scholarly journals PATTUPPĀṬṬIL AḶAPEṬAI VAṬIVAṄKAḶ [ALAPEDAI FORMAT IN PATTUPADDU POEM]

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
K.BALAMURUGAN
Keyword(s):  
Golden Age ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Tamil Literature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religious Devotion ◽  
High Level

The Sangam literature provides very valuable information on the social, economic and political life of the Tamil society. Sanga kaalam (Sangam age) is considered to be the Golden Age of Tamil Literature. The study aims to collect and quantify the scales found in the decimal texts and to classify their types such as verbal, melody, and verbal scales, to distinguish the scales from the following places first, middle, and last, and to look at the measurements at the high level and to identify and measure the measurements in the decimal. The Ten Idylls, known as Pattuppāṭṭu or Ten Lays, is an anthology of ten longer poems in the Sangam literature – the earliest known Tamil literature. They range between about 100 and 800 lines, and the collection includes the celebrated Nakkīrar's Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai (lit. "Guide to Lord Murukan"). The collection was termed as "Ten Idylls" during the colonial era, though this title is considered "very incorrect" by Kamil Zvelebil – a scholar of Tamil literature and history. He suggests "Ten Lays" as the more apt title. Five of these ten ancient poems are lyrical, narrative bardic guides (arruppatai) by which poets directed other bards to the patrons of arts such as kings and chieftains. The others are guides to religious devotion (Murugan) and to major towns, sometimes mixed with akam- or puram-genre poetry.

Conclusion

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Kamen
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Athenian Democracy ◽  
Dominant Ideology ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

This chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. Through close analysis of various forms of evidence—literary, epigraphic, and legal—this book demonstrated that classical Athens had a spectrum of statuses, ranging from the base chattel slave to the male citizen with full civic rights. It showed that Athenian democracy was in practice both more inclusive and more exclusive than one might expect based on its civic ideology: more inclusive in that even slaves and noncitizens “shared in” the democratic polis, more exclusive in that not all citizens were equal participants in the social, economic, and political life of the city. The book also showed the flexibility of status boundaries, seemingly in opposition to the dominant ideology of two or three status groups divided neatly from one another: slave versus free, citizen versus noncitizen, or slave versus metic versus citizen.

scholarly journals DINASTI POLITIK: BASIS POLITIK DAN KEPUASAN PUBLIK

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Wimmy Haliim ◽  
Andy Ilman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
Community Satisfaction ◽  
Family Network ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Access ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The opening of political access in a country that was going through a period of democratic transition gave rise to "little kings" through the practice of political dynasties in some regions. They fill the local political space by restructuring patronage networks and strengthening their social, economic and political bases in order to maintain their power. This kind of dynastic political practice generates negative sentiments towards the performance of the bureaucracy as the public policy tend to be beneficial for a particular political family. The research focuses on the impact of the Sutrisno family's political dynasty through the bureaucracy on the level of community satisfaction towards the performance and achievements of their programs. Given the impact of the Sutrisno family's dynastic political practices, some of them show an anomaly. The findings illustrate the high level of public satisfaction with the performance of the bureaucracy in the health, education, and economy sectors. Apart from the fact that the Sutrisno family dynasty was politically established and had consequences for control of the bureaucracy, the social base of the Sutrisno family network also played an important role in increasing public acceptance of bureaucratic work programs in various fields.

scholarly journals Dinamika Diaspora Subkultur Etnik Cina di Kota Singkawang

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Jafar Fikri Alkadrie ◽  
Gorby Faisal Hanifa ◽  
Annisa Chantika Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Politics ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Diaspora conducted by Chinese people to various regions of the world make them have their own culture with their own peculiarities, because it has acculturated with the new place where they are. One of the significant areas is Singkawang city. Singkawang is a historic place for Tionghoa ethnic, because there is where they grow and have their own civilization, complete with their sub-culture brought from China. During the reign of President Soeharto, their existence is very marginalized. They have a variety of cultures that only after the new Reformation is open to public. They have a unique sub-culture, so it takes time to be accepted in the community. Celebrations such as Imlek, Cap Gomeh and the others, are a distinct identity that falls within the indigenous communities and influences the economic, politics and cultural fields. So it is interesting to study about the Tionghoa sub-culture with it’s various dynamics, taking the background of Singkawang City, because the majority of the people are Tionghoa ethnic. The research was conducted by descriptive-qualitative methods, with the aim to describe the dynamics of Tionghoa sub-culture in Singkawang City. The result is, the dynamics of Tionghoa ethnic in Singkawang City has undergone significant changes and affect the social, economic, political life in Singkawang

scholarly journals Hybridization in Mandailing Culture: An Overview of Willem Iskander's Text Si Bulus-Bulus Si Rumbuk-Rumbuk

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Muharrina Harahap ◽  
Faruk Faruk ◽  
Aprinus Salam
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Identity Changes

This study examines identity issues in and among the Mandailing people, adapting Bhabha's argument that there is no stable identity, but that identity changes with every interaction in society. For this examination of identity, Bhabha's concept of hybridity has been adapted to investigate the mixture of identities among the Mandailing people.The hybridization in Mandailing is caused by several factors including: cultural contacts, Islamization, migration, and colonialism. The author uses a postcolonial review to see the process of hybrid formation in Mandailing through literary text written by a Mandailing writer, named Willem Iskander, entitled Si Bulus-Bulus Si Rumbuk-Rumbuk. The text consists of several poems and prose representing the identity of the Mandailing people in the colonial era. In order to realize the postcolonial, the author chooses a critical discourse analysis method for analyzing the data in the text. This critical analysis is able to unravel the colonial discourses that are metaphorically in the text. By combining with the postcolonial theory, especially proposed by Bhabha, this research results a finding, hybridization giving rise to the ambivalence of the Mandailing people. This ambivalence manifests in the social, cultural and political life of the people.

scholarly journals Social-economic well-being and social tension in the Volga Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-502
Author(s):  
D. V. Zaitsev ◽  
I. Yu. Surkova ◽  
Yu. V. Selivanova
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Level ◽  
Economic Well Being

The article presents the results of the regional sociological study of the parameters of the social-economic well-being in the Volga Region. The well-being category consists of social satisfaction, trust, tension and security. Social well-being reflects the efficiency of the social system, its quality, the authorities’ competence in the development of social-economic processes and of a socially sensitive (accessible, comfortable) social environment. The study identified connections between social-economic well-being and employment, financial situation and the dynamics of migration; and empirically proved the low likelihood of ethnic or religious conflicts in the region, the high level of social well-being as mentioned by the younger generations and the average one among other age groups. The level of ethnic and confessional tension is influenced by the age of the respondents: a third of the younger generations and of the working age are more concerned with the criminal situation and with conflicts on national and religious grounds than pensioners. The able-bodied population of the Volga Region is concerned about their professional well-being due to perceiving migrants as competitors: in some cases, an increase in the share of migrants contributes to conflicts in the interethnic interaction. With an increase in the educational level the degree of social trust increases, which is a positive factor for the tolerant attitude towards others. In general, there are no reasons for concerns about ethnic conflicts in the region. The multi-ethnicity of the Russian society explains the relatively high tolerance to migrants despite many risk factors.

The Penology of the Talmud

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haim H. Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Penal Law ◽  
Sociology Of Punishment ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
The Impact

Penology, or the science of punishment, has three different aspects: the technique of punishment, or the character of the various punitive measures and the means by which they are enforced and implemented; the psychology of punishment, probing into the function of punitive action, both in so far as the victim, that is the person punished, is affected, and in so far as such action is calculated to satisfy the needs or purposes of the punishing authority; and the sociology of punishment allocating to penal activity its place (as part of the legal institutional framework) in the social, economic and political life of the community. All these aspects are interconnected, and the view generally advocated (though hardly proven as yet) is that they are also interdependent: the psychological effect as well as the sociological impact of any given penalty depends, it is held, on the nature of the penalty concerned and the manner in which it is implemented. The fact cannot, however, sufficiently be stressed that any such interdependence is not, as a rule, preconceived or planned in advance. It is for the historian of penal law or penology to establish on the statistical or other data what has, in fact, been the effect or the impact of any particular punishment in any given period or community. But the penologist is not necessarily either historian or statistician. While, like the lawyer, he builds on institutions which have come down from the past, neither his theorization nor his planning is bound by precedent or past experience, and he may well dismiss the past as one great error which exists only to be rectified or eliminated. This being so, for a penology to develop it is not necessary that there should be any practical experience with the effect and impact of punishments actually imposed. It is true that in the absence of such practical experience, penology will remain an exercise in theorization and planning, not unlike the exercises in “utopian” and idealistic legislation which have occupied so many geniuses in the past; but that does not derogate from the validity of, and the scientific attention due to, the reasons and considerations underlying the theories propounded.

“Traditional Music Weeps” and Other Themes in the Discourse on Music, Dance and Theatre of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand

1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret J. Kartomi
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Traditional Music ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Agendas ◽  
Cross Fertilization

One of the most remarkable features of the past twenty years of scholarship on the Southeast Asian performing arts has been the sparking off of ideas between Southeast Asian-born scholars, whether trained in Southeast Asian universities or overseas, and Western scholars of the Southeast arts who live in North America, Australia, Europe, Japan and elsewhere. In colonial Indonesia (until 1945) and Malaysia (until 1957), research agendas of Dutch and British scholars respectively had complied with the social, economic and political priorities of the colonial powers and associated local court-centred artistic interests, though not always consciously. In Thailand, which was the only country in the region not to be colonized by a European power, Thai scholars had been actively researching their own court performing arts in the late colonial era but were nevertheless influenced by the colonial ethos of the region. In the past twenty years or so, the developing dialogue and contradictions between Southeast Asian and foreign scholars, each with their own partly distinctive assumptions and methodologies based on the priorities of their respective traditions and governments, have resulted in a healthy divergence, convergence, and cross-fertilization of ideas.

scholarly journals Revisiting British royalty myths in Alan Bennett’s The Uncommon Reader

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
Mihaela Culea
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Real Person ◽  
Public Concerns ◽  
The Way ◽  
Contemporary Britain

In his novella The Uncommon Reader (2006/2008) English writer Alan Bennett (1934 – ) fictionally depicts the way in which one of the most prestigious institutions of Britishness, Queen Elizabeth II (1952 – ), turns from a highly institutionalized symbol into a real person and a very uncommon reader. The article explores Bennett’s fictional reconsideration of common myths connected to the British monarchy, a process which is activated by the Queen’s new fondness for reading. The paper develops a possible reinterpretation of these myths, seeking to prove that Bennett’s fictional exercise also sparks off the reflection of a number of common public concerns connected to the British monarchy and its position in relation to the social, economic or political life of contemporary Britain.

scholarly journals Globalization and Security: The Economic, Social and Political Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (520) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
M. D. Kramchaninova ◽  
◽  
V. V. Vakhlakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Open Economy ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Security

This research underlines the growing importance of critical studying the role of globalization in the context of the problem of ensuring human security. In the global open economy, direct changes in the nature of economic activity and social interaction significantly increase the weight and importance of the factors that affect social, political and economic stability. By carrying out an analysis of the data reflecting the results of the social, economic and political consequences of COVID-19, the authors try to provide useful insights into the patterns inherent in the economic, social and political processes. Studying the dynamics of pandemic development allows to examine in more detail the connection between the economy, social security and political stability, paying attention to the nature of social, economic and political processes and the scale of their interdependence. According to the results of the research, the main threats arising from the pandemic in the field of economic, social and political components of national security have been established. It is displayed that the social, economic and political security spheres within the State are interrelated. Due to the relationship between them, the lack of stabilization in one of these areas can generate potential danger and changes of negative nature in other areas. Most of the risks and threats identified by the authors flow out of each other, which makes them also interrelated. In the view of the authors, public expectations as to political and economic interactions in the field of ensuring national and global security require the government to make significant changes and transform its view on important aspects of the organization of social, economic and political life of society, in accordance with global challenges.

scholarly journals Participation of Women in Local and Regional Soviets in Eastern Siberia from 1921 to 1936: Statistical Sources Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-54
Author(s):  
Tat'yana Gennad'evna Karchaeva ◽  
Inna Aleksandrovna Kizhner ◽  
Denis Nikolaevich Gergilev
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Work Ethics ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
Class Background ◽  
Database Technology ◽  
High Level

The article studies how women were becoming participants of the social and political life in the first soviet decades thus proving the socialistic policy to eliminate the class and sex inequality widely spread at the beginning of the 20th century. The article explores the dynamics of Eastern Siberian women’s participation in local Soviets in Russia from 1921 to 1936, their social composition, professionalism and work ethics. To analyze raw data the authors use database technology and statistical methods. Computer technologies provided for processing mass historical sources: party censuses, service records and inquiry forms of civil servants. The authors conclude that the number of women fluctuated between 25% and 33% of the deputies and delegates to the local and regional Soviets (public councils), they lacked proper professional experience and education (about 80% had only primary school education), had peasant or labor class background and could not boast high level of work ethics. Moreover, many women were passive deputies without any visible demonstration of the service. Statistical analysis has demonstrated that women with middle professional education and higher education had higher positions in executive committees of Soviets. They were few in number but they contributed a lot to the developing new administration and government.

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