scholarly journals Lezhnytsia, “Chub” site – an example of functioning of a settlement microregion of the funnel beaker culture in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 66-87
Author(s):  
Wojciech Pasterkiewicz ◽  
Andriy Havinskyi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Network System ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
Funnel Beaker Culture ◽  
Small Sites ◽  
Farm Buildings

The aim of this article is an attempt to reconstruct the settlement network and settlement conditions for the Funnel Beaker Culture (FBC) site «Chub» in Lezhnytsia near Ivanychi, in the Volhynian Upland. The excavation research carried out in this place in 1933-1934 and in 1962 uncovered the vast FBC settlement with stable dwelling and farm buildings (7 immovable constructions in total). The collection of movable artefacts allows us to relate the functioning of the settlement to the last quarter of the fourth thousandBC and makes it parallel with the sites type Gródek II, Zymne II in the Volhynian Upland and Vynnyky, site «Lysivka» and Mali Hrybovychi, site «Chorna Hora» in Roztocze. Due to the amount of exploration studies and information obtained about the microregion around Lezhnytsia, it is one of the best archaeologically recognized areas in Ukraine. Favourable environmental conditions (soil, river network system) and the presence of natural resources (flint and copper) had a great impact on the settlement concentration there. Speaking ofthe sites, their various functions have been discovered (settlements, camps, traces of economic activity, mass finds of flint artefacts). Regarding the preserved layout of the FBC settlement points around Lezhnytsia, certain features of spatial organization can be found. As for the central parts of the analyzed area, there are settlements together with a large number of single finds («treasures» of flint blades) in their vicinity, as well as smaller settlements. They are accompanied by small sites that were probably only used occasionally or temporally. These systems resemble structures known from other areas of Ukraine (Vynnyky, Zymne) and the upper Vistula basin of that period. The TRB communities living in the Lezhnytsia region, due to the network of trade connections, played an important role in the cultural transformations in the fourth thousand BC. Their effect was the distribution of local West Volhynian flint of the Turonian period to the western regions of the TRB range (i.e. to the Vistula basin) and the cultural elements related to the Baden culture in eastern areas (a central part of the Horyn basin). Key words: Funnel Beaker Culture, Volhynian Upland, microregional studies.

Theoretical and methodological approaches to environmental and economic assessment of the Baikal territory

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-56
Author(s):  
S.M. Nikonorov ◽  
S.N. Kirillov ◽  
S.V. Solovieva ◽  
A.A. Pakina
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
Management Efficiency ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Current assessments of sustainability are based on traditional indicators and need to be adjusted. The article analyzes the factors of environmental management efficiency and shows the interdependence of ecosystems’ state and economic development on example of the Baikal natural area. The development of economic activity in the region largely dependson the ability to use the water resources of the lake Baikal, which is experiencing a significant anthropogenic load, and the basis for the regulation of natural resources are prohibitive and restrictive mechanisms that do not take into account the interests of the local population. The article proposes approaches to improving the assessment of development, taking into account the socio-economic and environmental indicators of the Baikal natural area.

Social change in the Later Neolithic of Central Europe

Antiquity ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (225) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Starling
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Uniform Pattern ◽  
Funnel Beaker Culture ◽  
Small Sites ◽  
Important Shift ◽  
Complete Collapse

Profound changes occurred in central and northern Europe towards the end of the 3rd millennium bcX, when a uniform pattern of settlement, burial and material culture-the Corded Ware complexreplaced the diversity of the middle neolithic groups of the TRB (or Funnel Beaker Culture). Collective graves and large settlement sites gave way to individual burials in a largely dispersed pattern of settlement based on small sites. This was accompanied by a spread of sites into hitherto uncolonized areas, and a greater variety of locations used for settlement. This major change might at first seem to indicate a complete collapse of the earlier system, with an undifferentiated pattern replacing the apparent beginnings of hierarchies indicated by the Middle Neolithic. Kristiansen ( I 982) has recently suggested for Denmark that the middle neolithic system disintegrated, fitting a model of cyclical tribal development. It is suggested here, however, that the transformation of the middle neolithic pattern is better seen as a changed structure, which does not involve concepts such as disintegration or collapse, but marks an important shift in the organization of neolithic societies.

scholarly journals Confusion and Panic: Health & Environment

1970 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Lebanese American University
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
The World

Health concerns have gained proportional attention among the peoples and governments of the world. Or at least it looks that way! Terms like Cholesterol, Triglyceride, Diabetes, Tumor, Benign, Malignant are all too familiar to many. Health food and diets have mushroomed into large money making industries. I wonder if they are life-saving too! Furthermore, it is becoming more difficult to separate between health and environment. Hence, the deterioration of health conditions all over the world is closely associated to impairments in environmental conditions and natural resources.

scholarly journals SUBMISSION OF ADMINISTRATIVE DECISIONS OF USING RECREATION AND TOURIST TERRITORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE ACTIVITY TYPES

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3(68)) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
К.O. KOSTETSKA
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Recreational Resources

Topicality. All relationships in the field of nature use begin with the legislative framework on the protection of nature and its individual components, which defines the functions of the state regulating environmental activities, as well as defined rights and responsibilities of environmental users. In most developed countries, it is a law on nature conservation or environmental acts that establishes the general principles and objectives of a policy designed to ensure the conceptual uniformity and integrity of all legislative practice in the use, protection and restoration of natural resources. System and methods of administrative management in using natural resources are based on: system of legislative acts of the country and the region; a system of normative-directive and methodological (obligatory to use) documents of state bodies; system of plans, programs, projects, tasks; operational management system. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to justify institutional reforms in order to ensure the implementation of environmental legislation, the division of powers of environmental authorities at the national, regional and municipal levels on the procedure for decision-making and its implementation. Research results. The lack of coordination control functions using natural resources, namely the lack of a horizontal connection between the supervisory authorities, leads to the fact that many bodies control the same natural resource. First of all, the uncontrolled tourism activity with the use of recreational resources is observed. Thus, the main task of the state administration should be to assess the quantitative and qualitative equivalents of existing and potential natural resources and determine the strategic directions of their management, their use and protection by business entities and households. In this case, it is necessary to determine with which mechanisms to achieve the optimal use of recreational and tourist resources while minimizing environmental damage, minimizing costs and maximizing the social, economic and environmental effects of their use.Conclusions. Taking into account the economic effect that the country can have, it is expedient to take into account not only the economic potential of the recreational and tourist territory, but also the development of alternative activities on it. Control the enterprises located in this territory and conduct their economic activity with the use or extraction and subsequent resale of the recreational resource. Principal is the redistribution of taxes from economic activity to the restoration of recreational resources at the urban level. It is necessary to provide methodological explanations regarding tax provisions and benefits to enterprises involved in this process, taking into account the status of the territory in which the recreation process has arisen, taking into account the medical characteristics of the territory and the extraction of natural resources in this territory.

scholarly journals Organization and management of the development of ecological tourism in a circular economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 01026
Author(s):  
Oleksii Hutsaliuk ◽  
Iuliiа Bondar ◽  
Nataliіа Sereda ◽  
Oksana Babych ◽  
Inna Shchoholieva
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Ecological Tourism

In the modern world, the question of the interaction of society and nature is one of the most acute problems among those facing humanity. Today, rapid economic development is causing a significant increase in the use and, consequently, depletion of natural resources. This necessitates the search for a new economic model that could break the link between economic growth and the depletion of natural resources. The study substantiates the theoretical aspects of eco-tourism as an important component of the strategy of sustainable development of tourism in Ukraine. The priority directions of sustainable development of tourism in the context of modernization of economic activity of Ukraine are outlined. The main directions of greening of the tourist sphere are considered. The main functions and principles of eco-tourism are formed and the relevance of the research and the need to develop prospects for the development of eco-tourism in Ukraine are substantiated. The concept of circular economy is a new economic model that manages the development of ecotourism, which allows to resolve the growing contradiction between the need to meet the growing needs of tourists and the limited number of natural, social, economic resources of host destinations in a deteriorating environment.

Comprehensive Assessment of the Natural and Economic Potential of Ukraine's Sustainable Development: The Methodology of the Formation

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Khvesyk ◽  
◽  
Hanna Obykhod ◽  
Yuliia Khvesyk ◽  
Miroslaw Wasilewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Study Results

Overcoming destructive changes in the processes of transformation of the natural resource use of territorial communities requires the development of new approaches aimed at ensuring a balance of interests and effective interaction between the authorities, business, and the state in the field of environmental management. An urgent task is to form an updated systemic organization of spatial natural and economic formations to implement integrated management of the natural resource potential of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the methodology of a system-integrated assessment of the natural and economic potential of Ukraine in the context of sustainable development. The methodological basis of the research is the subject-object method. The dialectical method of applying economic laws, analysis, synthesis, economic-statistical, monographic, and abstract-logical methods was used to generalize the results obtained. Ways of solving the problems of transforming the model of state influence on the modernization processes of public-private forms of ensuring sustainable development of territories were proposed. It will allow finding a balance in the structure of resource management, in the plane of the spatial organization of natural economic activity. The authors focus on forming management systems at the lower territorial level. The updated, by modern requirements, methodology for assessing the efficiency of using the space of economic activity has been substantiated. It has been proved that an actual result can be achieved when considering three fundamental regularities of ensuring the efficiency of production and economic, interregional and intersectoral interaction of regional social, economic, and ecological systems. These study results are the basis for forming a systemic and universal concept of the transition of Ukraine and its regions to sustainable development in conditions of resource constraints and the constant strengthening of social, political, military, environmental, and economic threats and risks.

Success and failure of sand goby culture.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Khanh Pham
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Sand Goby ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Wild Seed

Abstract The success in the seed production of the sand goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata) has contributed to the protection of natural resources and the availability of seed for aquaculture. About 30-50 million sand goby fingerlings are produced in hatcheries for domestic and export markets every year. Grow-out production systems of sand goby developed in the 1990s. It helped to increase the incomes of many fish farmers and contributed to the country's foreign exchange earnings. Constraints to hatchery-produced seed for grow-out have resulted in difficulties for sand goby seed producers. Hatchery-produced seed commands a higher price than wild seed and thus is not able to completely replace the natural seed supply. However, wild seed is of uneven size and capture methods are not standardized, resulting in the fish body being easily scratched, leading to disease and mortality. The fish is sensitive to changes in environmental conditions and vulnerable to diseases which are difficult to treat. The market for this species is also limited.

Barbuda and the Provisioning of the Codrington Estates on Antigua

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Unique Form ◽  
The People ◽  
Sugar Plantations ◽  
Labor System

For most of the colonial period, the Codrington family had exclusive control over the island of Barbuda. Deploying the labor of enslaved African workers, they developed the island into an important source of food and other supplies to provision their sugar plantations on nearby Antigua. This chapter examines how Barbuda’s natural resources, built landscape, and labor system were all directed toward that purpose. In particular, it compares the Codringtons’ management strategies with those of Samuel Martin and William Byam, who sub-leased the island from 1746 to 1761. In addition, Anderson argues that enslaved people on Barbuda experienced a unique form of bondage geared toward herding and cultivation of food crops rather than sugar production. It also examines how the particular environmental conditions on Barbuda both offered opportunities and presented challenges for the people lived and worked there.

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