scholarly journals Studies on Selected Metals and other Pollutants in Urban Atmosphere in Dhaka Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Arifur Rahman ◽  
Abdur Rahim ◽  
Nur-E-Alam Siddique ◽  
AM Shafiqul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Size Fraction ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Coarse Fraction ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
World Health ◽  
Suspended Particulates ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
World Health Organization Guideline

The concentration of lead, iron and potassium were determined in suspended particulates matters (SPM) in the atmosphere Dhaka, Bangladesh between January and June, 2008. The sampling areas are Khandakar Mukarram Hossain Biggan Bhaban, University of Dhaka, Tejgaon, Hazaribagh, Uttara and Agargaon new colony. The average concentrations of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 were 68, 43 and 35 ?g m-3, respectively. About 82% particles were from fine fraction (PM2.5) and 18% were from coarse fraction (PM10-2.5), which indicates mechanical processes are one of the main sources for the particulate matters in air of Dhaka. The concentration of lead, iron and potassium were determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) for the size fraction of PM10 with highest concentrations recorded for iron (10.8 ?g/m3) and lowest for lead (0.10 ?g/m3). The average concentration of NOx, O3 and SOx with eight hours sampling were 82.8, 22.5 and 25.5 ?g/m3 respectively. This study revealed that the concentrations of Pb, K, Fe, CO, NOx, O3 and SOx in Dhaka City were higher than the WHO (World Health Organization) guideline values. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 61(1): 41-46, 2013 (January) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v61i1.15094

scholarly journals Public health responses to toxic cyanobacterial blooms: perspectives from the 2016 Florida event

Water Policy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 919-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Metcalf ◽  
Sandra Anne Banack ◽  
James T. Powell ◽  
Fiona J. M. Tymm ◽  
Susan J. Murch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cyanobacterial Bloom ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Lake Okeechobee ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
World Health Organization Guideline

Abstract In June 2016, massive cyanobacterial blooms occurred in the St. Lucie River in Florida, caused by nutrient and cyanobacterial-laden water releases from Lake Okeechobee. We independently collected and analyzed bloom material for cyanotoxin diversity and concentrations. The concentrations of microcystins, potent hepatotoxins, present in the bloom material greatly exceeded World Health Organization Guideline Values for drinking and recreational water. We also detected the neurotoxins anatoxin-a(S) and β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA). The Florida State Governor declared a state of emergency, but many affected aquatic recreational areas in St. Lucie County remained open during the bloom event without adequate hazard notification to citizens. During the bloom event, issues with preparedness, communication, sampling, analysis, closures and contingencies were observed. We suggest better ways that cyanobacterial bloom events can be predicted, managed, and mitigated in the future throughout the world. As similar problems with cyanobacterial bloom frequency and occurrence present worldwide, understanding governmental responses to the 2016 Florida incident can help in the development of effective mitigation and management strategies for future bloom events.

scholarly journals The Toxic Metal Arsenic Contamination of the Coastal Aquifers in the North Coast of Java, Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrisna Adhi Suryono
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
World Health ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
World Health Organization Guideline

Pesatnya perkembangan industri dan aktivitas domestic di daerah pantai utara Jawa mendorong untuk perlunya dilakukan penelitian tentang kemungkinan adanya pencemaran logam Arsen (As) di akifer dangkal kota-kota Jakarta, Semarang dan Surabaya. Sebanyak 30 contoh air dari sumur-sumur yang berasal dari zona pemukiman di daerah pesisir dianalisis kandungan logam As dengan menggunakan teknik Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya kandungan logam As sebesar 59.65 μg L−1 di Jakarta. Rerata dan simpangan baku dari logam As di Jakarta, Semarang and Surabaya adalah 15.47 ± 18.79, 1.25 ± 2.05 and 0.59 ± 0.26 μgL-1. Terdapat korelasi yang nyata antara logam As dan Fe di airtanah. Dari hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat kandungan logam As dan Fe di daerah akifer pantai utara Jawa masih berada di bawah ambang yang dipersyaratkan oleh Indonesian Drinking & Domestic Water Quality Standard for Ground Water and WHO’s (World Health Organization) Guideline Values for Drinking Water, kecuali untuk stasion 5 dan 6 dari Jakarta.Kata kunci: Arsen (As), AAS, akifer pantaiA study was conducted to assess the Arsenic (As) metal contamination of the shallow aquifers in Jakarta, Semarang, and Surabaya city of Java and its relation to the highly developed industrial and domestic activities in the coastal region. Arsen was assayed in the waters of 30 wells throughout the terrestrial cities, in residential zones using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) technique. Analysis of the As level revealed that high As contents were found primarily in Jakarta, to a maximum of 59.65 μg L−1. The mean and standard deviation of As in Jakarta, Semarang and Surabaya were 15.47 ± 18.79, 1.25 ± 2.05 and 0.59 ± 0.26 μgL-1, respectively. The groundwater As concentration shows a correlation with Fe significantly. It was concluded that the levels of As in some investigated 3 Indonesian metropolis cities were below the maximum allowable concentrations of metals recommended by Indonesian Drinking & Domestic Water Quality Standard for Ground Water and WHO’s (World Health Organization)Guideline Values for Drinking Water, except for station 5 and 6 of Jakarta.Keywords: Arsenic (As), AAS, coastal aquifer

A review of the analytical methodology to determine Radium-226 and Radium-228 in drinking waters

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 819-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
World Health ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Spectrometry Technique ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
World Health Organization Guideline

Abstract Radium-228 (228Ra) and Radium-226 (226Ra) isotopes in drinking water are significant from the aspect of radiation protection and human health. In this paper, the three most common preconcentration methods, i.e.coprecipitation, absorption and evaporation, were reviewed with emphasis on routinely measurement techniques. The reviewed measurement techniques include low background γ-spectrometry, α-spectrometry and liquid scintillation counting. The γ-spectrometry technique is the good selection, when the maximum sensitivity is considered. The Environmental Protection Agency guideline has provided the maximum concentration level 0.74 Bq/L for 226Ra and 228Ra. Also, the World Health Organization guideline limit is 1 Bq/L and 0.1 Bq/L for 226Ra and 228Ra, respectively.

scholarly journals Long-Term Assessment of Air Quality and Identification of Aerosol Sources at Setúbal, Portugal

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Viana Silva ◽  
Cristina M. Oliveira ◽  
Nuno Canha ◽  
Ana Isabel Miranda ◽  
Susana Marta Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Health Organization

Understanding air pollution in urban areas is crucial to identify mitigation actions that may improve air quality and, consequently, minimize human exposure to air pollutants and their impact. This study aimed to assess the temporal evolution of the air quality in the city of Setúbal (Portugal) during a time period of 10 years (2003–2012), by evaluating seasonal trends of air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO, NO2 and NOx) measured in nine monitoring stations. In order to identify emission sources of particulate matter, PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 were characterized in two different areas (urban traffic and industrial) in winter and summer and, afterwards, source apportionment was performed by means of Positive Matrix Factorization. Overall, the air quality has been improving over the years with a decreasing trend of air pollutant concentration, with the exception of O3. Despite this improvement, levels of PM10, O3 and nitrogen oxides still do not fully comply with the requirements of European legislation, as well as with the guideline values of the World Health Organization (WHO). The main anthropogenic sources contributing to local PM levels were traffic, industry and wood burning, which should be addressed by specific mitigation measures in order to minimize their impact on the local air quality.

scholarly journals Influence of Meteorology on Fine Particles Concentration in Vitória Metropolitan Region During Wintertime

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Lemker Andreão ◽  
Bruna Tuão Trindade ◽  
Antônio Paula Nascimento ◽  
Neyval Costa Reis Júnior ◽  
Maria de Fátima Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
World Health ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Urban Sites ◽  
World Health Organization Guideline ◽  
Number Of Particles

Abstract Fine particles (PM2.5) are harmful to human health especially during periods of limited dispersion when the concentrations build up. This is a common occurrence in Southern Brazil in the dry season when high-pressure stationary systems inhibit vertical dispersion and reduce wind speed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the PM2.5 concentrations in the Region of Greater Vitória during the winter of 2013, and to assess the influence of the large-scale meteorological circulation on its concentration. An experimental campaign was carried out to determine the mass of PM2.5 at six urban sites and particle number concentration. The average PM2.5 concentrations varied from 9.70 μg m-3 to 14.36 μg m-3 with the average daily maximum reaching 29.35 μg m-3, exceeding the World Health Organization guideline (24-h average: 25 μg m-3). The particle size distribution showed a larger number of particles from 18 to 21 h (local time), indicating that the main vehicular emissions are the main sources. During the winter, rainfall associated with cold fronts were responsible for a decrease in the particulate concentrations. In contrast, the occurrence of high-pressure systems led to an increase in particle concentrations, due to stagnant conditions.

scholarly journals Correction: World Health Organization Guideline Development: An Evaluation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sinclair ◽  
Rachel Isba ◽  
Tamara Kredo ◽  
Babalwa Zani ◽  
Helen Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Guideline Development ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
World Health Organization Guideline

scholarly journals Air Pollution with Asbestos Fibers in Some Heavy Traffic Areas of Baghdad

2021 ◽  
pp. 2143-2152
Author(s):  
Nahla Sh. Ajeel ◽  
Nada A. Fleeh ◽  
Matham A. Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Cellulose Ester ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Asbestos Fibers ◽  
Health Organization

     This research was conducted to measure the levels of asbestos fibers in the air of some dense sites of Baghdad city, which were monitored in autumn 2019. Samples collection was conducted via directing air flow to a mixed cellulose ester membrane filter mounted on an open‑faced filter holder using sniffer with a low flow sampling pump. Air samples were collected from four studied areas selected in some high traffic areas of Baghdad city, two of them were located in Karkh (Al-Bayaa and Al-Shurta tunnel) and two in Rusafa (Al-Jadriya and Al-Meshin complex), then analyzed to determine concentrations of asbestos. Measuring of levels of asbestos fibers on the filters was carried out via using scanning electron microscope SEM together with  an energy dispersive X‑ray system (EDS). The results showed that the lowest level was recorded in Al-Jadriya intersection (0.0352 fiber/ml), while the maximum concentration was in Al-Bayaa (0.156 f/ml). Asbestos average concentration in the ambient air of the four studied areas was 0.0718 f/ml, which exceeded the standards of world health organization (WHO) for air which is equal to 0.0022 f/ml. This may be due to the presence of crowded traffic and the occurrence of industries near the city. Therefore, plans such as management of traffic, changing locations of industrial sites, and products substitution can be effective in minimizing the concentrations of airborne fibers.

scholarly journals Chlorate formation in water distribution systems: a modeling study

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulvio Boano ◽  
Silvia Fiore ◽  
Roberto Revelli
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
World Health ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Physicochemical Features ◽  
Health Organization

Chlorine-based disinfection agents are known to favor the production of disinfection by-products (DBPs), whose concentrations are restricted by international guidelines to ensure a safe consumption of drinking water. Hence, it is important to understand the behavior of DBPs within water distribution networks (WDNs) to avoid users' exposure to concentrations higher than guideline values. The build-up in chlorate concentration resulting from chlorinated disinfectants is here simulated with the EPANET 2.0 software for one benchmark WDN serving about 130,000 inhabitants. Chlorate generation was accounted by means of an empirical model, considering different boundary conditions (physicochemical features of raw water, disinfectant dose). The gathered results indicate that increases in chlorate concentration within the considered WDN are narrow. Chlorate neo-formation in the WDN is, however, strictly related to the initial amount of chlorate released by the water treatment plant, i.e., to the input value in the WDN. If chlorate concentration in treatment plants is kept below 700 μg/L (i.e., World Health Organization guideline), depending on the mixing conditions in tanks, the simulation results referred to the considered WDN show that the DBP build-up within the network is limited (in any case lower than 5–7% of the threshold value).

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