scholarly journals Reform by Franco of Cologne as the basis of rhythmic notation

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
Mykola Khshanovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Classical Form ◽  
Musical Rhythm ◽  
Theoretical Methods ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ars Nova

The article describes the stages of development of rhythmic notation, characterizes the essence of the reform of Franco of Cologne. Its significance for the formation of the Ars Nova notation has been revealed. The research methodology is based on a combination of general-historical and theoretical methods. The Franco’s notation reform can be summed up by next basic points. Firstly, in the framework of the already existing and rather long tradition of mensural music, which began condition ally from Johannes de Garlandia (in theory, in practice – even before), the Franco’s treatise had a unifying and systematic meaning. Also, the author brilliantly summarized the groundwork of an entire epoch in the history of western rhythmic notation. If we consider the pre-Franco’s notation to be potentially mensural, then Franco puts it in a classical form that will be relevant for the next two centuries. Secondly, Franco in his reform fixes the transition from a modal notation (which is still not quite stable in terms of unambiguous reading) to the actual mensural (quite stable in this attitude). And finally, in a broader sense, the Franco’s mensural system can be considered a completely emancipated system of musical rhythm. It is not related to the rhythm of the poem, either with the rhythm of prose, or with a priori rhythmic formulas that largely comprise the content of modal rhythm. From this point of view, the mensural system represents a further step in separating music from the word, from the verse, from the grammar. The collapse and interpenetration of modes led to the idea of a triple metric unit, abstraction from modes, to the idea of perfection. The connection with modes remained, since the perfection was a triple one, but it was already a theoretical abstraction, practically equivalent to the modern concept of a bar. Further steps in this direction were made by Vitry and Muris.

Research Methodology

2013 ◽  
pp. 100-115
Author(s):  
Stéphane Ganassali ◽  
Jean Moscarola ◽  
Francesco Casarin
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Consumer Culture ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Response Process ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Different Dimensions

Considering the large number of participants and the heterogeneity of the group, the research methodology of COBEREN has been defined in a very specific way. The authors implemented a mixed methodological approach, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques, and they used a various range of numerical, verbal, and even pictorial measurements. The scope for covering different dimensions of the consumer culture was made as open as possible but had to remain acceptable from the point of view of the survey response process. Finally, they successfully combined some a priori instructions/guidelines and some a posteriori adjustments/adaptations. This chapter introduces the data collection method, the sampling aspects, the questionnaire design and translation, implemented according to the general principles of the COBEREN methodology.

Depth, Ecology, and the Deep Ecology Movement

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-303
Author(s):  
Luca Valera ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Deep Ecology ◽  
Total Field ◽  
Relational Ontology ◽  
Psychological Dimension ◽  
Ecological Self ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Arne Næss

The aim of this paper is to focus on the idea of depth developed by Arne Næss, which is related both to his research methodology and some of its anthropological/cosmological implications. Far from being purely a psychological dimension (as argued by Warwick Fox), in Næss’s perspective, the subject of depth is a methodological and ontological issue that underpins and lays the framework for the deep ecology movement. We cannot interpret the question of “depth” without considering the “relational ontology” that he himself has developed in which the “ecological self” is viewed as a “relational union within the total field.” Based on this point of view, I propose that we are able to reinterpret the history of the deep ecology movement and its future, while rereading its politics, from the issue of depth.

Craters and Tsunamis

Impact! ◽  
1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit L. Verschuur
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Moon ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Near Earth Asteroids ◽  
Lunar Basins ◽  
Rare Situation

Until the lunar explorations began in earnest in the 1960s, the Barringer crater in Arizona was believed to be one of the few, if not the only, impact crater on earth. Before the moon landings, many scientists thought that lunar craters were volcanic in origin and that the moon might be covered in a layer of volcanic dust meters thick so that astronauts would sink up to their eyeballs when disembarking from their space capsules. A pleasant sense of relief greeted the news that the first unmanned lunar spacecraft did not disappear into the dust. For a century or more it was doubted that lunar craters were produced by impacts because it was assumed that such craters would seldom be circular. It seemed obvious that circular craters could only be produced by objects falling straight down, a rare situation, since meteorites are likely to approach from random directions, especially on the moon where there is no atmosphere to slow them down before impact. W. M. Smart in 1928 stated this explicitly: “Objections to lunar craters being caused by meteors is that the craters are round and there is no a priori reason why meteors should fall vertically and in no other direction.” He also shuddered at the notion that the impactors would have to be as large as asteroids to create the lunar basins. At about the same time, Thomas Chamberlin ruled out impacts on the moon because there was no evidence for an appropriate population of objects anywhere in the solar system that could have made the craters That was in 1928 when near-earth asteroids had not yet been found, and when little was known about the history of the moon or the formation of the solar system. Richard A. Proctor in 1896, however, had concluded that because so many meteors continued to fall to earth that the planet and the solar system were still forming. To him, this made more sense than to blame the formation of the planets on “the creative fiats of the Almighty.” There is merit to his point of view, because today’s bombardment merely represents a faint, ongoing manifestation of the process of accretion that assembled the planets in the first place.

scholarly journals V..F. MILLER AND THE IRANIAN PEOPLES OF THE CARPATHIAN BASIN

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Г. САБО
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Danube Region ◽  
Made In

Опираясь на свой, безусловно, широкий кругозор, Всеволод Федорович Миллер, принимая во внимание историю иранских народов, живущих на западе, также обратил внимание на сигиннов Дунайского региона, упомянутых в главе 9 книги V, написанной Геродотом. Внимание Миллера было обращено в первую очередь на эту иранскую этническую группу, поскольку, согласно соответствующим источникам, они происходили из Мидии и даже одевались аналогично мидийскому народу. В свете открытий, обнаруженных в Карпатском бассейне, замечание Миллера о сигиннах и срединно-сармато-осетинском родстве, проясненное В.И. Абаевым, поднимает также и другие интересные вопросы в отношении иронского и дигорского диалектов осетинского языка. Отправным пунктом исследовательских направлений на сегодняшний день по-прежнему остается точка зрения В.И. Абаева, согласно которой дигорский диалект осетинского языка в сравнении с иронским в большей степени сохранил архаичные черты общего языка предков. В этом смысле упомянутые диалекты являются стадиями развития одного и того же языка, представляя собой последние фазы его эволюции. Тем не менее, многочисленные различия, наблюдающиеся в обнаруженных археологами памятниках материальной культуры, а также в обычаях носителей данных диалектов, все чаще дают основания говорить об указанных диалектах не как о разных стадиях развития одного и того же языка, а как о средстве общения двух, безусловно, взаимосвязанных, но следовавших различными путями развития, групп. Именно этим, по-видимому, и обусловлена столь существенная разница в языке. Об этих и некоторых сопутствующих раскрытию темы вопросах и пойдет речь в настоящей статье. Broad-mindedness and erudition allowed Vsevolod Fedorovich Miller, taking into account the history of the Iranian peoples living in the west, paid attention to the Sigins of the Danube region, mentioned in chapter 9 of Book V written by Herodotus. Miller's attention was drawn primarily to this Iranian ethnic group, because, according to relevant sources, they came from the Medes and even dressed similarly to the Medes. In light of the discoveries made in the Carpathian basin, Miller’s remark about the Sigins and Middle Sarmatian-Ossetian kinship, clarified by V.I. Abaev, also raises other interesting questions regarding the Ironian and Digorian dialects of the Ossetian language. The point of view of V.I. Abaeva, according to which the Digor dialect of the Ossetian language, in comparison with the Iron one, to a greater extent preserved archaic features of the common language of their ancestors remains today the starting point of research areas. In this sense, the mentioned dialects are the stages of development of the same language, representing the last phases of its evolution. Nevertheless, the numerous differences observed in the monuments of material culture discovered by archaeologists, as well as in the customs of the carriers of these dialects, increasingly give reason to speak of these dialects not as different stages of development of the same language, but as a means of communication of the two groups, interconnected, but following, different ways of their development. This, apparently, is the reason for such a significant difference in the languages. These and some issues related to the disclosure of the topic will be discussed in this article.

scholarly journals The Process Of Development Of Pedagogy As A Social Science

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 466-471
Author(s):  
Lobar Mirdjalalova ◽  
◽  
Nargiza Kayumova ◽  
Nargiza Juraeva ◽  
Dono Marasulova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Social Pedagogy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Three Stages

This article discusses the development of pedagogy as a social science. The history of the development of social pedagogy as a science has a gradual character. From this point of view it is possible to distinguish three stages of development of a science of social pedagogy.

scholarly journals Sociología de la moda, un punto de vista privilegiadoThe Sociology of Fashion. A privileged point of view

2017 ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Pedro Mansilla Viedma
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Art Object ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
Siglo Xx

Como el título sugiere, el artículo pretende reflexionar sobre el punto de vista de la sociología sobre la moda, exagerando irónicamente lo específico de su punto de vista hasta elevarlo a “privilegiado”. Utilizo esa exageración para llamar la atención sobre la doble dimensión teórica de esa mirada. Una primera, fácil de entender, y quizás de aceptar, subraya la lectura sociológica de una moda ya pasada, como puede hacerlo la historia del arte, del traje o de la moda. Otra segunda, atreviéndose a reflexionar, o a invitarnos a reflexionar, sobre su otro punto de vista. Aquel que condicionaría el nacimiento mismo de la moda desde la sociología. La moda a posteriori es analizada, la moda a priori también, y aquí, donde la moda es efecto de una causa sociológica, y no al revés, es donde radicaría el verdadero interés de mi artículo. ¿Son antes los pantalones femeninos, el traje femenino, el smoking femenino –robados psicoanalíticamente al hombre durante el siglo XX– o la emancipación de la mujer? ¿Apareció siempre la minifalda después de la liberaciónsexual femenina o alguna vez, en algún país, fue al revés? ¿El movimiento hippie creó siempre una moda hippie o la imitación de la moda hippie invitó, en su onda expansiva mundial, a un estilo de vida consecuente con ese cambio de ropa? Estamos acostumbrados a que la moda sea un efecto, ¿puede ser una causa? Estamos acostumbrados a que la sociología explique un fenómeno, ¿aceptaríamos que a veces se pueda convertir en su causa?PALABRAS CLAVE: sociología, moda, causa, objeto de arte, contexto.ABSTRACTAs the title suggests, this article aims to reflect on the sociological viewpoint on fashion, ironically exaggerating the specifics of its point of view to elevate it to the point of “privilege”. I use this exaggeration to draw attention to the theoretical double dimension of that viewpoint. A first one, easy to understand and perhaps to accept, highlights the sociological reading of past fashion trends, as may History of Art, Costume or Fashion. A second one would dare to reflect, or to invite us to reflect, on this other point of view, one that would condition the very birth of Fashion from Sociology. Fashion is analyzed both a posteriori and a priori, and here, where Fashion is the effect of a sociological cause, and not the other way round, is where the true interest of my article would lie. Do women’s trousers, women’s tailored suits, women’s tuxedos –psychoanalytically robbed from men during the twentieth century– precede the emancipation of women or is it the other way around? Didthe miniskirt always appear after women’s sexual liberation, or was it the other way around in some countries? Did the hippie movement give rise to the hippie clothes style or did the hippie style, in its worldwide expansion, invite participation in a lifestyle consistent with that change in clothing? We are used to seeing Fashion as an effect. Could it be a cause? We are used to Sociology explaining a phenomenon, would we be willing to accept that it can at times be the cause of it?KEY WORDS: sociology, fashion, cause, art object, context.

scholarly journals The Importance of Painting in Qajar Dynasty Based on the Sociology Point of View

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Behnam Pedram ◽  
Mahdi Hosseini ◽  
Gholam Reza Rahmani
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Common Culture ◽  
Library Studies ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Contemporary Painting ◽  
Visual History

<p>The paintings of Qajar dynasty are the most thriving and important artworks in Qajar dynasty. Studying Qajar painting helps importantly to identify and study the art and culture of Qajar dynasty. Existence of lots of paintings, diversity of designs, color and subject, combining tradition and modernism were factors for selecting this dynasty to investigate. As the painting is the visual history of each era, sociology studying of painting in this dynasty will make one to understand common culture and thinking of people in that society. Amount of influence of western culture especially during Naser al-Din Shah Era has been at the same time with the creation of these paintings and combination of these paintings with our past legacy schools lead us to the thinking and willing of Qajar artists. As Qajar art and different kinds of painting art were the foundation of contemporary Iran’s painting by a research around this Dynasty, the reasons of excellence, lacks and origins of contemporary painting of Iran can be understood. Research methodology at the beginning was based on library studies while there were little reading resources in books, magazines, internet, documentation, presence in places and photography and then studying of what was seen heard and read.</p>

scholarly journals Comparative characteristic of the ways of development of the Kaniv natural reserve and “Khortytsia” national reserve

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
V. Pustovalov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
History Of ◽  
Systemic Development ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
Cultural Monuments

The purpose of the article is to assess the degree of development of the Kaniv reserve from the point of view of the modern concept of development of the reserve management. The methodology. In the research we used a historical approach, a systematic approach, a comparative method was used as a main one. It is the comparative method that makes it possible to assess the state of reserves and their development prospects, to determine their strengths and weaknesses. The results. On the example of the Kaniv natural reserve, there are significant gaps in the systemic development of the organization of the work of the reserve. Kaniv reserve was founded on July 30, 1923, and Khortytsia national reserve — much later, in 1965. Both reserves are characterized by the presence of a significant number of both natural and historical and cultural sites. However, the history of the creation of the two institutions was different. If the initial stage of their existence in both cases was characterized by the complexity of nature conservation and works on the protection of monuments, then in further history one can find differences in attitudes towards historical and cultural monuments and their research. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the identification of shortcomings and omissions in the vector of development of nature reserves in Ukraine, in particular, Kaniv natural reserve. The Khortytsia national reserve retains its complexity and constantly improves the forms of study and popularization of historical and cultural monuments and their museums. Unfortunately, there is no museum in the Kaniv reserve and in general archaeological monuments are not used in the excursion work of the reserve. This article studies this problem and suggests the ways to resolve it. The practical significance of the article is to determine the possibilities of intensifying and improving the work of the reserve, in particular, increasing the level of tourism potential.

scholarly journals Justice as a function of a democratic state

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-D) ◽  
pp. 288-297
Author(s):  
Yury Alexandrovich Svirin ◽  
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Gureev ◽  
Sergej Nikolaevich Shestov ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Fomenko ◽  
Mikhail Alexandrovich Gorbunov
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Presidential Power ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

The authors analyze the history of the development of the judicial system in Russia and conclude that the court is a priori inherent in the function of legal proceedings, but the court does not always administer justice. The purpose of the study is to determine the essential features of justice, to analyze the relationship between justice and legal proceedings, to analyze the judicial process in Russia from a historical point of view, to determine the ratio of judicial and presidential power in Russia.  A historical analysis of the development of the judiciary in Russia and its independence in certain historical segments was carried out; the essence of justice was determined; the independence of such legal categories as legal proceedings and justice was proved, it was proved that legal proceedings are a priori inherent in the judicial system, while justice was carried out only in democratic states where the independence of the judiciary from other authorities is ensured.

Perspectives of Reforming the System of Interbudget Relations in Russia (in the Light of the International Experience)

2006 ◽  
pp. 112-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nazarov
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Intergovernmental Relations ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Short History ◽  
History Of

The attempts to reconstruct the instruments of interbudget relations take place in all federations. In Russia such attempts are especially popular due to the short history of intergovernmental relations. Thus the review of the ¬international experience of managing interbudget relations to provide economic and social welfare can be useful for present-day Russia. The author develops models of intergovernmental relations from the point of view of making decisions about budget authorities’ distribution. The models that can be better applied in the Russian case are demonstrated.

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