scholarly journals Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Properties of Capsule Gurmar - A New Anti-diabetic Formulation of Hamdard Laboratories (Waqf) Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirola Afroze ◽  
Mridul Kabiraz ◽  
Robiul Islam ◽  
Abdul Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Metformin Hydrochloride ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Standard Drug

Capsule Gurmar is a new polyherbal Unani formulation developed by the R&D department of Hamdard Laboratories (Waqf) Bangladesh for management and treatment of diabetes. This study was aimed to investigate the chemical constituents and analgesic, antioxidant, neuropharmacological, cytotoxic, and hypoglycemic properties of the formulation using standard methods. Phytochemical tests on the hydromethanolic extract of the contents of the capsules showed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins in the formulation. When tested by acetic acid-induced Writhing test, the extract at higher dose (400mg/kg) showed mild analgesic activity compared to standard drug Diclofenac-Na (10mg/kg). But, by Tail immersion method, the extract at the same dose showed moderate analgesic activity compared to the standard drug, Nalbuphine at 10mg/kg body weight. The Gurmar capsule extract exhibited high total antioxidant capacity (622.326 mg/g) and had high flavonoid (386.43 mg/g) and phenol (184.60 mg/g) contents. In the Hole cross and Open field tests, the extract displayed significant suppression of locomotor activity and exploratory behaviour of the mice. When subjected to Brine shrimp Lethality Bioassay, the extract was found to be significantly toxic to Brine shrimp nauplii (having L50 value of 3.16μg/ml). Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) demonstrated quite strong hypoglycemic activity of the formulation, which significantly lowered the blood glucose level of the treated mice both at doses of 100 mg and 200mg/kg body weight. The hypoglycemic effect was comparable to that of the standard oral hypoglycemic drug, Metformin hydrochloride at the dose of 100mg/kg. These results indicate that Capsule Gurmar possesses mild analgesic, antioxidant, CNS depressant, cytotoxic, and hypoglycemic properties. Key words: capsule Gurmar; chemical constituents; pharmacological properties; hypoglycemic effects. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6794S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 18-27

scholarly journals Analgesic, Antidiarrheal and Antidepressant Activities of Anethum sowa Linn. in Swiss-Albino Mice Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdullah Al Mansur ◽  
M Mahboob Ali Siddiqi ◽  
Koushik Saha
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Anethum Sowa

The hexane (HE), dichloromethane (DCME), ethyl acetate (EAE) and methanol (ME) extracts of seed and stem of Anethum sowa were subjected to screenings for analgesic, anti-diarrheal and anti-depressant activities. The peripheral and central analgesic actions were determined by using formalin-induced writhing test and tail immersion method. The DCME extract of stem, at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight, significantly reduced the number of writhing movements whereas the methanol extract of seed at the same dose exhibited remarkable analgesic activity in tail immersion method. In castor oil induced anti-diarrheal assay, the ethyl acetate extract of stem, at 400 mg/kg body weight, exhibited significant anti-diarrheal effect. In addition, significant anti-depressant activity was observed at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight as compared to the standard drug in case of HE extract of stem.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 21(1): 1-6, 2018

scholarly journals Evaluation of analgesic, neuropharmacological and cytotoxic activity of Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Moli Akter ◽  
Mirola Afroze ◽  
Ambia Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Vincristine Sulphate ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Dose Dependent

The present study was carried out to investigate the possible analgesic, neuropharmacological and cytotoxic activities of the methanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. leaves. The analgesic and neuropharmacological activities of Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. were investigated at the doses of 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg of body weight in mice. Analgesic potential of the extract was evaluated for centrally acting analgesic property using tail immersion method and peripheral analgesic actions using acetic acid-induced writhing test. In acetic acid-induced writhing test, extract produced a significant (p < 0.001) inhibition of writhing response in a dose dependent manner but maximum inhibition (93.46%) of writhing was found at 400mg/kg dose. In tail immersion method, extract caused a significant (p < 0.001) increase in latency time and the results were comparable to the standard drug Diclofenac- Sodium. In addition, neuropharmacological property of crude extract was carried out by Hole cross and Open field test. The extract significantly (p < 0.05-0.001) displayed a dose dependent suppression of motor activity, exploratory behaviour. Furthermore, the extract was subjected to Brine Shrimp lethality bioassay for primary evaluation of cytotoxicity, where the extract was found to be highly toxic to Brine Shrimp nauplii, having LC50 values of 10μg/ml while the LC50 of the reference anticancer drug vincristine sulphate was 0.66μg/ml. The results of this present study suggest that the extract possesses analgesic, cytotoxic and CNS depressant activities. Key Words: Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.; cytotoxicity; neuropharmacological; analgesic activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i1.9218 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2011, 1(1): 6-11

scholarly journals Assessment of Analgesic, Cytotoxic and Antioxidant activities of Vallaris solanacea (Roth) Kuntze

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Utpal Kumar Karmakar ◽  
Dyuti Ghosh ◽  
Samir Kumar Sadhu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Radical Scavenging Properties

The ethanolic extract of leaves and stem of Vallaris solanacea (Roth) Kuntze (Family: Apocynaceae) was screened for its analgesic, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. Phytochemical analysis of the extract indicated the presence of Reducing Sugar, Tannins, Saponins, Gums, Steroids, Alkaloids, and Glycosides. The ethanolic extract showed statistically significant analgesic activity (p<0.005) in acetic acid induced writhing inhibition in mice at the dose of 500mg/kg body weight and also showed mild effect at the doses of 250mg/kg body weight. In the brine shrimp lethality test, the extract showed cytotoxicity with LC50 80 μg/ml and LC90 320 μg/ml. In the qualitative antioxi-dant assay using DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) the extract showed free radical scavenging properties. These primary findings suggest that the extract might possess some chemical constituents that are responsible for analgesic, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. Key words: Vallaris solanacea (Roth) Kuntze; phytochemical study; analgesic activity; cytotoxic activity; antioxi-dant activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v4i1.8869 SJPS 2011; 4(1): 64-68

scholarly journals ANTIDIABETIC EFFECT OF EXTRACTS OF BLUMEA LACERA DC. IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED HYPERGLYCEMIC RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Diptirani Rath ◽  
Snigdha Rani Panigrahy ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Panigrahi ◽  
Durga Madhab Kar ◽  
Laxmidhar Maharana
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Blumea Lacera

Objective: Present study of this research was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic activities of extracts of aerial parts of Blumea lacera DC. (Asteraceae) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced hyperglycemic rat.Methods: The methanol extracts (MEBL) and aqueous extract (AEBL) of B. lacera DC. were investigated in streptozotocin (STZ) induced hyperglycemic rats at a dose level of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), acute and subacute antidiabetic (30 d) models keeping a parallel group of metformin (250 mg/kg body weight) as standard drug. The serum biochemical parameters, histopathology of liver and pancreaswere examined and analyzed statistically.Results: Treatment with methanol extract of B. lacera (MEBL) at a dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight, significantly decrease (p<0.05) blood glucose level from 289.83±9.83 and 289.83±2.71 to 201.83±8.87 and 105.00±2.05 respectively with corresponding percentage fall of blood glucose to 30.40±1.79 and 63.78±0.59. It also improved the glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) near to normal value, restored the lipid and bio-chemical level and rejuvenate beta cells of pancreas, thereby improve insulin secretion.Conclusion: The result of the present study concluded that extracts of B. lacera DC possess marked antidiabetic activity. However, methanol extract of B. lacera (MEBL) at the dose of 400 mg/kg showed significant dose dependent antidiabetic effects without any destruction and restores the structure of liver and pancreas of hyperglycemic rats.

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF QUERCUS ILEX LEAVES EXTRACT IN ETHANOL INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN WISTAR RATS

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
RENU MALIK ◽  
K. G. SINGHAL
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug

Objective: This study was undertaken to investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Quercus ilex leaves extract (QILE) on ethanol-induced toxicity in Wistar rats. Methods: Hepatotoxicity was induced by administering ethanol (40%) at a dose of 7.9 gm/kg/day; p. o. (1:1 of ethanol in olive oil) for 28 d. Silymarin 100 mg/kg/day; p. o. was used as a standard drug. The whole study was divided into a prophylactic and curative study. In the prophylactic study, the Silymarin and QILE (test drug) 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg Body Weight(BW) given orally one hour before administration of 40% ethanol administration for 28 d. In the curative study, 7 d of treatment of Silymarin and QILE 200 and 400 mg/kg BW was given orally after 28 d of ethanol administration to different groups. Results: Hepatoprotectivity was confirmed by the highly significantly (p<0.001) restoration of elevated biochemical parameters like SGPT, SGOT, ALP, TB, and highly significantly (p<0.001) depleted Albumin and Total protein levels by 200 mg/kg BW QILE in comparison to the positive control group. QILE 200 mg/kg highly significantly (p<0.001) raised the antioxidants by draining the elevated oxidative stress markers in comparison of positive control group. At dose levels QILE 200 mg/kg, significant (p<0.05) protection from loss in body weight and in liver weight was found when the comparison was done with the positive control group. Histopathology revealed that QILE 200 mg/kg reduced the markers of cell necrosis. Conclusion: Present study revealed that Quercus ilex leaves have antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity due to its chemical constituents.

scholarly journals Screening of analgesic activity of Phoenix sylvestris leaves in rodents

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
Pankaj Jain ◽  
◽  
Sonika Jain ◽  
Surendra Kumar Swarnkar ◽  
Swapnil Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Withdrawal Reflexes

Aim: The present study evaluated the central and peripheral analgesic activity of methanolic leaf extract of Phoenix sylvestris (PSLME) in swiss albino mice. Method: Peripheral and central analgesic activity was evaluated by tail immersion and acetic acid writhing in swiss albino mice. Dextropropoxyphene was used as a standard drug in the dose of 65mg/kg body weight in both models. PSLME was tested at 100 and 500mg/kg dose level. Results: The result revealed that methanolic extract exhibit 48% and 40.5% writhing inhibition at 500 and 100 mg/kg doses whereas ~30% tail withdrawal reflexes inhibition at 500mg/kg which was analogous to the standard drug dextropropoxyphene. Conclusion: Methanolic extract of leaves of P. sylvestris possesses both peripheral and central analgesic activity in experimental animal.

scholarly journals Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Methanolic Stem Bark Extract ofNyctanthes arbor-tristisLinn.

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti ◽  
Paresh Pradhan ◽  
Sudarshana Borah ◽  
Kabita Mahato ◽  
Mritunjay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Stem bark ofNyctanthes arbor-tristisLinn. was extracted in methanol to evaluate their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The analgesic activity was determined on Wistar albino rats by hot plate method, tail flick assay, and tail immersion method using Morphine sulphate as standard drug at a dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight and the results were expressed as mean increase in latency after drug administration ± SEM. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by Carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema using diclofenac sodium as standard drug at a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight and expressed in terms of mean increase in paw volume ± SEM. Stem bark extract was given at a dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of body weight. Both standard drugs and extract were administered orally to the animals. Control received distilled water orally. Results showed thatNyctanthes arbor-tristisLinn. had potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive activity of methanolic extract of the leaves of Feronia limonia Linn

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Moni Rani Saha ◽  
Sheikh Zahir Raihan ◽  
Akm Shahidur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Antinociceptive Activity ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Tail Flick Test ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice

The antinociceptive activity of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Feronia limonia Linn. (Family Rutaceae) was investigated using acetic acid-induced writhing model and tail flick test in swiss albino mice. The extract produced about 26.01% ( p< 0.01), 39.88% ( p< 0.01) and 57.07% (p< 0.01) writhing inhibition at the dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of body weight respectively, which was comparable to the standard drug diclofenac sodium where the inhibition was about 63.58% (p< 0.01) at the dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight. All doses of extracts significantly (p<0.05) increased latency of flick tail in tail immersion method. The methanolic extract showed dose dependent antinociceptive activity in both type of test in swiss albino mice. Phytochemical investigations of the leaves extract indicate the presence of tannins, saponins, steroids, alkaloids and flavonoids. The preliminary study of the methanolic extract showed antinociceptive activity in both writhing and tail flick test in mice. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpp.v26i1-2.19962 Bangladesh J Physiol Pharmacol 2010; 26(1&2) : 21-24

scholarly journals The analgesic and acute anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Paederia foetida (EEPF) on experimental animal models

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Das ◽  
P K Bordoloi ◽  
P Saikia ◽  
L Kanodia
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Paederia Foetida ◽  
Group A ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective:To study the analgesic and acute anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Paederia foetida (EEPF) on experimental animal models. Materials and Methods: Fresh leaves were collected, air-dried, powdered, and percolated in 95% ethanol. Acute toxicity test was done according to OECD guidelines. Healthy albino rats (150-200 gm) of either sex were taken and divided into five groups with six animals in each group for central analgesic activity by tail flick method. Peripheral analgesic activity by 1% glacial acetic acid induced writhing test by taking albino mice (20-30 gm) of either sex which were divided into three groups with six animals in each. EEPF was used in a dose of 500 mg/kg bodyweight subcutaneously for tail-flick method and orally for writhing test. In tail-flick method the basal reaction time was taken and a cut-off period of 10 sec was observed. Reaction time were recorded at predrug, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after administration of drug . The standard drug used for central analgesic activity was pethidine 5 mg/kg bw, naloxone 1mg/kg as antagonist and naloxone 1mg/kg bw with 500mg/kg bw of EEPF to study the central mechanism of action. The standard drug used for peripheral analgesic activity was aspirin 100mg/kg bw orally. A control group was maintained in all the models. For anti-inflammatory study, three groups of animals of either sex (n = 6), weighing 150-200g of the species Rattus norvegicus were taken for the study. Group A was taken as control (Normal salie, 10 mL/kg body weight), Group B as test group (EEPF 500 mg/kg body weight), and Group C as standard (Aspirin 100 mg/kg body weight). The animals were studied for acute inflammation by Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Statistical analysis  was done by one-way analysis of variance followed by multiple comparison tests.Results: EEPF significantly increased the reaction time in tail-flick method (p<0.05) whereas the combination of naloxone and EEPF decreased the reaction time indicating that naloxone inhibits the analgesic effect of EEPF. In 1% glacial acetic acid induced writhing EEPF reduced writhing significantly In acute inflammation, there was significant inhibition of paw edema in Groups B, C in comparison with Group A (P < 0.05). Conclusion:The ethanolic extract of Paederia foetida has significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i3.11723 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 03 July’12

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo Evaluation of Pharmacological Potential of Lasia spinosa Linn.

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Piyali Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammed Ibrahim ◽  
Sarrin Shahadat ◽  
Md Ruhul Kuddus ◽  
Mohammad A Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Rbc Membrane ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Lasia spinosa Linn. (Family: Araceae) is an important medicinal plant, which is traditionally used for treatment of different human ailments. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro thrombolytic, antiinflammatory and in vivo analgesic and hypoglycemic potentials of n-hexane, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions of methanol extract of L. spinosa whole plant. Additionally, phytochemical screening was carried out by qualitative tests, which confirmed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, tannins, saponin in this plant. During in vitro thrombolytic assay, the aqueous fraction at a dose of 500 μg/100 μl showed the maximum 33.15% lysis of the blood clot, as compared to the standard streptokinase (80.10%). The in vitro anti-inflammatory test was performed by inhibition of egg albumin denaturation assay and RBC membrane stabilization method. The chloroform fraction exhibited maximum anti-inflammatory potential by inhibiting 51.53% denaturation of albumin and by inhibiting 54.8% hemolysis of RBC membrane against hypotonic solution. Analgesic activity was evaluated by tail immersion method for central mechanism and by formalin-induced lick test for peripheral mechanism in mice. In tail immersion method, all the solvent fractions of L. spinosa at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight exhibited a significant (p<0.05) elongation in pain reaction time. In peripheral analgesic activity test, the chloroform fraction at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight inhibited a maximum of 35.44% licking response induced by formalin, as compared to the standard aspirin (53.22%). In the hypoglycemic activity test, all the fractions showed a moderate effect in reducing the blood glucose level in mice treated with 10% glucose. In conclusion, the plant L. spinosa can be considered as a promising source of bioactive compounds for the development of new phytomedicine. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 111-119, 2021 (June)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document