scholarly journals Probiotics and Prebiotics

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Pradip Kumar Dutta ◽  
Arup Dutta ◽  
Md Nazrul Islam ◽  
Pranab Kumar Chowdhury ◽  
Sankar Kumar Ghose
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Colon Cancers ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Food Substrate

Thousands of species of bacteria colonize gut. The number of microbes is ten times that of total human body cells. The intestinal microbiota is not always harmful, sometimes it is beneficial for human health. If the growth and activity of the intestinal microbiota is perturbed, it may lead to various diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, autoimmune diseases, infections, colon cancers, gastric ulcers, cardiovascular disease and obesity. Restoration of the gut microbiota may be done by the use of probiotics (beneficial bacteria). Prebiotics, on the other hand, are the food substrate for probiotics. This review article describes uses and harms of probiotics and prebiotics in the body and their rationale for using in diet. JCMCTA 2012 ; 23 (2): 62-68

scholarly journals Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics: Gut and Beyond

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usha Vyas ◽  
Natarajan Ranganathan
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Colon Cancers ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Human Intestinal Tract

The human intestinal tract has been colonized by thousands of species of bacteria during the coevolution of man and microbes. Gut-borne microbes outnumber the total number of body tissue cells by a factor of ten. Recent metagenomic analysis of the human gut microbiota has revealed the presence of some 3.3 million genes, as compared to the mere 23 thousand genes present in the cells of the tissues in the entire human body. Evidence for various beneficial roles of the intestinal microbiota in human health and disease is expanding rapidly. Perturbation of the intestinal microbiota may lead to chronic diseases such as autoimmune diseases, colon cancers, gastric ulcers, cardiovascular disease, functional bowel diseases, and obesity. Restoration of the gut microbiota may be difficult to accomplish, but the use of probiotics has led to promising results in a large number of well-designed (clinical) studies. Microbiomics has spurred a dramatic increase in scientific, industrial, and public interest in probiotics and prebiotics as possible agents for gut microbiota management and control. Genomics and bioinformatics tools may allow us to establish mechanistic relationships among gut microbiota, health status, and the effects of drugs in the individual. This will hopefully provide perspectives for personalized gut microbiota management.

scholarly journals Implications of the Intestinal Microbiota in Diagnosing the Progression of Diabetes and the Presence of Cardiovascular Complications

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Mihaela Leustean ◽  
Manuela Ciocoiu ◽  
Anca Sava ◽  
Claudia Florida Costea ◽  
Mariana Floria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fecal Transplantation ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

The prevalence of diabetes is steadily rising, and once it occurs, it can cause multiple complications with a negative impact on the whole organism. Complications of diabetes may be macrovascular: such as stroke and ischemic heart disease as well as peripheral vascular and microvascular diseases—retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Key factors that cause cardiovascular disease in people with diabetes include hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, hypertension, autonomic dysfunction, and decreased vascular response capacity. Microbes can be considered a complex endocrine system capable of ensuring the proper functioning of the body but are also responsible for the development of numerous pathologies (diabetes, coronary syndromes, peripheral arterial disease, neoplasia, Alzheimer’s disease, and hepatic steatosis). Changes in the intestinal microbiota may influence the host’s sensitivity to insulin, body weight, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Dysbiosis causes activation of proinflammatory mechanisms, metabolic toxicity, and insulin resistance. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a microbial organic compound generated by the large intestine, and its concentration increases in the blood after ingestion of foods rich in L-carnitine and choline, such as red meat, eggs, and fish. The interest for TMAO in cardiometabolic research has recently emerged, given the preclinical evidence that reveals a link between TMAO, diabetes, and cardiovascular complications. Intestinal microbiota can be modulated by changing one’s lifestyle but also by antibiotic, probiotic, prebiotic, and fecal transplantation. The purpose of this article is to highlight issues related to the involvement of microbiota and trimethylamine N-oxide in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Better appreciation of the interactions between food intake and intestinal floral-mediated metabolism can provide clinical insights into the definition of individuals with diabetic risk and cardiometabolic disease as well as potential therapeutic targets for reducing the risk of progression of the disease.

scholarly journals The Effect of Using New Synbiotics on the Turkey Performance, the Intestinal Microbiota and the Fecal Enzymes Activity in Turkeys Fed Ochratoxin A Contaminated Feed

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Śliżewska ◽  
Paulina Markowiak-Kopeć ◽  
Anna Sip ◽  
Krzysztof Lipiński ◽  
Magdalena Mazur-Kuśnirek
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Feed Supplementation ◽  
Enzymes Activity

The feed supplementation of probiotic microorganisms is a promising method for detoxification of ochratoxin A (OTA) in poultry. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of newly elaborated synbiotics on the turkey performance, the intestinal microbiota and its enzymatic activity in turkeys (0–15 weeks) fed OTA contaminated feed (198.6–462.0 µg/kg) compared to control group (OTA-free feed). The studies determined the composition of intestinal microorganisms by the culture method and the activity of fecal enzymes by spectrophotometry. It was found that OTA had an adverse effect on the body weight, the intestinal microbiota and the fecal enzymes activity in turkeys. On the other hand, synbiotics resulted in an increase in the count of beneficial bacteria while reducing the number of potential pathogens in the digestive tract. Moreover, synbiotics caused an increase in the activity of α-glucosidase and α-galactosidase, while decreasing the activity of potentially harmful fecal enzymes (β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase) in the turkey’s excreta. Results indicate a beneficial effect of elaborated synbiotics on the health of turkeys and a reduction of the negative impact of OTA contaminated feed. These synbiotics can be successfully used as feed additives for turkeys.

scholarly journals Periodontitis, Cardiovascular Disease and Fetuin A: A Triad

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Raima Bashir ◽  
Mervyn Hosein ◽  
Mervyn Hosein ◽  
. Zil-e-Rubab ◽  
Tahir Saghir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fetuin A ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Key Words Periodontitis

Periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases are two most common and related pathologies which may aggravate each other’s pathophysiological impact. Long standing periodontitis leads to a systemic inflammatory response which elicits as well as exacerbates the cardiovascular disease process in the body. Fetuin A is an anti-inflammatory and anti-calcification glycoprotein, the levels of which decrease with ongoing inflammation in the body. Diminished Fetuin A levels due to persistent periodontitis, may promote inflammation and calcification which can predispose to multiple cardiovascular outcomes. Therefore the purpose of this literature review was to critically analyse the studies regarding Fetuin A, periodontal inflammation and cardiovascular diseases and find out a possible relationship between them. The studies published from the year 1976-2020 were reviewed for this article using Google Scholar, Pubmed, Research Gate & Semantic Scholar search engines using key words Periodontitis & Fetuin A, Fetuin A, Alpha-2- Heremans Schmid Glycoprotein, pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, periodontitis and CVD, CVD and Fetuin A, etc. It can hence be concluded from this review article that Fetuin A glycoprotein has a protective effect on the body owing to its anti-inflammatory and anti-calcification properties.  It also advocates that decreased levels of Fetuin A can be used as a potential diagnostic tool to assess the predisposing risk of cardiovascular diseases affected by calcification and inflammatory process in the body.

High Heels sebagai Agensi bagi Tubuh Wanita

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Sunandar Macpal ◽  
Fathianabilla Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
High Heels ◽  
Experience Pain ◽  
Woman's Body

The aims of this paper is to explain the use of high heels as an agency for a woman's body. Agency context refers to pain in the body but pain is perceived as something positive. In this paper, the method used is a literature review by reviewing writings related to the use of high heels. The findings in this paper that women experience body image disturbance or anxiety because they feel themselves are not beautiful or not attractive. The use of high heels, makes women more attractive and more confident, on the other hand the use of high heels actually makes women feel pain and discomfort. However, for the achievement of beauty standards, women voluntarily allow their bodies to experience pain. However, the agency's willingness to beauty standards here is meaningless without filtering and directly accepted. Instead women keep negotiating with themselves so as to make a decision why use high heels.

The intestinal microbiota changes paradigms in irritable bowel syndrome

Infectio ro ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (50) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela-Loredana Popa ◽  
Silvana-Adelina Gheorghe ◽  
Mădălina Preda
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Irritable Bowel

An ayurvedic tablet formulation for ulcer protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Shiva Kumar K ◽  
Purushothaman M ◽  
Soujanya H ◽  
Jagadeeshwari S
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
System A ◽  
The World

Gastric ulcers or the peptic ulcer is the primary disease that affects the gastrointestinal system. A large extent of the population in the world are suffering from the disease, and the age group of people those who suffer from ulcers are 20-55years. Herbs are known to the human beings that are useful in the treatment of diseases, and there are a lot of scientific investigations that prove the pharmacological activity of herbal drugs. Practitioners have been using the herbal material to treat the ulcers successfully, and the same had been reported scientifically. Numerous publications have been made that proves the antiulcer activity of the plants around the world. The tablets were investigated for the antiulcer activity in two doses 200 and 400mg/kg in albino Wistar rats in the artificial ulcer those are induced by the ethanol. The prepared tablets showed a better activity compared to the standard synthetic drug and the marketed ayurvedic formulation. The tablets showed a dose-dependent activity in ulcer prevention and treatment. Many synthetic drugs are available for the ulcer treatment, and the drugs pose the other problems in the body by showing the side effects and some other reactions. This limits the use of synthetic drugs to treat ulcers effectively. Herbs are known to the human beings that are useful in the treatment of diseases, and there are a lot of scientific investigations that prove the pharmacological activity of herbal drugs.

The role of intestinal microbiota in the development of urolithiasis in patients with an irritable bowel syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
I. A. Derkach ◽  
A. E. Dorofeyev ◽  
M. M. Rudenko ◽  
G. A. Dorofeyeva ◽  
Yu. Z. Dynia
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Irritable Bowel

EXPRESSION OF SOME IMMUNOLOGIC MARKERS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF SUSPECTED LYMPHOID LESIONS OF LYMPHOMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Mao Nguyen Van ◽  
Thao Le Thi Thu
Keyword(s):  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Tumour Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunologic Markers ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Poor Differentiation ◽  
Benign Tumours

Background: In practice it was difficult or impossible to have a correct diagnosis for the lymphoid proliferation lesions based on only H.E standard histopathology. In addition to histopathology, the application of immunohistochemistry was indispensable for the definitive diagnosis of the malignant or benign tumours and the origin of the tumour cells as well. Objectives: 1. To describe the gross and microscopic features of the suspected lesions of lymphoma; 2. To asses the expression of some immunologic markers for the diagnosis and classification of the suspected lesions of lymphoma. Materials and Method: Cross-sectional research on 81 patients diagnosed by histopathology as lymphomas or suspected lesions of lymphoma, following with immunohistopathology staining of 6 main markers including LCA, CD3, CD20, Bcl2, CD30 and AE1/3. Results: The most site was lymph node 58.1% which appeared at cervical region 72.3%, then the stomach 14.9% and small intestine 12.4%. The other sites in the body were met with lower frequency. Histopathologically, the most type of the lesions was atypical hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue suspecting the lymphomas 49.4%, lymphomas 34.5%, the other diagnoses were lower including inflammation, poor differentiation carcinoam not excluding the lymphomas, lymphomas differentiating with poor differentiation carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry showed that, LCA, CD3, CD20, Bcl2, CD30 and AE1/3 were all positive depending on such type of tumours. The real lymphomas were 48/81 cases (59.3%), benign ones 35.8% and poor differentiated carcinomas 4.9%. Conclusion: Immunohistochemistry with 6 markers could help to diagnose correctly as benign or malignant lesions, classify and determine the origin of the tumour cells as lymphocytes or epithelial cells diagnosed by histopathology as lymphomas or suspected lesions of lymphomas. Key words: histopathology, immunohistochemistry, lymphomas, poor differentiated carcinomas, hyperplasia, atypicality

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