scholarly journals An Industry Friendly Approach for the Preparation of Magnetic and Electro-Conductive Polyaniline Composite Particles

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Debnath ◽  
H. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Composite Particles ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Pani Composite ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Conductive Polyaniline ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pani Layer

Recently nano-sized conducting polymers have gained ample attention because of their unique properties and promising potentiality in nanomaterials and nanodevices. Among the conducting polymers, polyaniline (PANi) is the most studied conducting polymers because of its low monomer cost, ease of preparation, high conductivity in doped form, excellent environmental stability, controllable physical and electrochemical properties by oxidation and protonation. In this investigation magnetic PANi composite particles were prepared following a novel approach by using citric acid for the first time as dopant, surfactant and solubilizing agent. As synthesized citric acid doped Fe3O4 (magnetite)/PANi nanocomposites have been characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Spectroscopic analyses confirmed the modification of Fe3O4 nanoparticles by PANi layer. The Magnetic susceptibility results revealed the paramagnetic behavior of Fe3O4/PANi nanocomposite particles. The electrical conductivities of Fe3O4/PANi nanocomposites increased up to certain amount of Fe3O4 and decreased thereafter.

Electronic structure studies of conducting polymers by electron energy-loss spectroscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
J. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Conjugated Polymers ◽  
Electron Acceptors ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
New Class ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Conducting polymers comprises a new class of materials achieving electrical conductivities which rival those of the best metals. The parent compounds (conjugated polymers) are quasi-one-dimensional semiconductors. These polymers can be doped by electron acceptors or electron donors. The prototype of these materials is polyacetylene (PA). There are various other conjugated polymers such as polyparaphenylene, polyphenylenevinylene, polypoyrrole or polythiophene. The doped systems, i.e. the conducting polymers, have intersting potential technological applications such as replacement of conventional metals in electronic shielding and antistatic equipment, rechargable batteries, and flexible light emitting diodes.Although these systems have been investigated almost 20 years, the electronic structure of the doped metallic systems is not clear and even the reason for the gap in undoped semiconducting systems is under discussion.

scholarly journals Conducting polymers: a comprehensive review on recent advances in synthesis, properties and applications

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 5659-5697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namsheer K ◽  
Chandra Sekhar Rout
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electrical Property ◽  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Synthesis Properties

Conducting polymers are extensively studied due to their outstanding properties, including tunable electrical property, optical and high mechanical properties, easy synthesis and effortless fabrication and high environmental stability over conventional inorganic materials.

scholarly journals Urban temporary housing environments—from a systematic comparison towards an integrated typology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Stocker ◽  
Gerda Schneider ◽  
Julia Zeilinger ◽  
Gloria Rose ◽  
Doris Damyanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Temporary Housing ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Systematic Comparison ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Environmental Events ◽  
First Time

AbstractHousing plays a central role in everyday life and the fulfillment of human needs. Temporary housing demand can occur due to migration, extreme environmental events or personal decisions, and is expected to increase in the upcoming years. This study aims to create a general understanding of temporary housing. We conducted an integrated comparison of 66 international temporary housing examples via tabulation (table work), in an interdisciplinary manner considering details regarding built structure, open spaces, area, infrastructure, organizational and socio-economic aspects. It is the first time that a systematic comparison via tabulation (based on the approach of Braun-Blanquet) is used to classify temporary housing environments. The process is described in detail. The application of the systematic comparison creates a detailed typology that allows extensions and further differentiations. The types that emerge from the tabulation have specific concepts regarding the structural-spatial organization, technical infrastructure, and organizational matters, among others. The typology was further examined in the context of previous groupings in published literature. This novel approach of analyzing and structuring temporary housing offers a comprehensive perspective that can work as a universal understanding and language for precise communication among different disciplines regarding temporary housing.

scholarly journals A Novel Approach to Fabricate Foam Ceramics from Steel Slag

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yu Zheng ◽  
Xudong Luo ◽  
Jinlong Yang ◽  
Wenlong Huo ◽  
Chi Kang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solid Loading ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Ceramic Foams ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Stability ◽  
First Time

A novel approach is used for fabricating steel slag foam ceramics based on the particle-stabilized foaming method. In this work, steel slag was used as the raw material and propyl gallate (PG) was used as the surface modifier. For the first time, steel slag ceramic foams were successfully fabricated based on particle-stabilized foams. The results show that the stability of the ceramic foams was closely related to the pH value and PG concentration. The porosity and compressive strength could be controlled by changing the solid loading of steel slag and sintering temperature. The porosity of steel slag foam ceramics ranged from 85.6% to 62.53%, and the compressive strength was from 1.74 MPa to 10.42 MPa. The thermal conductivity of steel slag foam ceramics was only 0.067 W (m·K)−1, which shows that it could be used as a thermal insulation material.

scholarly journals Lecture attendance improves success in medical physiology

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enver Ahmet Demir ◽  
Okan Tutuk ◽  
Hatice Dogan ◽  
Duygu Egeli ◽  
Cemil Tumer
Keyword(s):  
Correct Answer ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Correlation Analyses ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Educational Sources ◽  
First Time

The educators have underlined the importance of lecture attendance for decades. Nowadays, students have ample online educational sources, which began a debate on the necessity of in-class lectures. In the present study, we investigated the influence of lecture attendance on the exam success. To this aim, we adopted a novel approach and matched second-year medicine students’ answers in three interim exams with the lectures related to those questions. Thereby, we were able to evaluate if attending lectures increases the chance of giving a correct answer to the exam question generated from the attended lecture. Furthermore, we examined students who had never taken the course before (first-time takers) and students who had failed and repeated the course (repeat takers) separately, since repeat takers may have attended a lecture previously. We found that first-time takers attended more lectures and gained higher total scores than repeat takers. Lecture-matched correct answers were significantly higher for attended lectures than for skipped lectures in all interim exams. Moreover, the correlation analyses revealed that the number of correct answers increases by lecture attendance in both first-time and repeat takers. These results indicate that in-class lectures still should be considered as an essential part of the medical physiology education, even in the internet era.

scholarly journals Towards a better understanding of the origins, chemical composition and aging of oxygenated organic aerosols: case study of a Mediterranean industrialized environment, Marseille

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 7875-7894 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. El Haddad ◽  
B. D'Anna ◽  
B. Temime-Roussel ◽  
M. Nicolas ◽  
A. Boreave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Aerosol Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Statistical Confidence ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Organic Markers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Abstract. As part of the FORMES summer 2008 experiment, an Aerodyne compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (cToF-AMS) was deployed at an urban background site in Marseille to investigate the sources and aging of organic aerosols (OA). France's second largest city and the largest port in the Mediterranean, Marseille, provides a locale that is influenced by significant urban industrialized emissions and an active photochemistry with very high ozone concentrations. Particle mass spectra were analyzed by positive matrix factorization (PMF2) and the results were in very good agreement with previous apportionments obtained using a chemical mass balance (CMB) approach coupled to organic markers and metals (El Haddad et al., 2011a). AMS/PMF2 was able to identify for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the organic aerosol emitted by industrial processes. Even with significant industries in the region, industrial OA was estimated to contribute only ~ 5% of the total OA mass. Both source apportionment techniques suggest that oxygenated OA (OOA) constitutes the major fraction, contributing ~ 80% of OA mass. A novel approach combining AMS/PMF2 data with 14C measurements was applied to identify and quantify the fossil and non-fossil precursors of this fraction and to explicitly assess the related uncertainties. Results show with high statistical confidence that, despite extensive urban and industrial emissions, OOA is overwhelmingly non-fossil, formed via the oxidation of biogenic precursors, including monoterpenes. AMS/PMF2 results strongly suggest that the variability observed in the OOA chemical composition is mainly driven in our case by the aerosol photochemical age. This paper presents the impact of photochemistry on the increase of OOA oxygenation levels, formation of humic-like substances (HULIS) and the evolution of α-pinene SOA (secondary OA) components.

scholarly journals On processes of coloniality and decoloniality of knowledge: notions for analysing the international history of mathematics teaching

ZDM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert Schubring
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Mathematics Teaching ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Local Structures ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe aspiration of this paper is to develop a novel approach towards investigating the socio-political history of mathematics teaching in educational systems. Traditionally, historical studies are confined to just one country, the author’s country. Broader approaches address international developments by confronting and comparing global and local aspects—revealing general patterns and more specific ‘local’ structures and characteristics. Yet, already in antiquity and medieval times, the specific characteristic of mathematics teaching, namely to operate at the crossroads of general education and vocational training, proved to be intimately tied to the functioning of the particular political system. In pre-modern times, however, a truly international pattern emerged for the first time: European powers conquered, occupied and colonised overseas regions. Given that educational systems were emerging at the same time within these states, they often transmitted elements of these structures to their colonies. This phenomenon included mathematics, and the history of its teaching is analysed here as a part of coloniality. It is shown that this was not a uniform process, and the differences between the various colonial powers are discussed. The involvement of mathematics in the process of decolonisation is addressed, as well as its role in the tension between continued coloniality and movements of decoloniality. Finally, the general framework provided for studying socio-political processes connected with establishing mathematics teaching within public educational systems is applied, in order to analyse recent coloniality practices effected by international achievement studies.

Introducing Politics to the Undergraduate A Novel Approach

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Kent Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Science Class ◽  
Formal Study ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

What to teach the first-time student in a political science class? Perhaps more importantly, what to teach the undergraduate whose only experience with political science, and the formal study of politics, will be the introduction they receive in our classes?Owing to the peculiarities of our discipline, the “Introduction to Political Science” class is often just that: a tour through all the major gardens in the discipline, describing to students what is done among scholars and practicioners in the various fields, giving them an overall view of what we do, how we do it, and in the process perhaps making a case for the significance of our discipline, our research, and perhaps even the subject itself — politics.

The Mechanics of the Secondary Flows of Viscoelastic Fluids in Non-Circular Straight Tubes and the Mean Transversal Field in Pulsating Flows

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis A. Siginer ◽  
Mario F. Letelier
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Flow ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Viscoelastic Fluids ◽  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Transversal Field ◽  
Time Domains ◽  
Viscoelastic Liquids ◽  
First Time ◽  
Secondary Flow Field

Abstract A survey of secondary flows of viscoelastic liquids in straight tubes is given including recent work pointing at striking analogies with transversal deformations associated with the simple shearing of solid materials. The importance and implications of secondary flows of viscoelastic fluids in heat transfer enhancement are explored together with the difficulties in detecting weak secondary flows (dilute, weakly viscoelastic solutions) in a laboratory setting. Recent new work by the author and colleagues which explores for the first time the structure of the secondary flow field in the pulsating flow of a constitutively nonlinear simple fluid, whose structure is defined by a series of nested integrals over semi-infinite time domains, in straight tubes of arbitrary cross-sections is summarized. The transversal field arises at the second order of the perturbation of the nonlinear constitutive structure, and is driven by first order terms which define the linearly viscoelastic longitudinal flow in the hierarchy of superposed linear flows stemming from the perturbation of the constitutive structure. Arbitrary conduit contours are obtained through a novel approach to the concept of domain perturbation. Time averaged, mean secondary flow streamline contours are presented for the first time for triangular, square and hexagonal pipes.

A Brief Review on Thermal Behaviour of PANI as Additive in Heat Transfer Fluid

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G.N. Sofiah ◽  
◽  
M. Samykano ◽  
S. Shahabuddin ◽  
K. Kadirgama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Corrosion Property ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Thermal Engineering ◽  
Engineering System ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluids

Since a decade ago, investigation on nanofluids has grown significantly owing to its enhanced thermal properties compared to conventional heat transfer fluids. This engineered nanofluid has been widely used in the thermal engineering system to improve their energy consumption by improving the thermal efficiency of the system. The addition of nano-size particles as additives dispersed in the base fluids proved to significantly either improve or diminish the behaviour of the base fluids. The behaviour of the base fluid highly depends on the properties of the additives material, such as morphology, size, and volume fraction. Among the variety of nanoparticles studied, the conducting polymers have been subject of high interest due to its high environmental stability, good electrical conductivity, antimicrobial, anti-corrosion property and significantly cheap compared to other nanoparticles. As such, the main objective of the present review is to provide an overview of the work performed on thermal properties performance of conducting polymers based nanofluids.

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