scholarly journals Characterization of Biofluid-Based Coolant-Mix Produced From Emulsified Groundnut Oils

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
T. A. Yusuf ◽  
O. Orihu ◽  
T. D. Ipilakyaa
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Cutting Fluids ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluids ◽  
Engine Cooling

Coolants are generally heat transfer fluids used as cutting fluids for machining or engine cooling. They are generally mixture of various constituents and their chemistry is responsible for their performance, acceptability and shelf lives. With much known about the merit of agro-based materials, this study proposes the use of bio-waters in coolant-mix as a substitute for ordinary water commonly used as base fluids. Water extract from fermented ground maize (WEFGM) employed as bio-water was emulsified in bio-oils (groundnut oils) to form a complete bio-fluid based for the coolant to which other additives are added to form the test solutions. Replicate samples were formulated with similar standards using deionized WEFGM and deionized water for comparison at 5 and 10%vol of additives. Following various analytical tests, the developed coolant samples have concentration 2.33-2.58mg/L, total dissolved solids 31.2-73.2 g/L, pH 1.85-2.50, specific gravity 1.29-1.31 and viscosity 8.12-11.44 cSt. At both additive concentrations, the biofluid-based samples have proven better in terms of all these properties than water which is generally considered as the most suitable and being currently used as base fluid in most heat transfer applications.

Settling Characteristics of Alumina Nanoparticles in Ethanol-Water Mixtures

2013 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhaib Umer Ilyas ◽  
Rajashekhar Pendyala ◽  
Narahari Marneni
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Alumina Nanoparticles ◽  
Visualization Method ◽  
Nanoparticle Concentration ◽  
Enhanced Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluids ◽  
Sedimentation Behavior ◽  
Settling Characteristics

Nanofluids are considered as promising heat transfer fluids due to enhanced heat transfer ability as compared to the base fluid alone. Knowledge of settling characteristics of nanofluids has great importance towards stability of nanosuspensions. Sedimentation behavior of Alumina nanoparticles due to gravity has been investigated using different proportions of ethanol-water binary mixtures. Nanoparticles of 40 nm and 50 nm are used in this investigation at 23°C. Sediment height with respect to time is measured by visualization method in batch sedimentation. The effect of sonication on the sedimentation behavior is also studied using ultrasonic agitator. The effect of particle diameter, nanoparticle concentration and ethanol-water proportion on sedimentation behavior of nanofluids has been investigated and discussed.

Analysis of nanofluids as a means of thermal conductivity enhancement in heavy machineries

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayush Jain ◽  
Imbesat Hassan Rizvi ◽  
Subrata Kumar Ghosh ◽  
P.S. Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conductivity Enhancement ◽  
Heavy Machinery ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluids ◽  
Experimental Findings

Purpose – Nanofluids exhibit enhanced heat transfer characteristics and are expected to be the future heat transfer fluids particularly the lubricants and transmission fluids used in heavy machinery. For studying the heat transfer behaviour of the nanofluids, precise values of their thermal conductivity are required. For predicting the correct value of thermal conductivity of a nanofluid, mathematical models are necessary. In this paper, the effective thermal conductivity of various nanofluids has been reported by using both experimental and mathematical modelling. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Hamilton and Crosser equation was used for predicting the thermal conductivities of nanofluids, and the obtained values were compared with the experimental findings. Nanofluid studied in this paper are Al2O3 in base fluid water, Al2O3 in base fluid ethylene glycol, CuO in base fluid water, CuO in base fluid ethylene glycol, TiO2 in base fluid ethylene glycol. In addition, studies have been made on nanofluids with CuO and Al2O3 in base fluid SAE 30 particularly for heavy machinery applications. Findings – The study shows that increase in thermal conductivity of the nanofluid with particle concentration is in good agreement with that predicted by Hamilton and Crosser at typical lower concentrations. Research limitations/implications – It has been observed that deviation between experimental and theoretical results increases as the volume concentration of nanoparticles increases. Therefore, the mathematical model cannot be used for predicting thermal conductivity at high concentration values. Originality/value – Studies on nanoparticles with a standard mineral oil as base fluid have not been considered extensively as per the previous literatures available.

Characterization of Temperature Dependence of Interfacial Tension and Viscosity of Nanofluid

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Sohel Murshed ◽  
Nam-Trung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Interfacial Tensions ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Reduced Surface

Investigations on temperature dependence of surface tension, interfacial tension and viscosity a nanofluid are reported in this paper. Experimental results show that nanofluid having TiO2 nanoparticles (15 nm) in deionized water exhibit substantially smaller surface tension and oil-based interfacial tension than those of the base fluid (i.e. deionized water). These surface and interfacial tensions of this nanofluid were found to decrease almost linearly with increasing temperature. The Brownian motion of nanoparticles in base fluid was identified as a possible mechanism for reduced surface and interfacial tensions of nanofluid. The measured effective viscosity of nanofluid was found to be insignificantly higher than that of base fluid and it also decreases with increasing fluid temperature.

Stability of Nanofluids

2013 ◽  
Vol 757 ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hema Setia ◽  
Ritu Gupta ◽  
R.K. Wanchoo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluids ◽  
Fluid Systems ◽  
Agglomeration Of Nanoparticles ◽  
The Stability

It has long been established that a suspension of nanosized solid particles in liquids provide useful advantages in industrial heat transfer fluid systems. Numerous investigations on nanofluids show a significant enhancement in thermal conductivity over the base fluid in which these nanoparticles are dispersed. However, the stability of the suspension is critical in the development and application of these new kind of heat transfer fluids. Rather, high discrepancy in the published data for the same nanoparticles on the physical and thermal characteristics of nanofluids is primarily due to different methods adopted by different researchers to obtain stable nanofluids. Sedimentation and agglomeration of nanoparticles in nanofluids and their dispersion stability has not been well addressed in the literature. Hence, there is a need to establish a standard method of preparation of these nanofluids so as to obtain a unified data which can eventually be utilized for the application of nanofluids. This chapter focuses on the stability of nanofluids prepared via two step process. Different parameters that affect the stability of nanofluids have been discussed. Different techniques that have been used for the evaluation of the stability characteristics of nanofluids have been elucidated.

Hydronic Coil Performance Evaluation With Nanofluids and Conventional Heat Transfer Fluids

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Strandberg ◽  
Debendra K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Finned Tube ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Al2o3 Nanoparticles ◽  
Heat Transfer Medium ◽  
Heating Coil ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluids ◽  
Heating Capacity ◽  
Coil Performance

The performance of hydronic heating coils with nanoparticle enhanced heat transfer fluids (nanofluids) is evaluated and compared with their performance with a conventional heat transfer fluid comprised of 60% ethylene glycol (EG) and 40% water, by mass (60% EG). The nanofluids analyzed are comprised of either CuO or Al2O3 nanoparticles dispersed in the 60% EG solution. The heating coil has a finned tube configuration commonly used in commercial air handling and ventilating systems. Coil performance is modeled using methods that have been previously developed and validated. The methods are modified by incorporating Nusselt number correlations for nanofluids that have been previously documented in the literature. Similarly, correlations for nanoparticle thermophysical properties that have been documented in the literature are employed. The analyses show that heating coil performance may be enhanced considerably by employing these nanofluid solutions as a heat transfer medium. The model predicts a 16.6% increase in coil heating capacity under certain conditions with the 4% Al2O3/60% EG nanofluid, and a 7.4% increase with the 2% CuO/60% EG nanofluid compared with heating capacity with the base fluid. The model predicts that, for a coil with the Al2O3/60% EG nanofluid, liquid pumping power at a given heating output is reduced when compared with a coil with the base fluid.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Containing Nanofluids in the Spark Engine’s Cylinder Head Cooling System

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Alexander Balitskii ◽  
Myroslav Kindrachuk ◽  
Dmytro Volchenko ◽  
Karol F. Abramek ◽  
Olexiy Balitskii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Cylinder Head ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Thermal Conductivity Coefficient ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Engine Cooling ◽  
Head Cooling

The article is devoted to the following issues: boiling of fluid in the cooling jacket of the engine cylinder head; agents that influenced the thermal conductivity coefficient of nanofluids; behavior of nanoparticles and devices with nanoparticles in the engine’s cylinder head cooling system. The permissible temperature level of internal combustion engines is ensured by intensification of heat transfer in cooling systems due to the change of coolants with “light” and “heavy” nanoparticles. It was established that the introduction of “light” nanoparticles of aluminum oxide into the water in a mass concentration of 0.75% led to an increase in its thermal conductivity coefficient by 60% compared to the base fluid at a coolant temperature of 90 °C, which corresponds to the operating temperature of the engine cooling systems. At the indicated temperature, the base fluid has a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.545 W/(m °С), for nanofluid with particles its value was 0.872 . At the same time, a positive change in the parameters of the nanofluid in the engine cooling system was noted: the average movement speed increased from 0.2 to 2.0 m/s; the average temperature is in the range of 60–90 °C; heat flux density 2 × 102–2 × 106 ; heat transfer coefficient 150–1000 . Growth of the thermal conductivity coefficient of the cooling nanofluid was achieved. This increase is determined by the change in the mass concentration of aluminum oxide nanoparticles in the base fluid. This will make it possible to create coolants with such thermophysical characteristics that are required to ensure intensive heat transfer in cooling systems of engines with various capacities.

Modeling of Radiative and Optical Behavior of Nanofluids Based on Multiple and Dependent Scattering Theories

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi S. Prasher ◽  
Patrick E. Phelan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Research Community ◽  
High Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluids ◽  
Scattering Effects ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Optical Behavior

There is a lot of interest in the research community about nanofluids due to their high thermal conductivity and potential applications as heat transfer fluids. In this paper we calculate the optical and radiative properties of nanofluids. Results indicate that the radiative properties of nanofluids can be very different from those of the base fluid, suggesting that these properties can be tailored to satisfy specific applications. Results also suggest that multiple and dependent scattering effects can be very dominant in nanofluids.

Experimental Investigation of Temperature Dependent Thermal Conductivity of Aluminum Oxide and CNT Heat Transfer Fluids

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Calamas ◽  
John Willis ◽  
Zachary Wilkes ◽  
Mosfequr Rahman ◽  
Daniel Dannelley
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluids ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Nanofluids often exhibit superior heat transfer characteristics when compared with conventional heat transfer fluids. The increase in thermal conductivity due to the presence of various nanoparticles was experimentally examined using commercially available equipment that utilizes the two thickness method. The thermal conductivity of 10 and 30 nm aluminum oxide nanoparticles suspended in distilled water at concentrations of 2% and 5% was measured for a temperature range of 15°C to 70°C in increments of 5°C. For a 2% concentration of 10 nm aluminum oxide the experimentally derived thermal conductivity deviated from the theoretical thermal conductivity predicted by Maxwell by an average of 1.55%. The average percent increase in the thermal conductivity of the base fluid due to the presence of 10 nm aluminum oxide nanoparticles was found to be 4.17 and 4.90% for concentrations of 2 and 5% respectively. The presence of 30 nm nanoparticles resulted in a greater discrepancy with the theoretical model developed by Maxwell, regardless of concentration. In addition, the presence of 10 nm aluminum oxide nanoparticles resulted in a greater increase in thermal conductivity when compared with 30 nm aluminum oxide nanoparticles. In addition, the thermal conductivity of a base fluid dispersed with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with an outer diameter ranging from 13–18 nm and a length ranging from 3–30 micrometers (μm) was examined. The presence of a 0.2% concentration of MWNTs resulted in an average increase in thermal conductivity of 0.31%. Unfortunately, there was a large standard deviation in the results for the MWNTs and significant fluctuations with temperature. While this experimental methodology may be sufficient for metal based nanofluid particles it may be undesirable for fluids enhanced by MWNTs.

Microstructural and Thermal Characterization of Diamond Nanofluids

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzin Mashali ◽  
Ethan M. Languri ◽  
Gholamreza Mirshekari ◽  
Jim Davidson ◽  
David Kerns
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluids ◽  
Transmission Electron

Conventional heat transfer fluids such as water, ethylene glycol, and mineral oil, that are used widely in industry suffer from low thermal conductivity. On the other hand, diamond has shown exceptional thermal properties with a thermal conductivity higher than five times of copper and about zero electrical conductivity. To investigate the effectiveness of nanodiamond particles in traditional heat transfer fluids, we study deaggregated ultra-dispersed diamonds (UDD) using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, nanodiamond nanofluids were prepared at different concentrations in deionized (DI) water as the base fluid. Particle size distribution was investigated using TEM and the average particle size have been reported around 6 nm. The thermal conductivity of nanofluids was measured at different concentrations and temperatures. The results indicate up to 15% enhancement in thermal conductivity compared with the base fluid and thermal conductivity increases with temperature and particle loading. The viscosity raise in the samples have been negligible.

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