scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF USING OF THAI AS A SECOND LANGUAGE OF FOREIGN STUDENTS IN CHIANG MAI

2020 ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
Makawan Poomcharean ◽  
P.Vijaya
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
First Language ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Thai Language ◽  
Chinese Descent ◽  
Thai People ◽  
Thai Culture

Thai language is the official language of Thailand. It is also the major language in Thailand. It is the first language of native Thai people and the majority of communities who historically settled in Thailand, like Thai people of Chinese descent, Indian descent, etc, who migrated to Thailand centuries ago. Thai is spoken approximately by 20 million people as the first language and around 40 million people as a second language throughout the world. Many researches are been conducted about, Thai language, Thai people, Thai culture, etc. Also, many universities and colleges in Thailand conducted researches in these areas. This article focusses on Thai language in Education. The objective of this is to study the problems in using Thai language of Chinese students taking courses in Thai Program at Chiang Mai University. Moreover, the findings will become guidelines for Thai program development for Chinese students who will take courses at Chiang Mai University in the future.

中等水平外国学生理解汉语句子的速度变化——基于抑制加工的研究

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-105
Author(s):  
王永 德
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Chinese Speakers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Formal Experiment

AbstractA key index to learners’ proficiency level of a second language, the comprehension speed of sentences, is a pivotal factor that determines the choice of teaching method which may suit the second language learners in their learning of specialty courses. From the representation of inner knowledge of a second language and the character of its process, some researchers describe a quickening tendency of second language process speed during the acquisition of the language. With respect to the reason why the change of process speed occurs, however, researchers have not explained the difference between a learner’s mother tongue and second language, which may be important in practice. This study explores increasing speed of foreign students’ comprehension of Chinese sentences from the perspective of inhibition of processing.In this experiment, there are four groups of subjects, twenty in each and all paid for their participation. Three groups are native English, Japanese and Korean speakers, and the other group is Mandarin Chinese speakers selected as comparison. Ten constructions of Chinese sentences are chosen as the test materials, including three subject-verb-object constructions (zhu dong bin ju), subject-verb-agent construction (shi bin ju), two topic-comment constructions, two ba constructions, bei construction, and bei-ba compound construction. The six native Mandarin Chinese speakers, who do not actually participate in the experiment, score all the sentences in the experiment in terms of grammaticality. All the sentences, which are programmed, are presented one by one at random on the screen of a Pentium IV laptop, each followed by three possible answers about the actor of the action described in the sentence. The subjects should choose one answer among the three as accurately and quickly as possible by pressing a certain key on the keyboard. There are some sentences for pretesting before the formal experiment. In the formal experiment, reaction time and subject’s answer of each sentence are self-recorded. Reaction time and percent correct for each construction of Chinese sentences is calculated after the experiment. The post hoc multiple comparison tests are performed for the reaction time of each construction of Chinese sentences separately.SPSS analysis shows that: (1) there is a highly significant difference (P≈0.000﹤0.001) between all the groups of foreign students and the native Chinese speakers in the comprehension of all ten constructions of Chinese sentences except one of the topic-comment constructions (zhu ling ju) (P=0.018). (2) there is a significant difference (P﹤0.05) between the native English speakers and the native Japanese or Korean speakers in comprehending seven of the ten constructions of Chinese sentences.Compared the comprehension speed of sentences of foreign students when their Chinese knowledge is at the intermediate level with the primary level, the conclusions of this research are as follows:Firstly, the foreign students require to inhibit less and less inapposite knowledge in comprehending Chinese sentences with their improvement in Chinese knowledge, but they are less skilled than the Chinese students even if their Chinese knowledge is at the intermediate level; there is significant difference between the foreign students and the Chinese students. These results suggest that, even if foreign students’ Chinese ability reaches the intermediate level, they also require a separate organization to study. The effect would not be good if they were put together with native Chinese students to study professional courses.Secondly, when the foreign students are at the intermediate level of Chinese knowledge, their inhibition of inapposite knowledge is also related to their native languages in different typologies; there is significant difference between the students whose native language is English and those whose native languages are Japanese and Korean. But the difference between the two different categories students are diminished when their Chinese knowledge is at the intermediate level. These results suggest that, when the foreign students have a high level of Chinese, they could be organized to teach according to their actual differences, teaching content should be targeted for specific learners. The teacher should strengthen the grammar rules which are difficult for specific learners, increase the frequency of language input and practice.

scholarly journals Faktor Timbulnya Pengaruh Bahasa Pertama Dalam Mempelajari Bahasa Melayu Sebagai Bahasa Kedua

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Ooi Chwee Hwa ◽  
Vijayaletchumy Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
First Language ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
National Language ◽  
Interaction Theory ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status ◽  
Language Influence ◽  
Made In

Learning the Malay language as the second language is important among Chinese students. From initial surveys made in SJKC Batu14 Hulu Langat, Selangor, the percentage of Malay language paper decrease in UPSR. These results showed that the Chinese students face problems in learning the Malay language as a second language. Thus, this study aims to analyse factors that contribute to the existence of first language influence among Chinese students while learning Malay language. The sample of the study included 77 Chinese students in standard 4, 5 and 6 who failed in their Malay language examination. The Interaction Theory by Halliday is used. According to Halliday, children master the language because they have a need to interact with members of the public in their environment. This means that the child will interact with the public at an early stage to meet their basic needs. This phenomenon does not occur in the sample. So, the Chinese students who only speak Chinese will not learn the Malay language well, even Chinese influence in learning the Malay language would be more significant. The instrument used in this study was questionnaire. The data collected is calculated in percentages. The results are displayed through tables and graphs with descriptive description. Results from this study showed that there are four factors which contribute to the influence of Chinese language while learning Malay language, which are exercises, environment, interest and attitude. This research is important to the education system, parallel with the government’s efforts to uphold Malay language as the national language, official language and the language of knowledge. Every walks of life in Malaysia should channel their efforts together towards uplifting the status of Malay language in Malaysia. Therefore, Malay language should be mastered by all individuals, including Chinese students in SJKC. ABSTRACT Pembelajaran bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa kedua amat penting dalam kalangan murid Cina. Daripada tinjauan awal yang dibuat di Sekolah Rendah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina (SJKC) Batu 14 Hulu Langat, Selangor, peratus kelulusan kertas pemahaman bahasa Melayu mencatatkan penurunan dalam Ujian Penilaian Sekolah endah (UPSR). Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa murid Cina menghadapi masalah dalam mempelajari bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa kedua. Maka, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan timbulnya pengaruh bahasa pertama dalam mempelajari bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan murid Cina. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 77 orang murid Cina Tahun 4, 5 dan 6 yang gagal dalam ujian kertas bahasa Melayu. Teori yang digunakan oleh pengkaji ialah teori Interaksi oleh Halliday. Menurut Halliday, kanak-kanak menguasai bahasa kerana mereka mempunyai keperluan untuk berinteraksi dengan ahli masyarakat dalam persekitaran mereka. Ini bermakna, kanak-kanak akan berinteraksi dengan masyarakat pada peringkat awal untuk memenuhi keperluan asasi mereka. Fenomena ini tidak terjadi pada sampel kajian. Oleh itu, murid Cina yang hanya bertutur dalam bahasa Cina tidak akan mempelajari bahasa Melayu dengan baik, malah pengaruh bahasa Cina dalam mempelajari bahasa Melayu akan lebih ketara. Alat kajian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah borang soal selidik. Data-data yang dikumpul dikira dalam bentuk peratusan. Dapatan kajian dipaparkan melalui jadual dan graf berserta huraian deskriptif. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat empat faktor yang menyebabkan timbulnya pengaruh bahasa Cina dalam pembelajaran bahasa Melayu, iaitu latihan, persekitaran, minat dan sikap. Kajian ini penting kepada sistem pendidikan dalam usaha kerajaan untuk memartabatkan bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa kebangsaan, bahasa rasmi dan bahasa ilmu. Setiap lapisan masyarakat di Malaysia harus bergerak seiring ke arah meningkatkan taraf bahasa Melayu di Malaysia. Justeru, bahasa Melayu harus dikuasai oleh semua individu, termasuk murid Cina di SJKC.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK BAHASA INDONESIA ORANG MINANGKABAU

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Rona Almos ◽  
Reniwati Reniwati ◽  
Noviatri Noviatri
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
First Language ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Final Syllable ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Local Languages

The Indonesian is multi spoken languages society. Besides speaking with the official language (bahasa Indonesia), they also speaking in their own mother language. The use of local languages or the mother tongue is preferably as second language. Therefore, the acquisition of Indonesian, especially for Minangkabau society is strongly influenced by the structure of the first language. This is called as dialect or style.  Slang or style can be seen from the lingual units that used by the speakers of the language. Lingual unit is a unit of language that carries meaning, both lexical and grammatical meaning. Unit lingual include morphemes, words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and discourse. In addition, there is another element which is the smallest unit in the language, segmental elements (phonemes) and supra-segmental elements (intonation). The results of the data analysis showed that there are some unit lingual speech marking Indonesian Minang people, namely: elements of segmental and supra-segmental elements, phatic, and sentence structure. In term of segmental elements, I have found six phonemes in Minangkabau language that affects Indonesian, phonemes are: /e/, /p/, /s/, /k/, and /j/. Moreover, in supra-segmental elements it appears that there tends to tone up the filler constituent predicate function. In declarative sentences, tone up there on the last syllable. In interrogative sentences, tone up tens to present in interrogative qualifiers. In imperative sentences, the intonation rising filler constituents tend be found in the predicate function, especially on the final syllable.

Didaktisko spēļu izmantošana latviešu valodas gramatikas mācības pirmajos posmos

2020 ◽  
pp. 208-225
Author(s):  
Jūlija Kuzņecova ◽  
Olga Lezina
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Educational Games ◽  
First Language ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Official Language

This article underlines the importance of learning grammatical rules of the Latvian language for Latvian as a second or foreign language. In fact, grammar is one of the four components of communicative competence: linguistic, sociolinguistic, discourse, and strategic competence. Aside from rules and tables, there are more effective and engaging ways to teach and learn grammar. One of them is through educational games. When language learners can apply grammar and use it in a fun way, there is a better chance that they will retain it all. They will be able to practice and internalize grammar phenomena extensively rather than just learning a collection of rules superficially. Not all games can be considered educational. It is important to recognize the purpose of a grammar game. The authors propose to consider several principles that can foster effective learning and improve student outcomes when teaching Latvian grammar to non-native speakers (both language minorities as well as foreigners): - consider the influence of students’ mother tongue, - offer wide selection of contemporary spoken grammar and vocabulary, - teach phases instead or separate words, - consider different learning styles to aid student learning (Auditory, Visual, and Kinesthetic Learning Styles), - utilize (or adopt) speech therapy methods. The authors present educational games for teaching such Latvian grammar phenomena as noun-adjective agreement, verb conjugation, use of prepositions, forming the comparative degree of adjectives, and more. Grammar games for learning English do not only motivate, they also promote the idea of competition, thus increasing learner attention, memory, as well as speaking, listening and cooperation skills. Games are beneficial for any age groups. They can be used with young learners who study Latvian as their first language, as well as Latvian as a second or foreign language students learning Latvian in preschools, schools and other educational institutions. The process of language acquisition starts in the first year of a child’s life and, in some cases, continues through their lifetime. The first language or native language, also known as a mother tongue, is the language children learn first from their parents. In the modern world, it is common that a person’s first language differs from the official language of their homeland. Under the circumstances, children must acquire two languages in the very first years of their lives. The representatives of ethnic minorities in Latvia study Latvian as a second language. This means that Latvian is not their first language; it is the official language of the state, the compulsory language to study. Latvian as a second language is being taught in minority-language schools across Latvia. It was traditionally believed that there is a prominent difference between second language acquisition and foreign language learning process. Therefore, different teaching principles and methods are applied. But in recent years, these fields have come closer together.

Bilinguals Control Their First Language to Speak the Second Language

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhonda McClain ◽  
Eleonora Rossi ◽  
Judith F. Kroll
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
First Language

Individual differences predict ERP signatures of second language learning of novel grammatical rules

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily S Nichols ◽  
Marc F Joanisse
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
First Language ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Grammatical Gender ◽  
Grammatical Rule ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Anterior Negativity

We investigated the extent to which second-language (L2) learning is influenced by the similarity of grammatical features in one’s first language (L1). We used event-related potentials to identify neural signatures of a novel grammatical rule - grammatical gender - in L1 English speakers. Of interest was whether individual differences in L2 proficiency and age of acquisition (AoA) influenced these effects. L2 and native speakers of French read French sentences that were grammatically correct, or contained either a grammatical gender or word order violation. Proficiency and AoA predicted Left Anterior Negativity amplitude, with structure violations driving the proficiency effect and gender violations driving the AoA effect. Proficiency, group, and AoA predicted P600 amplitude for gender violations but not structure violations. Different effects of grammatical gender and structure violations indicate that L2 speakers engage novel grammatical processes differently from L1 speakers and that this varies appreciably based on both AoA and proficiency.

A Study on Students' Problems in ESL Writing Classes in the Arts College/ Kuwait University

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mona Salem Rashed
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Word Choice ◽  
Esl Students ◽  
Esl Writing ◽  
Kuwait University ◽  
Writing Classes ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Difference ◽  
At Home

This paper discusses the influence of the first language (Arabic) on the second language (English) in the writing pieces of ESL students in Arts College/ Kuwait University. Going over some writing papers taken from the students' work in class, the reader would notice a 'different English'. The overall layout of the paper, the ideas presentation, the personal expression, the syntax and word choice, the punctuation and other elements make this new language on students' papers. From papers written in class and at home, I conducted an analysis to see the difference between the two languages techniques, and to find solutions for that. I also interviewed students and they assured that Arabic has a massive influence on them. They disclosed that they read the topic in English, and think/analyze in Arabic. Some participants mentioned that their limited competence of vocabulary in English hindered them from expressing well on paper. Another group mentioned that the idea of 'being explanatory' prevailed their thinking while writing. They said that they wanted to explain their ideas well and repeatedly so that the reader/teacher would understand their points. They also had troubles in organizing the sentences according to the English paragraph style.

FIRST AND SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING THROUGH TEXTBOOKS IN ALBANIAN SCHOOLS (COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW OF ALBANIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEXTBOOKS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 2319-2324
Author(s):  
Rina Muka ◽  
Irida Hoti
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
First Language ◽  
Grammatical Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Third

The language acquired from the childhood is the language spoken in the family and in the place of living. This language is different from one pupil to another, because of their social, economical conditions. By starting the school the pupil faces first the ABC book and then in the second grade Albanian language learning through the Albanian language textbook. By learning Albanian language step by step focused on Reading, Writing, Speaking and Grammar the pupil is able to start learning the second language on the next years of schooling. So, the second language learning in Albanian schools is related to the first language learning (mother tongue), since the early years in primary school. In our schools, the second language (English, Italian) starts in the third grade of the elementary class. On the third grade isn’t taught grammar but the pupil is directed toward the correct usage of the language. The textbooks are structured in developing the pupil’s critical thinking. The textbooks are fully illustrated and with attractive and educative lessons adequate to the age of the pupils. This comparative study will reflect some important aspects of language learning in Albanian schools (focused on Albanian language - first language and English language - second language), grade 3-6. Our point of view in this paper will show not only the diversity of the themes, the lines and the sub-lines but also the level of language knowledge acquired at each level of education. First, the study will focus on some important issues in comparing Albanian and English language texts as well as those which make them different: chronology and topics retaken from one level of education to another, so by conception of linear and chronological order will be shown comparatively two learned languages (mother tongue and second language). By knowing and learning well mother tongue will be easier for the pupil the foreign language learning. The foreign language (as a learning curriculum) aims to provide students with the skills of using foreign language written and spoken to enable the literature to recognize the achievements of advanced world science and technology that are in the interest of developing our technique. Secondly, the study will be based on the extent of grammatical knowledge, their integration with 'Listening, Reading, Speaking and Writing' as well as the inclusion of language games and their role in language learning. The first and second language learning in Albanian schools (grade III-VI) is based on similar principles for the linearity and chronology of grammatical knowledge integrated with listening, reading, writing and speaking. The different structure of both books help the pupils integrate and use correctly both languages. In the end of the sixth grade, the pupils have good knowledge of mother tongue and the second language and are able to write and speak well both languages.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Developments in Bilingual Second Language Acquisition and First Language Attrition of Speech: The Case of Arnold Schwarzenegger

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Lisa Kornder ◽  
Ineke Mennen
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
First Language ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
First Language Attrition ◽  
Second Formant ◽  
L1 And L2

The purpose of this investigation was to trace first (L1) and second language (L2) segmental speech development in the Austrian German–English late bilingual Arnold Schwarzenegger over a period of 40 years, which makes it the first study to examine a bilingual’s speech development over several decades in both their languages. To this end, acoustic measurements of voice onset time (VOT) durations of word-initial plosives (Study 1) and formant frequencies of the first and second formant of Austrian German and English monophthongs (Study 2) were conducted using speech samples collected from broadcast interviews. The results of Study 1 showed a merging of Schwarzenegger’s German and English voiceless plosives in his late productions as manifested in a significant lengthening of VOT duration in his German plosives, and a shortening of VOT duration in his English plosives, closer to L1 production norms. Similar findings were evidenced in Study 2, revealing that some of Schwarzenegger’s L1 and L2 vowel categories had moved closer together in the course of L2 immersion. These findings suggest that both a bilingual’s first and second language accent is likely to develop and reorganize over time due to dynamic interactions between the first and second language system.

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