antimicrobial compounds. Secondary metabolites are typically encoded by large biosynthetic gene clusters, which allow for a modular approach to generating diverse compounds through recombination. Protoplast fusion is a popular method for whole genome recombination that uses fusion of cells that are transiently wall-deficient. This process has been applied for both inter- and intraspecies recombination. An important limiting step in obtaining diverse recombinants from fused protoplasts is regeneration of the cell wall, because this forces the chromosomes from different parental lines to segregate, thereby preventing further recombination. Recently, several labs have gained insight into wall-deficient bacteria that have the ability to proliferate without their cell wall, known as L-forms. Unlike protoplasts, L-forms can stably maintain multiple chromosomes over many division cycles. Fusion of such L-forms would potentially allow cells to express genes from both parental genomes while also extending the time for recombination, both of which can contribute to an increased chemical diversity. Here, we present a perspective on how L-form fusion has the potential to become a platform for novel compound discovery and may thus help to overcome the antibiotic discovery void.

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