scholarly journals Evaluation of kidney status by ultrasonography in canines: an experimental study

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Ditul Barman ◽  
Rajiv V Gaikwad
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Noninvasive Method ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Renal Disorder ◽  
Disease Condition ◽  
Major Organ ◽  
Architectural Detail

Kidney is a major organ for homeostasis of the body's extracellular fluids by maintaining a constant internal environment. By playing such crucial responsibility kidney remains vulnerable for various diseases and disease condition. Other than laboratory findings, application of ultrasonography can be considered as one of the finest diagnostic tool to determine the architectural detail of kidney. To compare the study, we have taken two groups of canine, namely healthy and clinical. The later grouped was screened based on clinical signs, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Serum Creatinine value. Sonography was performed by using Brightness mode instrument for both the groups. The values were analyzed by Prolate Ellipsoid formula to estimate the volume of kidney. There was significant variation in sizes between the kidneys of both the groups. Moreover, the size of the kidneys of few clinical cases, which has been suffering from renal disorder since long, reveals smaller size kidney than the healthy groups. Thus, this noninvasive method is quite practicable to evaluate the size of kidney amongst various renal failure cases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v1i1.22373 Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.1(1): 105-108, Dec 2014

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2/DENV co-infection: a series of cases from the Federal District, Midwestern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Luise Schulte ◽  
José Diego Brito-Sousa ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Guimarães Lacerda ◽  
Luciana Ansaneli Naves ◽  
Eliana Teles de Gois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Since the novel coronavirus disease outbreak, over 179.7 million people have been infected by SARS-CoV-2 worldwide, including the population living in dengue-endemic regions, particularly Latin America and Southeast Asia, raising concern about the impact of possible co-infections. Methods Thirteen SARS-CoV-2/DENV co-infection cases reported in Midwestern Brazil between April and September of 2020 are described. Information was gathered from hospital medical records regarding the most relevant clinical and laboratory findings, diagnostic process, therapeutic interventions, together with clinician-assessed outcomes and follow-up. Results Of the 13 cases, seven patients presented Acute Undifferentiated Febrile Syndrome and six had pre-existing co-morbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension and hypopituitarism. Two patients were pregnant. The most common symptoms and clinical signs reported at first evaluation were myalgia, fever and dyspnea. In six cases, the initial diagnosis was dengue fever, which delayed the diagnosis of concomitant infections. The most frequently applied therapeutic interventions were antibiotics and analgesics. In total, four patients were hospitalized. None of them were transferred to the intensive care unit or died. Clinical improvement was verified in all patients after a maximum of 21 days. Conclusions The cases reported here highlight the challenges in differential diagnosis and the importance of considering concomitant infections, especially to improve clinical management and possible prevention measures. Failure to consider a SARS-CoV-2/DENV co-infection may impact both individual and community levels, especially in endemic areas.

The Role of CO-RADS Scoring System in the Diagnosis of COVID-19 Infection and its Correlation with Clinical Signs

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şenol Çomoğlu ◽  
Sinan Öztürk ◽  
Ahmet Topçu ◽  
Fatma Kulalı ◽  
Aydın Kant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Symptom Duration ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Chronic Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Ct Evaluation ◽  
The Difference

Background: Computed tomography (CT) evaluation systematics has become necessary to eliminate the difference of opinion among radiologists in evaluating COVID-19 CT findings. Introduction: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficiency of CO-RADS scoring system in our patients with COVID-19 as well as to examine its correlation with clinical and laboratory findings. Method: The CO-RADS category of all patients included in the study was determined by a radiologist who did not know the rtRT-PCR test result of the patients, according to the Covid-19 reporting and data system of Mathias Prokop et al. Results: A total of 1338 patients were included. CT findings were positive in 66.3%, with a mean CO-RADS score of 3,4 ± 1,7. 444 (33.1%) of the patients were in the CO-RADS 1-2, 894 (66.9%) were in the CO-RADS 3-5 group. There were positive correlations between CO-RADS score and age, CMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic pulmonary diseases presence of symptoms, symptom duration, presence of cough, shortness of breath, malaise, CRP, and LDH, while CO-RADS score was negatively correlated with lymphocyte count. The results of the ROC analysis suggested that those with age ≥40 years, symptom duration >2 days, CMI score >1 and/or comorbid conditions were more likely to have a CO-RADS score of 3-5. Conclusion: The CO-RADS classification system is a CT findings assessment system that can be used to diagnose COVID-19 in patients with symptoms of cough, shortness of breath, myalgia and fatigue for more than two days.

scholarly journals Brucellosis, Unravelling an Enigma: Eight Years of Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central Kerala, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ardra ◽  
Chithra Valsan ◽  
KA Sathiavathy
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Middle East Countries

Introduction: Various emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases have made the existence of mankind in this world a great challenge. In the midst of these havocs, some important diseases has undermined in the dark. Brucellosis is an endemic zoonotic disease in most of the developing world and it has far-reaching and deleterious effects on humans and animals alike. In humans, brucellosis shows a variety of non-specific clinical signs. To recognise and diagnose this neglected but debilitating disease, the awareness and alertness of medical personnel has to be enhanced. Aim: To determine the prevalence of brucellosis in Tertiary Care Hospital. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from June 2011 to May 2019, all culture proven cases of human brucellosis admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital in central Kerala, India were reviewed. Demographic data, clinical presentations, laboratory parameters, treatment and outcomes of the same were analysed in Microsoft excel sheets as percentages. Results: Of the 12 culture proven Brucella cases, 11 presented as Pyrexia of Unknown Origin (PUO) cases and one was a soft tissue infection. Eleven patients had history of either consumption of unpasteurised milk products or had contact with animals before the symptoms developed. A 75% cases were imported cases from middle-east countries. In one case the route of entry was by close personal contact probably sexual transmission. All the patients complained of fever and malaise (100%), while low backache and arthralgia was noted in 83%. Most common clinical and laboratory findings associated with brucellosis were hepatosplenomegaly (41.7%) and anaemia (66.6%). Oral doxycycline for six weeks combined with either aminoglycoside or rifampicin was used for treatment. There was no death or relapses noted. Conclusion: This study emphasises the close collaboration of an alert clinician and an experienced microbiologist to correctly diagnose and treat an infection with multiple presentations as brucellosis, in endemic areas also.

Dexmedetomidine prolongs the duration of action of mepivacaine on anesthesia of the palmar digital nerves of horses

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Cailey L. Nichols ◽  
Thomas J. Doherty ◽  
James Schumacher ◽  
Philip D. Jones ◽  
Xiaocun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Digital Nerve ◽  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Sensory Blockade ◽  
Perineural Injection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold

Abstract OBJECTIVE To determine whether palmar digital nerve (PDN) blockade in horses with a combination of dexmedetomidine and mepivacaine would block the response to mechanical force applied to the digit longer than would anesthetizing these nerves with mepivacaine alone or dexmedetomidine alone. ANIMALS 8 mares with no signs of lameness. PROCEDURES In a randomized, crossover, blinded, experimental study, both PDNs of the same forelimb of each horse were anesthetized by perineural injection with either 30 mg mepivacaine alone, 250 µg of dexmedetomidine alone, or 30 mg mepivacaine combined with 250 µg of dexmedetomidine. Each horse received each treatment, and treatments were administered ≥ 2 weeks apart. The mechanical nociceptive threshold was measured at a region between the heel bulbs with the use of a digital force gauge before (baseline) and at 15-minute intervals after treatment. RESULTS The mean duration of sensory blockade of the digit was 2-fold longer when a combination of mepivacaine and dexmedetomidine was administered (371 minutes), compared with when mepivacaine alone was administered (186 minutes). Treatment with dexmedetomidine alone did not change the mechanical nociceptive threshold substantially from baseline and resulted in no clinical signs of sedation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that relief from digital pain provided by perineural treatment with mepivacaine for PDN blockade can be extended by adding dexmedetomidine to the injectate.

Clinical and Laboratory Findings in Border Collies with Presumed Hereditary Juvenile Cobalamin Deficiency

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Lutz ◽  
Adrian C. Sewell ◽  
Claudia E. Reusch ◽  
Peter H. Kook
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Methylmalonic Aciduria ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Cobalamin Deficiency ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
High Level

Juvenile cobalamin deficiency is a rare disease in border collies and its diagnosis requires a high level of clinical suspicion. The goal of this study was to increase awareness of this disease by describing the clinical and laboratory findings in four young border collies with inherited cobalamin deficiency. The median age of the dogs was 11.5 mo (range, 8–42 mo), and two of the four dogs were full siblings. Clinical signs included intermittent lethargy (n = 4), poor body condition (n = 4), odynophagia (n = 2), glossitis (n = 1), and bradyarrhythmia (n = 1). Pertinent laboratory abnormalities were mild to moderate normocytic nonregenerative anemia (n = 3), increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity (n = 3), and mild proteinuria (n = 3). All of the dogs had serum cobalamin levels below the detection limit of the assay, marked methylmalonic aciduria, and hyperhomocysteinemia. Full clinical recovery was achieved in all dogs with regular parenteral cobalamin supplementation, and laboratory abnormalities resolved, except the proteinuria and elevated AST activity persisted. This case series demonstrates the diverse clinical picture of primary cobalamin deficiency in border collies. Young border collies presenting with ambiguous clinical signs should be screened for cobalamin deficiency.

Experimental hyperthyroidism in dogs and effect of salivariectomy

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy A. Piatnek ◽  
Robert E. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Thyroid State

A hyperthyroid state was induced and maintained in 17 dogs for 2–10 months by the administration of massive amounts of thyroid hormone. The great tolerance of this species to such large doses was striking. The clinical signs characteristic of hyperthyroidism in other mammals were observed including significantly increased caloric intake, oxygen consumption, heart rate, and body temperature. The laboratory findings included polycythemia, markedly increased levels of protein-bound iodide (PBI), increased turnover rates of l-thyroxine, and a decreased urinary excretion of inorganic iodide. Unlike other species the hyperthyroid dogs did not demonstrate marked reductions in body weight or serum cholesterol. Salivariectomy neither hastened nor enhanced the onset of exogenous hyperthyroidism in the dog. Measurements of the rate of disappearance of I131 l-thyroxine from the plasma and the rate of appearance of radioactive iodide in the urine indicated that the salivary glands in the intact dog are effective sites of deiodination and iodide excretion. This activity, however, is not the sole regulator of the level of circulating thyroid hormone and thus of the thyroid state.

A SEVERITY SCORING SYSTEM FOR OUTCOME PREDICTION IN CATS WITH PANCREATITIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (04) ◽  
pp. 269-275
Author(s):  
Bi-Ling Su ◽  
Shu-Yu Wang ◽  
Pin-Chen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Outcome Prediction ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Severity Scoring ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
The Mean

In order to develop a clinically applicable severity scoring system in cats with pancreatitis, 41 cats diagnosed with pancreatitis and hospitalized between 2011 and 2013 with their complete medical history were selected for analysis. Clinical signs, physical examination findings, laboratory findings, diagnostic imaging results, complications and concurrent diseases were analyzed to evaluate potential prognostic factors and further establish the severity scoring system. The mortality of cats selected in this study due to pancreatitis was 48.8%. Abnormalities in hemoglobin, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, total bilirubin, phosphorous and blood pressure were significantly associated with disease severity and prognosis and were selected for constructing the system. The abnormal range for each variable was further partitioned into quartiles, which were recorded into categorical variables. The weighting factors were calculated from the odds ratios (OR) between each of the quartiles and the normal range category. The area under curve (AUC) of the six continuous variables system at presentation and after rehydration of the cats was 0.873 and 0.976, respectively. The scores of 41 cats after rehydration ranged from 7 to 36 points. The mean score was [Formula: see text], the median 17 points and the mode 32 points. The optimal cut-off point for outcome prediction was 17.5 with a sensitivity of 95.2% and specificity of 95.5%. The mortality was 95% with a [Formula: see text], whereas 4.8 % had a [Formula: see text]. The severity scoring system provides a reliable and clinically applicable method to predict disease severity in cats with pancreatitis.

The cut off of Ferriman Gallwey score for PCOS in Asia and the degree of hyperandrogenism indicator

KnE Medicine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karimah P. ◽  
Hestiantoro A.
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Finding ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Pcos Woman ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic Criterion ◽  
Minimum Score

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To determine the distribution of the Ferriman–Gallwey score in Asia and to study any association between hirsutism and endocrine markers, and also to find the cut off of  F-G score.                                       </p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Hirsutism is the most widely used clinical diagnostic criterion for hyperandrogenism, it is present in approximately 70% of PCOS women. Using the Ferriman- Gallwey (F-G) scoring systems for evaluation of hirsutism, the degrees of hyperandrogenism from different regions are distinct and have different cut off.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital Jakarta in 2015. Reproductive age women who commits with PCOS criteria were included in the study. Clinical data was taken by interview, physical examination and US examination. Patient’s blood was taken for FTI, and testosterone.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data indicated that 32.4% PCOS woman shows clinical signs of hyperandrogenism, with the minimum score of hirsutism 2 and based on laboratory findings 34.3% subjects show high FTI and testosterone level. However not all patient with high androgen level have a high score of hirsutism.                              </p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Clinical and laboratory finding of hyperandrogenism have a correlation to determine the score of Ferriman–Gallwey (F-G). The cut off is lower than European and west countries.</p>

scholarly journals A Patient on Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitors Develops Sudden Seizures and Encephalopathy: An Unusual Presentation of Hypomagnesaemia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirav Y. Gandhi ◽  
Walid K. Sharif ◽  
Sumeet Chadha ◽  
Jayadave Shakher
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Total Vitamin ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Treatment Focus ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Biochemical Abnormalities

Objective. To present an unusual but known cause of hypomagnesaemia induced-hypocalcaemia in a chronic GORD patient with severe symptoms with a review of the current literature.Methods. Analysis of the clinical and laboratory findings of the patient and discussion of the multi-factorial nature of his disease and the underlying mechanisms.Results. Our patient described features of magnesium deficiency such as weakness, muscle twitches, and fits with clinical signs of hypocalcaemia: a carpal pedal spasm and paraesthesia. Preadmission blood results revealed low calcium and magnesium levels. He was admitted to ITU, when he presented with seizures and developed encephalopathy. The total vitamin D level was 52.4 nmol/L (>49.9). His U&Es and LFTs were within the normal range with the exception of potassium. He was on Omeprazole for his GORD. With omission of the PPI 1 day after admission and replacement therapy, his ion levels normalised.Conclusion. Hypomagnesaemia is often undiagnosed and is associated with multiple biochemical abnormalities. Treatment focus should be aimed at stopping the PPI and replacing the magnesium. Over use of PPIs is a problem in practice, with the FDA issuing a warning over long-term use. Continued monitoring and decision making on dose reduction/withdrawal is essential to avoid complications.

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