Depth, Ecology, and the Deep Ecology Movement

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-303
Author(s):  
Luca Valera ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Deep Ecology ◽  
Total Field ◽  
Relational Ontology ◽  
Psychological Dimension ◽  
Ecological Self ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Arne Næss

The aim of this paper is to focus on the idea of depth developed by Arne Næss, which is related both to his research methodology and some of its anthropological/cosmological implications. Far from being purely a psychological dimension (as argued by Warwick Fox), in Næss’s perspective, the subject of depth is a methodological and ontological issue that underpins and lays the framework for the deep ecology movement. We cannot interpret the question of “depth” without considering the “relational ontology” that he himself has developed in which the “ecological self” is viewed as a “relational union within the total field.” Based on this point of view, I propose that we are able to reinterpret the history of the deep ecology movement and its future, while rereading its politics, from the issue of depth.

THE FORMATION OF THE HISTORICAL AND LITURGICAL RESEARCH AREA IN RUSSIAN ACADEMIC SCHOLARSHIP IN THE LATE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURY. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES OF N.V. POKROVSKY AND I.A. KARABINOV

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-49
Author(s):  
Zoya M. Dashevskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Academic Scholarship ◽  
Academic Courses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Christian Worship ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

n the second half of the 19th century – especially in the period following the introduction of the Academic Constitution of 1869, and in the 1880s and continuing until the forced closure of Theological Academies after the Revolutionary coup – the historical and liturgical research area in Russian academic science experienced a period of its formation and flourishing. The subject of the article is a comparison of approaches to the study of the worship service history and analysis of the formation of the research methodology for teaching Liturgics by professors N.V. Pokrovsky and I.A. Karabinov of the St. Petersburg Theological Academy, where they taught the history of Christian worship from the 1880’s until its forced closure in 1918. Analysis and juxtapos- ing of academic courses in Liturgics allows defining the boundaries and content of the discipline in the period of its formation as well as considering the evolu- tion in research methodology and, more broadly, the formation of the Russian historical and liturgical scientific school. A comparison of the courses reveals the authors attitudes towards histori- cal sources material and its studies. Their own ideas about the provenance of various rites used in church worship characterize their views on the develop- ment of the liturgical tradition, expressing their approaches to its study and thereby form our picture of the establishment of historical Liturgics as a field of researchable knowledge.

An introduction to the history of modern Persian Sufism, Part I: The Ni'matullāhī order: persecution, revival and schism

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Lewisohn
Keyword(s):  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Thought ◽  
Literature And Philosophy ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Mystical Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Following the political upheavals of 1978, the history and development of Shiite religious thought in modern-day Persia has been the subject of detailed scholarly studies, but the modern development of Sufism—the mystical tradition that lies at the heart of traditional Persian culture, literature and philosophy, which is, from the cultural and literary point of view at least, the most fascinating aspect of the Perso-Islamic religious tradition—remains almost completely uncharted. In contrast to the classical and medieval periods of Persian Sufism which have undergone much scholarly investigation in recent years, the study of the modern period of Iranian tasawwuf, though far better known and documented, has been seriously neglected by scholars.

Saint Theophan the Recluse in the Struggle with Shtunda

2020 ◽  
pp. 230-242
Author(s):  
Варвара Викторовна Каширина
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Bible Study ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Xix Century

Объектом исследования в статье является переписка святителя Феофана с Н. В. Елагиным, протоиереем Николаем Флоринским и протоиереем Димитрием Ждановым. Тематика переписки - религиозно-нравственные братства («штунды») для изучения Библии, возникшие в начале XIX в. в южных областях Украины и быстро увеличивавшие своё влияние среди православных христиан. Методология исследования базируется на комплексном применении традиционных научных методов: источниковедческого, историко-логического и сравнительно-исторического. В результате исследования была реконструирована история издания сочинения А. Д. Ушинского «Вероучение малорусских штундистов, разобранное на основании Священного Писания в беседах православного мирянина с сектантами» против штундистов и выявлено участие в подготовке издания святителя Феофана Затворника. Труд А. Д. Ушинского, написанный при деятельном участии и поддержке святителя Феофана, явился одним из первых, посвящённых штунде. В книге были опубликованы и подробно разобраны вероучительные положения штундистов, которые ходили в рукописном виде или же распространялись только устно. The object of research in the article was the correspondence of Saint Theophan with N. V. Elagin, Archpriest Nikolai Florinsky and Archpriest Dimitri Zhdanov. The subject of the correspondence is religious and moral fraternities («shtund») for Bible study, which appeared in the early XIX century in the southern regions of Ukraine and quickly increased their influence among Orthodox Christians. The research methodology is based on the complex application of traditional scientific methods: source-based, historical-logical and comparative-historical. The study was reconstructed history of editions of works by A. D. Ushinsky «a little Creed of Stundists, dismantled on the basis of Holy Scripture in the conversations of an Orthodox layman with zealots» against Stundists identified and involved in the preparation of the edition of St. Theophan the Recluse. The work of A.D. Ushinsky, written with the active participation and support of Saint Theophan, was one of the first dedicated to shtunda. The book published and analyzed in detail the doctrinal statements of the shtundists, which went in handwritten form or were distributed only orally.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ПОНУДИТЕЛЬНОГО ЗАЛОГА (на материале кыргызского и турецкого языков)

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Айгүл Турсунова
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Real ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Semantic Point ◽  
Linguistic Methods ◽  
The Relationship

Баарыбызга маалым болгондой аркылуу мамиле этишке мүнөздүү категория. Мамиле категорияларынын эӊ негизги өзгөчөлүгү - кыймыл-аракеттин субъектиси менен объектисинин ортосундагы мамиле, б.а. сүйлөмдө ээлик милдет аткарган сөздүн же кыймыл-аракеттин чыныгы аткаруучусунун субъект же объект экендигин аныктайт. Алардын ичинен аркылуу мамиле кыймыл-аракеттин башка бирөө тарабынан иштелгенин билдирет. Биз бул эмгегибизде кыргыз тилиндеги мамиле категорияларынан - аркылуу мамилени тарыхый жана маанилик жактан анализдемекчибиз. Маанилерди аныктоодо бул мамиленин байыркы Көктүркчөдөн азыркы убакка чейинки басып өткөн жолу талданып, кандай лигвистикалык методдор менен түзүлөрүнө да кеӊири токтолдук. Макалабызда кыргыз тили менен түрк тили негизге алынды. Категория залога - есть необходимая категория языковой мысли, присущая общению. Важнейшей особенностью категорий залога является отношение между субъектом и объектом действия. В предложении данная категория определяет, является ли реальный исполнитель слова или действия, выполняющий функцию, субъектом или объектом, и означает ли что действие было разработано кем-то другим. В этой статье мы проанализируем категорию залога с исторической и семантической точек зрения в кыргызском языке. Определяя значения, мы будем анализировать историю этих залогов от древнего Коктюрского времени до наших дней и подробно обсуждать лингвистические методы, с помощью которых они сформированы. Наша статья основана на материале кыргызского и турецкого языков. The collateral category is a necessary category of linguistic thought inherent in communication. The most important feature of the categories of collateral is the relationship between the subject and the object of the action. In a sentence, this category determines whether the real performer of a word or action performing a function is a subject or an object, and means that the action was designed by someone else. In this article, we will analyze the category of collateral from a historical and semantic point of view in the Kyrgyz language. By defining the meanings, we will analyze the history of these pledges from ancient Cocturian times to the present day and discuss in detail the linguistic methods by which they were formed. Our article is based on the material of the Kyrgyz and Turkish languages.

New technologies for data and image storage and their application to the history of art

1982 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Greenhalgh
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Image Storage ◽  
General Terms ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

In general terms, this paper is about the possibilities newly available to art historians, because of the new cheapness, of computing, and the problems which still exist in the areas of data and image storage, retrieval and display. First it tries to assess the technology from a layman’s point of view, then ventures into the contentious matter of how many art historians (in these days of reduced funding) are either able or willing to take advantage (if there are advantages) of new technology. Threading throughout the paper are doubts about whether the use of computers can or will advance the study of the subject (as opposed to making that study easier), and about whether the finance for some of the hardware mentioned could ever be raised by any non-scientific department.

IV. John Lingard and the Simancas Archives

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-76
Author(s):  
Edwin Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
English History ◽  
Parish Priest ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Source Materials

John Lingard (1771–1851) was the first English historian to attempt to look at the history of England in the sixteenth century from an international point of view. He was unconvinced by the story of the Reformation in England as found in the works of previous historians such as Burnet and Hume, and believed that new light needed to be thrown on the subject. One way of doing this was to look at English history from the outside, so to speak, and Lingard held it to be a duty of the historian ‘to contrast foreign with native authorities, to hold the balance between them with an equal hand, and, forgetting that he is an Englishman, to judge impartially as a citizen of the world’. In pursuit of this ideal Lingard can be said to have given a new dimension to the source materials for English history. As parish priest in the small village of Hornby, near Lancaster, Lingard had few opportunities for travel. But he made good use of his various friends and former pupils at Douai and Ushaw colleges who were settled now in various parts of Europe. It was with the help of these friends that Lingard made contacts with and gained valuable information from archives in France, Italy and Spain. We shall concern ourselves here only with the story of Lingard's contacts with the great Spanish State Archives at Simancas.

Fortress Under Siege: A New German History

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Brady Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
German History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Berlin Republic ◽  
German People ◽  
Ancient Forests ◽  
German Historian

Measured against its subject, German history from the ancient forests to the “Berlin Republic,” A Mighty Fortress: A New History of the German People by Steven Ozment is a very short book. Karl Lamprecht (1856–1915) required some 6,000 pages in twelve volumes to cover the subject, and he had no twentieth century to master. Ozment's book is readable. It moves along in the athletic style and at the brisk pace we expect from him and is largely free of the sarcasms that pepper some of his earlier (though not the earliest) writings. The most surprising thing about A Mighty Fortress is that it was written at all. Why no German historian would tackle the subject today needs no explanation, but it is truly curious that a foreigner would essay the task. Yet Ozment has done just that. The product is a book easy and fun to read, in many respects better entertainment than history. A Mighty Fortress' point of view is so obstinately personal, its attitude toward established scholarship so brusque, and its narrative so broken and at times opaque, that only generous quotations can supply a fair impression of the book.

The San Patricio Deserters in the Mexican War

1951 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Blaine McCornack
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Army ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mexican War ◽  
Irish Immigrants ◽  
Catholic Faith ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
American Army

One of the perplexing problems in the history of the Mexican War has been the account of a body of deserters from the American army which called itself the San Patricio Battalion. Many of these deserters were being tried and executed or severely punished as the troops of General Scott pushed into the heart of Mexico’s capital. The account of the desertion of the San Patricios has been the subject of much debate, a great deal of it bitter, between historians with either a Catholic or Protestant point of view. Many Protestant writers have been prone to use this event as an illustration of placing faith above patriotism, the desertions being laid at the door of the Mexican clergy who are charged with actively attempting to entice Catholic soldiers among the American forces, largely recent German and Irish immigrants, to leave the army of a Protestant power bent on the destruction of a Catholic nation and on the spoliation of the temples of the Catholic faith. Catholic writers have been quick to issue a full denial of such charges. To date most of the charges and countercharges concerning the San Patricio Battalion have been based almost exclusively on secondary evidence. The essential truth of the matter would appear to be obtainable only from the actual records of the deserters in the files of the United States Army. It is on these records that this article is based.

The Rutherford Memorial Lecture, 1956 The discovery of atomic number

1956 ◽  
Vol 236 (1206) ◽  
pp. 285-296 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Daily Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
Element Number ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

In a Rutherford Memorial Lecture there are two alternative courses that might be taken. One is to describe one or other of the great developments that have later followed out from the many things which Rutherford started; the other is to describe some aspect of his own work from a historical point of view. If, as we hope and intend, the institution of these lectures should survive for many years, the first policy will probably be more useful in later times, but there still remain a number of people who lived through the wonderful experiences of those days, and while we survive it may be more interesting perhaps for us to leave some small records of what we saw. But there seems little purpose in merely giving again and again a biography recounting all the things that Rutherford did, and so I have chosen one item from among his discoveries, and I propose to give an account of this. It is the discovery of Atomic Number. I am going to try and give a picture of this whole subject; in it Rutherford of course played the leading part, but others made very important contributions, and it will be the whole history of it that I shall try to describe, and not merely his part in it. In the history of science there has been every now and then what I may call an ‘easy’ discovery, by which I do not in the least mean that it was easy to discover, but that when discovered it is so easy to understand, that it is difficult afterwards to see how people had got on without it. One example of such an ‘easy’ discovery was the discovery by Copernicus that the earth goes round the sun. After his time it was possible for anyone almost to forget what astronomy had been like before his day, and yet we have to recognize that the subject had been studied for three or four thousand years by many exceedingly intelligent men. Atomic number is another such ‘easy’ discovery. Any recent book on chemistry or physics describes the chemical elements in terms of it, and now with the development of atomic energy, even the daily press discusses quite readily the differences between uranium 238 and 235, and possibly even recalls that uranium is element number 92. In all the doubts that we may have about how future scientific discoveries will reshape our outlook on the world, we can feel sure that this one thing will never be changed; that the isotopes of the atoms of chemical elements will always have known atomic numbers and atomic weights. It now seems so simple that it is hard to believe how recently it was all discovered, and I want to show you that this ‘easy’ discovery was not at all easy to make.

scholarly journals Reform by Franco of Cologne as the basis of rhythmic notation

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
Mykola Khshanovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Classical Form ◽  
Musical Rhythm ◽  
Theoretical Methods ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ars Nova

The article describes the stages of development of rhythmic notation, characterizes the essence of the reform of Franco of Cologne. Its significance for the formation of the Ars Nova notation has been revealed. The research methodology is based on a combination of general-historical and theoretical methods. The Franco’s notation reform can be summed up by next basic points. Firstly, in the framework of the already existing and rather long tradition of mensural music, which began condition ally from Johannes de Garlandia (in theory, in practice – even before), the Franco’s treatise had a unifying and systematic meaning. Also, the author brilliantly summarized the groundwork of an entire epoch in the history of western rhythmic notation. If we consider the pre-Franco’s notation to be potentially mensural, then Franco puts it in a classical form that will be relevant for the next two centuries. Secondly, Franco in his reform fixes the transition from a modal notation (which is still not quite stable in terms of unambiguous reading) to the actual mensural (quite stable in this attitude). And finally, in a broader sense, the Franco’s mensural system can be considered a completely emancipated system of musical rhythm. It is not related to the rhythm of the poem, either with the rhythm of prose, or with a priori rhythmic formulas that largely comprise the content of modal rhythm. From this point of view, the mensural system represents a further step in separating music from the word, from the verse, from the grammar. The collapse and interpenetration of modes led to the idea of a triple metric unit, abstraction from modes, to the idea of perfection. The connection with modes remained, since the perfection was a triple one, but it was already a theoretical abstraction, practically equivalent to the modern concept of a bar. Further steps in this direction were made by Vitry and Muris.

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