Urban temporary housing environments—from a systematic comparison towards an integrated typology

AbstractHousing plays a central role in everyday life and the fulfillment of human needs. Temporary housing demand can occur due to migration, extreme environmental events or personal decisions, and is expected to increase in the upcoming years. This study aims to create a general understanding of temporary housing. We conducted an integrated comparison of 66 international temporary housing examples via tabulation (table work), in an interdisciplinary manner considering details regarding built structure, open spaces, area, infrastructure, organizational and socio-economic aspects. It is the first time that a systematic comparison via tabulation (based on the approach of Braun-Blanquet) is used to classify temporary housing environments. The process is described in detail. The application of the systematic comparison creates a detailed typology that allows extensions and further differentiations. The types that emerge from the tabulation have specific concepts regarding the structural-spatial organization, technical infrastructure, and organizational matters, among others. The typology was further examined in the context of previous groupings in published literature. This novel approach of analyzing and structuring temporary housing offers a comprehensive perspective that can work as a universal understanding and language for precise communication among different disciplines regarding temporary housing.

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A Novel Approach to Fabricate Foam Ceramics from Steel Slag

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2020/4649082 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Yu Zheng ◽

Xudong Luo ◽

Jinlong Yang ◽

Wenlong Huo ◽

Chi Kang

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Ph Value ◽

Steel Slag ◽

Raw Material ◽

Solid Loading ◽

Insulation Material ◽

Ceramic Foams ◽

Novel Approach ◽

The Stability ◽

First Time

A novel approach is used for fabricating steel slag foam ceramics based on the particle-stabilized foaming method. In this work, steel slag was used as the raw material and propyl gallate (PG) was used as the surface modifier. For the first time, steel slag ceramic foams were successfully fabricated based on particle-stabilized foams. The results show that the stability of the ceramic foams was closely related to the pH value and PG concentration. The porosity and compressive strength could be controlled by changing the solid loading of steel slag and sintering temperature. The porosity of steel slag foam ceramics ranged from 85.6% to 62.53%, and the compressive strength was from 1.74 MPa to 10.42 MPa. The thermal conductivity of steel slag foam ceramics was only 0.067 W (m·K)−1, which shows that it could be used as a thermal insulation material.

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Lecture attendance improves success in medical physiology

AJP Advances in Physiology Education ◽

10.1152/advan.00119.2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 599-603 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Enver Ahmet Demir ◽

Okan Tutuk ◽

Hatice Dogan ◽

Duygu Egeli ◽

Cemil Tumer

Keyword(s):

Correct Answer ◽

The Internet ◽

Correlation Analyses ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Second Year ◽

Educational Sources ◽

First Time

The educators have underlined the importance of lecture attendance for decades. Nowadays, students have ample online educational sources, which began a debate on the necessity of in-class lectures. In the present study, we investigated the influence of lecture attendance on the exam success. To this aim, we adopted a novel approach and matched second-year medicine students’ answers in three interim exams with the lectures related to those questions. Thereby, we were able to evaluate if attending lectures increases the chance of giving a correct answer to the exam question generated from the attended lecture. Furthermore, we examined students who had never taken the course before (first-time takers) and students who had failed and repeated the course (repeat takers) separately, since repeat takers may have attended a lecture previously. We found that first-time takers attended more lectures and gained higher total scores than repeat takers. Lecture-matched correct answers were significantly higher for attended lectures than for skipped lectures in all interim exams. Moreover, the correlation analyses revealed that the number of correct answers increases by lecture attendance in both first-time and repeat takers. These results indicate that in-class lectures still should be considered as an essential part of the medical physiology education, even in the internet era.

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Towards a better understanding of the origins, chemical composition and aging of oxygenated organic aerosols: case study of a Mediterranean industrialized environment, Marseille

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-13-7875-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 7875-7894 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

I. El Haddad ◽

B. D'Anna ◽

B. Temime-Roussel ◽

M. Nicolas ◽

A. Boreave ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Organic Aerosols ◽

Industrial Emissions ◽

Aerosol Mass Spectrometer ◽

Statistical Confidence ◽

Aerosol Mass ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Organic Markers ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time

Abstract. As part of the FORMES summer 2008 experiment, an Aerodyne compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (cToF-AMS) was deployed at an urban background site in Marseille to investigate the sources and aging of organic aerosols (OA). France's second largest city and the largest port in the Mediterranean, Marseille, provides a locale that is influenced by significant urban industrialized emissions and an active photochemistry with very high ozone concentrations. Particle mass spectra were analyzed by positive matrix factorization (PMF2) and the results were in very good agreement with previous apportionments obtained using a chemical mass balance (CMB) approach coupled to organic markers and metals (El Haddad et al., 2011a). AMS/PMF2 was able to identify for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the organic aerosol emitted by industrial processes. Even with significant industries in the region, industrial OA was estimated to contribute only ~ 5% of the total OA mass. Both source apportionment techniques suggest that oxygenated OA (OOA) constitutes the major fraction, contributing ~ 80% of OA mass. A novel approach combining AMS/PMF2 data with 14C measurements was applied to identify and quantify the fossil and non-fossil precursors of this fraction and to explicitly assess the related uncertainties. Results show with high statistical confidence that, despite extensive urban and industrial emissions, OOA is overwhelmingly non-fossil, formed via the oxidation of biogenic precursors, including monoterpenes. AMS/PMF2 results strongly suggest that the variability observed in the OOA chemical composition is mainly driven in our case by the aerosol photochemical age. This paper presents the impact of photochemistry on the increase of OOA oxygenation levels, formation of humic-like substances (HULIS) and the evolution of α-pinene SOA (secondary OA) components.

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On processes of coloniality and decoloniality of knowledge: notions for analysing the international history of mathematics teaching

ZDM ◽

10.1007/s11858-021-01261-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gert Schubring

Keyword(s):

General Education ◽

Mathematics Teaching ◽

History Of Mathematics ◽

Educational Systems ◽

Political Processes ◽

Local Structures ◽

Novel Approach ◽

History Of ◽

Global And Local ◽

First Time

AbstractThe aspiration of this paper is to develop a novel approach towards investigating the socio-political history of mathematics teaching in educational systems. Traditionally, historical studies are confined to just one country, the author’s country. Broader approaches address international developments by confronting and comparing global and local aspects—revealing general patterns and more specific ‘local’ structures and characteristics. Yet, already in antiquity and medieval times, the specific characteristic of mathematics teaching, namely to operate at the crossroads of general education and vocational training, proved to be intimately tied to the functioning of the particular political system. In pre-modern times, however, a truly international pattern emerged for the first time: European powers conquered, occupied and colonised overseas regions. Given that educational systems were emerging at the same time within these states, they often transmitted elements of these structures to their colonies. This phenomenon included mathematics, and the history of its teaching is analysed here as a part of coloniality. It is shown that this was not a uniform process, and the differences between the various colonial powers are discussed. The involvement of mathematics in the process of decolonisation is addressed, as well as its role in the tension between continued coloniality and movements of decoloniality. Finally, the general framework provided for studying socio-political processes connected with establishing mathematics teaching within public educational systems is applied, in order to analyse recent coloniality practices effected by international achievement studies.

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Introducing Politics to the Undergraduate A Novel Approach

News for Teachers of Political Science ◽

10.1017/s0197901900004190 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. 10-12

Author(s):

Kent Morrison

Keyword(s):

Political Science ◽

Science Class ◽

Formal Study ◽

Novel Approach ◽

The Subject ◽

First Time

What to teach the first-time student in a political science class? Perhaps more importantly, what to teach the undergraduate whose only experience with political science, and the formal study of politics, will be the introduction they receive in our classes?Owing to the peculiarities of our discipline, the “Introduction to Political Science” class is often just that: a tour through all the major gardens in the discipline, describing to students what is done among scholars and practicioners in the various fields, giving them an overall view of what we do, how we do it, and in the process perhaps making a case for the significance of our discipline, our research, and perhaps even the subject itself — politics.

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The Mechanics of the Secondary Flows of Viscoelastic Fluids in Non-Circular Straight Tubes and the Mean Transversal Field in Pulsating Flows

10.1115/imece2000-1994 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

Dennis A. Siginer ◽

Mario F. Letelier

Keyword(s):

Secondary Flow ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Viscoelastic Fluids ◽

Secondary Flows ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Transversal Field ◽

Time Domains ◽

Viscoelastic Liquids ◽

First Time ◽

Secondary Flow Field

Abstract A survey of secondary flows of viscoelastic liquids in straight tubes is given including recent work pointing at striking analogies with transversal deformations associated with the simple shearing of solid materials. The importance and implications of secondary flows of viscoelastic fluids in heat transfer enhancement are explored together with the difficulties in detecting weak secondary flows (dilute, weakly viscoelastic solutions) in a laboratory setting. Recent new work by the author and colleagues which explores for the first time the structure of the secondary flow field in the pulsating flow of a constitutively nonlinear simple fluid, whose structure is defined by a series of nested integrals over semi-infinite time domains, in straight tubes of arbitrary cross-sections is summarized. The transversal field arises at the second order of the perturbation of the nonlinear constitutive structure, and is driven by first order terms which define the linearly viscoelastic longitudinal flow in the hierarchy of superposed linear flows stemming from the perturbation of the constitutive structure. Arbitrary conduit contours are obtained through a novel approach to the concept of domain perturbation. Time averaged, mean secondary flow streamline contours are presented for the first time for triangular, square and hexagonal pipes.

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HUMAN INTERACTION IN URBAN SPACES: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS IN URBAN PARK, SHAH ALAM CITY, SELANGOR

PLANNING MALAYSIA JOURNAL ◽

10.21837/pmjournal.v16.i6.269 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Filzani Illia Ibrahim ◽

Dasimah Omar ◽

Nik Hanita Nik Mohamad

Keyword(s):

Open Space ◽

Human Interaction ◽

Urban Spaces ◽

Primary Data ◽

Valuable Insight ◽

Mixed Method Research ◽

Public Parks ◽

Open Spaces ◽

Human Needs ◽

Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

This paper aims to provide valuable insight of the various dimensions of human needs’ towards open spaces. This study employed a mixed method research design involving both quantitative and qualitative methods that were utilised to identify and evaluate the human-human interaction and human-nature interaction in the area of study. Primary data was gathered by using questionnaire survey that was administered to 861 respondents who were visitors to public parks. The finding of this study is intended to show the main domains that reflect human needs’ toward open spaces together with perceived benefits to the open space users.

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Gravidographics: A Health Lifestyle Segmentation of Pregnant Women in Transition to First Time Motherhood

10.26686/wgtn.17008555 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Jayne Krisjanous

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Health Behaviour ◽

Survey Design ◽

Life Stage ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Main Research ◽

Health Lifestyle ◽

Novel Approach ◽

First Time ◽

The Way

<p>The purpose of this thesis is to contribute a new health psychographic/ lifestyle segmentation of pregnant women in New Zealand who are in transition to first time motherhood. It provides a better understanding of the make up of the market and the way it aggregates into health lifestyle segments. By using a wide selection of pre-existing and pregnancy related health and attitude dimensions, it complements existing understanding and classifications of pregnancy health lifestyle. First, the study richly describes pregnancy health behaviour within a representative cohort of pregnant women in a transitional lifestyle using a holistic framework. It takes into account lifestyle as made up of a combination of factors and underlying motivations. Furthermore, it establishes the application of 'lifestyle' as it is used in marketing as legitimate for the study of a transitional health lifestyle. The research is cross disciplinary, and for that reason, integrates two perhaps seemingly disparate (marketing and health) understandings of lifestyle, using a somewhat novel approach. It is inclusive of high risk pregnant women and a much less oft studied group, normal, healthy or low risk women. Second, a key component of this study is the seminal development of a segmentation typology that classifies women's health in pregnancy through a situation specific psychographic approach. This typology has been termed 'Gravidographics', and identifies segments of pregnant women, who have distinct or unique identifiers in regard to their pregnancy health lifestyle. This knowledge will be useful for health behaviour change through social marketing and also the design and targeting of products and services to specific groups of pregnant consumers. A third focus of the study is the examination of health lifestyle within the concept of life stage transition. As pregnancy marks the transit into a new life stage, there are many adaptations that need to be made, and several underlying factors influence the way such a journey is approached and achieved. The study is exploratory and the conceptual framework, derived predominantly from the marketing and health literature, guides the study and informs development of the data collection tools. Eight main research questions are explored. The study uses a survey design and is cross sectional, with quantitative enquiry the dominant logic. A survey using a self administered health psychographic questionnaire was distributed by Lead Maternity Carers to pregnant women in their care. A sample of 478 women was obtained for this stage of the study. Quantitative analysis was undertaken through descriptive statistics and bi-variate analyses. Secondly, two step clustering was undertaken to develop pregnancy health lifestyle clusters. Four health lifestyle segments were identified. These segments were then profiled against additional variables and data that led to rich descriptions of each segment. Several managerial recommendations are made that will assist in the delivery and positioning of maternity health goods and services particularly in regard to healthcare marketing and segmentation. Secondly, recommendations for future marketing communication strategies targeting pregnant women are made. Through this work, the study's ultimate aim; making an academic contribution to knowledge that will lead to improved health outcomes for mother and baby, has been achieved.</p>

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A Novel Approach of CT Images Feature Analysis and Prediction to Screen for Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19)

10.20944/preprints202003.0284.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmed Abdullah Farid ◽

Gamal Ibrahim Selim ◽

Hatem Awad A. Khater

Keyword(s):

Feature Extraction ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Real Data ◽

Ct Images ◽

Learning Tools ◽

Corona Virus ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Hybrid Classification ◽

Hybrid Feature Extraction ◽

First Time

The paper demonstrates the analysis of Corona Virus Disease based on a probabilistic model. It involves a technique for classification and prediction by recognizing typical and diagnostically most important CT images features relating to Corona Virus. The main contributions of the research include predicting the probability of recurrences in no recurrence (first time detection) cases at applying our proposed approach for feature extraction. The combination of the conventional statistical and machine learning tools is applied for feature extraction from CT images through four images filters in combination with proposed composite hybrid feature extraction (CHFS). The selected features were classified by the stack hybrid classification system(SHC). Experimental study with real data demonstrates the feasibility and potential of the proposed approach for the said cause.

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Review of the Secondary Flows of Complex Fluids

Volume 2: Symposia, Parts A, B, and C ◽

10.1115/fedsm2003-45327 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Dennis A. Siginer

Keyword(s):

Secondary Flow ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Secondary Flows ◽

Laboratory Setting ◽

Transfer Enhancement ◽

Domain Perturbation ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Viscoelastic Liquids ◽

First Time ◽

Secondary Flow Field

A survey of secondary flows of viscoelastic liquids in straight tubes is given including recent work pointing at striking analogies with transversal deformations associated with the simple shearing of solid materials. The importance and implications of secondary flows of viscoelastic fluids in heat transfer enhancement are explored together with the difficulties in detecting weak secondary flows (dilute, weakly viscoelastic solutions) in a laboratory setting. Recent new work by the author and colleagues which explores for the first time the structure of the secondary flow field in the pulsating flow of a constitutively nonlinear simple fluid in straight tubes of arbitrary cross-sections is summarized. Arbitrary conduit contours are obtained through a novel approach to the concept of domain perturbation. Time averaged, mean secondary flow streamline contours are presented for the first time for triangular, square and hexagonal pipes.

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