scholarly journals The Coronavirus Pandemic: What Does the Evidence Show?

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shishir Paudel ◽  
Ganesh Dangal ◽  
Anisha Chalise ◽  
Tulsi Ram Bhandari ◽  
Ojash Dangal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
The World

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerged disease that has become a global public health concern as it rapidly spread around the world. The etiologic agent responsible for this disease has been named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses as it shows similar genomic features to that of SARS-CoV which caused a pandemic in 2002. This disease first appeared in Hubei province of China and it follows human-to-human transmission but the path this virus took to set up human infection remains a mystery. By 17 April 2020, globally there have been 2,074,529 confirmed cases with 139,378 deaths because of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 shows several similarities with SARS?CoV, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) with its clinical presentations. This can vary from asymptomatic infection to severe disease and mortality. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) screening is considered as the standard laboratory test for the diagnosis of COVID-19. There is no proven antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2 so the treatment for COVID-19 is symptomatic, aiming for the management of the symptoms and prevention of the complications. The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to the implementation of extraordinary public health measures throughout the world. Numerous antiviral compounds used to treat other infections are being clinically researched to find possible treatment. Similarly, the traditional public health outbreak response strategy of isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment has been implemented in multiple countries and has played an important role in the prevention of new outbreaks. This review aims to enhance our understanding of COVID 19.Keywords: Coronavirus disease 2019; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; novel coronavirus 2019; severe acute respiratory syndrome-2

OBESITY IN SARS-COV-2 INFECTION: LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Donizete Tavares Da Silva ◽  
Priscila De Sousa Barros Lima ◽  
Renato Sampaio Mello Neto ◽  
Gustavo Magalhães Valente ◽  
Débora Dias Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (1) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic and a threat to global public health (2). The virus mainly affects the lungs and can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In addition, coronavirus 2 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARSCOV2) also has devastating effects on other important organs, including the circulatory system, brain, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and liver

scholarly journals Coronavirus Pandemic: a major public health crisis for the developed and developing world

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 366-369
Author(s):  
Rooh Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Suleman Rana ◽  
Mehmood Qadir ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Niaz Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Day By Day

Pandemic of novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in China is now become global public health crisis. At present 87.64% of the world is infected by this deadly illness. The risk from this epidemic depends on the nature of the virus, including how well it transmits from person to person, and the complications resulting from this current illness. The novel coronavirus has killed thousands of people in China and other countries as well; its rate of mortality is increasing day by day. There is an urgent need to control the virus by developing vaccine or any other antiviral drugs to save the world from this deadly viral infection.

scholarly journals Coronavirus respiratory illness in Saudi Arabia

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 692-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed N. Al-Ahdal ◽  
Ahmed Ali Al-Qahtani ◽  
Salvatore Rubino
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World

Although viruses that belong to the coronavirus family are known since the 1930s, they only gained public health attention when they were discovered to be the causative agent of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in China in 2002–2003. On 22 September 2012, the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Saudi Arabia announced the detection of what was described as a “rare pattern” of coronavirus respiratory infection in three individuals, two Saudi citizens and one person from the Gulf Region. Neither Saudi citizen survived the infection. Molecular analysis of the isolates showed that the virus belongs to the genus beta-coronavirus. It is not known if the new isolates are circulating in the population or has recently diverged. The emergence of these novel isolates that resulted in fatal human infection ascertains that health authorities all over the world must be vigilant for the possibility of new global pandemics due to novel viral infection.

scholarly journals The evolving burden of asthma and contemporary advances in management: Implications for clinical practice in Southern Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 059-070
Author(s):  
Andrew Kiboneka
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
World Health ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Disease Heterogeneity ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
The World

Asthma is a rising significant global public health burden especially in the developing countries. The annual prevalence of severe asthma episodes is estimated from 1% to 21% for adults and over 20% for children aged 6–7 years. The prevalence of asthma varies widely around the world, ranging from 0.2% to 21.0% in adults and from 2.8% to 37.6% in 6- to 7-year-old children. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) reports a significant increase in the global prevalence of asthmatic episodes among children. t was estimated that more than 339 million people had Asthma globally in 2016. It is a common disease among children. The common disease asthma is probably not a single disease, but rather a complex of multiple, separate syndromes that overlap. Most asthma-related deaths occur in low- and lower-middle income countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, there were 417,918 deaths due to asthma at the global level and 24.8 million DALYS attributable to Asthma in in 2016. The WHO has estimated that the economic costs associated with asthma have exceeded those of TB and HIV/AIDS combined, and the Global Initiative for Asthma Program forecasted the number of asthma patients to grow globally to greater than 400 million by the year 2025. Since its first description by Hippocrates, asthma remains a treatable yet incurable disease. It is now clear that asthma is a complex syndrome with variable severity, natural history and response to treatment In Namibia a prevalence of Asthma of 11.2 % has been reported in adult populations. The increase in asthmatic episodes, morbidity and mortality among populations in Africa, Latin America and parts of Asia is a rising public health concern. The development of novel asthma phenotyping & endo typing plus better classification of patients using machine learning and big data have markedly improved asthma treatment outcomes in both children and Adults. Several research groups have developed cluster analyses of phenotypes in severe asthma. These clusters support the importance of disease heterogeneity in asthma and suggest differences in pathophysiologic mechanisms that define these clusters. Precision medicine is "an emerging approach for disease treatment and prevention that takes into account individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle for each person.

scholarly journals Biomimetic nanovaccines for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-182
Author(s):  
Bijay Singh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into

The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a serious threat to global public health, calling for the development of safe and effective prophylactics and therapeutics against infection of its causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, there is no approved vaccines or medications exist to prevent infection by SARS-CoV-2. In this emergency, more than 100 vaccines formulated using conventional approaches are being explored against SARS-CoV-2 across the world. The vaccines formulated using nanotechnology are also on the race of clinical trials. The aim of this article is to provide an insight into the ways of vaccine production by conventional and nanotechnology platforms and expand the understanding on the possibilities and limitations of these approaches for vaccine developments.

scholarly journals Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Review of Its Mutations, Its Implications and Vaccine Efficacy

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1195
Author(s):  
Sindhu Ramesh ◽  
Manoj Govindarajulu ◽  
Rachel S. Parise ◽  
Logan Neel ◽  
Tharanath Shankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Significant Health

The widespread increase in multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants is causing a significant health concern in the United States and worldwide. These variants exhibit increased transmissibility, cause more severe disease, exhibit evasive immune properties, impair neutralization by antibodies from vaccinated individuals or convalescence sera, and reinfection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has classified SARS-CoV-2 variants into variants of interest, variants of concern, and variants of high consequence. Currently, four variants of concern (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, and B.1.617.2) and several variants of interests (B.1.526, B.1.525, and P.2) are characterized and are essential for close monitoring. In this review, we discuss the different SARS-CoV-2 variants, emphasizing variants of concern circulating the world and highlight the various mutations and how these mutations affect the characteristics of the virus. In addition, we discuss the most common vaccines and the various studies concerning the efficacy of these vaccines against different variants of concern.

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Pakistan: an update on epidemiological trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waqar ◽  
Braira Wahid ◽  
Muhammad Idrees ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Zobaria Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Epidemiological Trends ◽  
Genome Center

Abstract The emergence of the pandemic in 2020 is a huge threat to global public health. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in China in December 2019 and later spread to almost all parts of the world in four months and declared as a pandemic in March 2020. SARS-CoV-2 has infected 15.8 million people worldwide while 641,000 died of it. This study aims to report the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Pakistan. Of total of 635 samples of symptomatic individuals processed at Genome Center for Molecular Based Diagnostics and Research Pakistan, 313 (49.3%) were found SARS-CoV-2 seropositive. The study also confirmed more seroprevalence in elderly patients (>80 years) and children less than 13 years.

scholarly journals Dengue infection during Covid-19 pandemic: A challenge for case management

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-146
Author(s):  
Md Asaduzzaman Miah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has been caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) that declared as an global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO).1,2 This ongoing pandemic causes devastation across the world while multiple countries have been facing with another outbreak- Dengue, a known tropical disease.3 Dengue is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral infection, also considered as a major public health concern. During COVID-19 pandemic, the increasing incidence of dengue become a further threat especially in the dengue-endemic countries of Southeast Asia and Latin America.4 The global burden of dengue is dynamic,  estimated 50 million real cases per year  across  approximately 100 countries.5 Currently, most of the countries are fighting against COVID-19, therefore, further outbreak of dengue has been posed a number of practical challenges to combat the diseases simultaneously. As dengue cases have been increased during Covid-19 pandemic, both SARS‑CoV‑2 and dengue viruses are co-existing and co-circulating in the environment. Consequently, patients with SARS‑CoV‑2 and dengue co-infection has been reported recently in several countries like Singapore, Thailand, India, and Bangladesh.6-9 Hence, it is speculated that the co-infection cases will be increased and found in another countries in the upcoming days when dengue season goes in its peak. Currently, multiple countries in South America like Brazil, Paraguay, Colombia, Argentina, Bolivia are suffering seriously from co-epidemics of dengue and Covid-19.4 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(2): 145-146

COVID-19: A Review on Epidemiology, Clinical Features and Possible Potential Drugs Based on Available Case Studies

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirtikumar C. Badgujar ◽  
Dipak V. Patil ◽  
Dipak V. Dhangar ◽  
Vikrant P. Patil ◽  
Ashish B. Badgujar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

: The emerging novel coronavirus disease 2019 has caused global outbreak and major public health concern. The World Health Organization (WHO) has announced a coronavirus disease outbreak a pandemic with a global public health emergency of international concern. As of now, 12th April 2020 almost 18,37,404 cases has been confirmed globally (in 209 countries) with almost 1,13,274 fatalities. This increasing number has created anxiety throughout the world which has severely affected the whole world culture, societies, behavioural pattern, peace and economics. At present, research on novel coronavirus is in the preliminary stage. There is no vaccine or specific antiviral to treat coronavirus disease. Also, very few case studies are available; hence it has become difficult to treat and to control this pandemic situation. In view of this, the present systematic review is done to highlight epidemiology clinical features, radiographic characteristics and potential drugs based on available clinical case reports. Biomarkers for early diagnosis and impact of age, sex, pre-existing comorbidity on COVID-19 is also discussed. Further this paper also outlines various possible antiviral chemical drug agents that can be potential and promising to treat this coronavirus disease 2019. This review may be helpful for medical practitioner, public health workers and government authorities to manage and deal with novel coronavirus disease 2019.

scholarly journals Immune Evasive Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Variants to COVID-19 Emergency Used Vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yandi Zhang ◽  
Jo-Lewis Banga Ndzouboukou ◽  
Mengze Gan ◽  
Xiaosong Lin ◽  
Xionglin Fan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Prototype Strain ◽  
Causative Pathogen ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Biological Structure ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The World

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a serious threat to global public health and social and economic development. Various vaccine platforms have been developed rapidly and unprecedentedly, and at least 16 vaccines receive emergency use authorization (EUA). However, the causative pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has continued to evolve and mutate, emerging lots of viral variants. Several variants have successfully become the predominant strains and spread all over the world because of their ability to evade the pre-existing immunity obtained after previous infections with prototype strain or immunizations. Here, we summarized the prevalence and biological structure of these variants and the efficacy of currently used vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 variants to provide guidance on how to design vaccines more rationally against the variants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document