OLGERD BOCHKOVSKYI: THE ATTITUDE OF THE CZECHS AND TOMÁŠ GARRIGUE MASARYK TO THE UKRAINIAN ISSUE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 178-216
Author(s):  
Ivan Pater
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
International Forum ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
Ideological Influence ◽  
Final Settlement ◽  
First Time ◽  
Political Figure

The author analyzes works of Olgerd Ipolyt Bochkovskyi about such "awakeners" of the Czech national revival as František Palacký, František Ladislav Rieger, Jan Koubek, Karel Havlíček Borovský, Karel Havík Janophiles who were Slavophiles and in individual actions Russophiles, but at the same time really and correctly assessed the Ukrainian issue, for the first time brought it to an international forum. They supported the Ukrainians' language and rights in 1849 in the Austrian post-revolutionary parliament against Polish and Russian fraud, the independence of the Ukrainian people among the Slavs. The "awakeners" were against Russian claims to the Ukrainian Galicia, Bukovina and Transcarpathia, the anti-Ukrainian policy of tsarism, and defended the leading role of Ukraine in the final settlement of inter-Slavic relations. O. Bochkovskyi's journalistic activity in different European magazines is revealed. Special attention is paid to the coverage of the Ukrainian issue, the situation of Galician-Bukovynian Ukrainians, the national development of the Slavic peoples. The ideological influence of the notable Czech scientist, public and political figure Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk on the scientific way of Olgerd Bochkovskyi as a sociologist and nationalist is highlighted. In the works of O. Bochkovskyi, it was emphasized that T. Masaryk, before the war interpreted the Ukrainian question, based primarily on the real content and vitality of the Ukrainian movement. He emphasized the absolute undoubted right of Ukrainians to self-determination and political independence. It is noted that concerning the Ukrainian issue T. Masaryk had mainly political reasons. It is stated that O. Bochkovskyi proved T. Masaryk's warnings against Ukraine's independence during the war by recent history and the adjustment of life. The author singled out tactics and methods of the Czechoslovak liberation action as the top of T. Masaryk's nation-building art, a perfect example for Ukraine in further liberation directions, the guarantee of the future triumph of Ukrainian independence. Keywords: Olgerd Bochkovskyi, Tomáš Masaryk, Ukraine, Ukrainian issue, Ukrainians, Czechs, independence, statehood.

scholarly journals Dynamics of intravital concentration of amino acid metabolites in human brain in post-traumatic period

2019 ◽  
Vol 484 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
N. A. Semenova ◽  
P. E. Menshchikov ◽  
A. V. Manzhurtsev ◽  
M. V. Ublinskiy ◽  
T. A. Akhadov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Acid Metabolites ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
First Time

Intracellular concentrations of N acetyaspartate (NAA), aspartate (Asp) and glutamate (Glu) were determined for the first time in human brain in vivo, and the effect of severe traumatic brain injury on NAA synthesis in acute and late post-traumatic period was investigated. In MRI‑negative frontal lobes one day after injury Asp and Glu levels were found to decrease by 45 and 35%, respectively, while NAA level decreased by only 16%. A negative correlation between NAA concentration and the ratio of Asp/Glu concentrations was found. In the long-term period, Glu level returned to normal, Asp level remained below normal by 60%, NAA level was reduced by 65% relative to normal, and Asp/Glu ratio significantly decreased. The obtained results revealed leading role of the neuronal aspartate-malate shuttle in violation of NAA synthesis.

scholarly journals Crise politique et transnationalisation de l’État en Amérique latine : une interprétation théorique

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Nef
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
National Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
State Terrorism ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
Acute Crisis

If the crisis of the state has been a common trait in Latin America, its manifestations have not been the same throughout the continent. This article examines two general and apparently contraditory trends : the trend toward authoritarian capitalism resulting from the crisis of hegemony in South America and the trend towards popularly-based insurgency resulting from a crisis of domination in most of Central America. The author bases his general interpretation of these trends on the analysis of the historical and structural relationships between four factors identified as responsible for the drastic change in the role of the state, from "national development" to "national security" : the crisis in the model of accumulation, the growing polarization of political alliance, the transnationalization of the civil society and the state, and the interplay between relative autonomy of the state and transnationalization. He finds that the combination of transnational integration of the Latin American elites into one U.S.-centered project with hegemonic pretensions, and a growing marginalization and alienation on the part of the bulk of the internal constituencies has brought about an acute crisis of both legitimation and domination. As violence becomes the most common political currency -with repression and plain state terrorism evolving into a distinct style of politics - and the prospects towards redemocratization being very fragile, the author concludes that revolutionary struggles may be the only possibility for an indigenous redefinition of development, national self-determination and democracy.

scholarly journals The role of mitochondria in the molecular and cellular effects of radon

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
O.V. Bulgakova ◽  
◽  
G.A. Toksabayeva ◽  
A.A. Aripova ◽  
A.Zh. Kausbekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cellular Effects ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Unique Cell ◽  
First Time

Mitochondria are unique cell organoids that have their own mitochondrial DNA. They are involved in the regulation of many processes, such as cell survival, apoptosis, and cellular metabolism. It has long been known that mitochondria play a leading role in the mechanism of malignant transformation in the development of many neoplasms. Radon is a radioactive inert gas, is recognized as a carcinogen and, according to the World Health Organization, it is the second cause of lung cancer after smoking. Radon is found in soil, water and air in various concentrations. Radon migrates from the soil and rocks into the surrounding air, as a result of which it accumulates in poorly ventilated or closed rooms. Such areas represent the primary environment in which people are exposed to radioactive radon radiation. Radon penetrates through cracks in the Earth's crust and accumulates in the lower layers of the atmosphere. An increase in the concentration of radon in the air is observed in regions rich in uranium deposits, as well as near uranium mines. However, at the moment, the mechanisms of malignant transformation induced by radon are still not completely clear. In this review, we consider for the first time the most modern understanding of the role of mitochondria in the molecular and cellular effects of ionizing radiation, including radon. This kind of knowledge can be of great importance for improving the antitumor effectiveness of radiation therapy, as well as for reducing damage to healthy cells exposed to ionizing radiation and protecting the population living in an area potentially dangerous for radon manifestations.

scholarly journals Financing Innovation in Brazil: the role of the Brazilian Development Bank

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-66
Author(s):  
Graziela Zucoloto ◽  
Mauro Oddo Nogueira ◽  
Larissa de Souza Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
National Development ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
Innovative Process ◽  
First Time ◽  
Development Institution

This paper presents the role of the National Development Bank (BNDES), the main public development agency in Brazil, in financing technological innovation. The scarcity of financing for innovation has always been considered as a limiters to Brazilian technological development. And, given the characteristics of the innovative process, public funding plays a central role. Therefore, understanding the evolution of the role of the BNDES - one of the largest development banks in the world - in stimulating innovation is essential. Firstly, it presents a historical description of the Bank's activities, followed by a brief description of the measures to support innovation in Brazil over the last two decades. In the third section we discuss the evolution of BNDES as a financing agent for technological development, including the instruments offered by the institution and their reformulations over time. In the fourth section, the profile of innovation expenditures carried out by BNDES, according to their origin (instruments used) and destination (sectors and profile of companies supported), is evaluated. Finally, the fifth section presents the final considerations.The differential of this article is to detail, for the first time, the participation of this relevant Brazilian institution in financing innovation. The analysis has an institutional approach: it does not present an impact analysis, but it allows the reader to understand the changes in the instruments and in the priorities that the institution has assumed in the last decades. This analysis is essential to understand the logic and evolution of the country's largest development institution.

scholarly journals ACYLATED FLAVONOIDS OF SPIRAEA GENUS AS α-AMYLASE INHIBITORS

2017 ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Нина (Nina) Игоревна (Igorevna) Кащенко (Kashchenko) ◽  
Надежда (Nadezhda) Константиновна (Konstantinovna) Чирикова (Chirikova) ◽  
Даниил (Daniil) Николаевич (Nikolaevich) Оленников (Olennikov)
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Extractive Substances ◽  
Deciduous Shrubs ◽  
Rosaceae Family ◽  
Amylase Inhibitors ◽  
First Time

Spiraea L. is a genus of deciduous shrubs of Rosaceae family widespread on the territory of Eastern Siberia. As a result of the study of six Spiraea species growing on the Baikal region, it was shown that they characterized by a high content of phenolic compounds and their extracts had an inhibitory effect on α-amylase. The use of correlation analysis made it possible to reveal the leading role of flavonoids as carriers of the biological effect of extracts. The most active was the extract of S. salicifolia leaves with an IC50 value 69,30 μg/mL After fractionation and chromatographic separation of the extractive substances, 18 compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of S. salicifolia and fifteen of them for the first time for the species, including trifolin, 6′′-O-caffeoyl-hyperoside, 6′′-O-caffeoyl-isoquercitrin, 6′′-O-caffeoyl-astragalin, 1-O-p-hydroxybenzoyl-6-O-p-coumaroyl-β-d-glucopyranoside, 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid, isoramnetinin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, tiliroside, isoramnetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, 1-O-cis-cinnamoyl-6-O-(2′-methylene-4′-hydroxybutyroyl)-β-d-glucopyranose, 1-О-(4′′-hydroxy-3′′-methylfurane-2′′-one)-6-О-trans-cinnamoyl-β-d-glucopyranose, 1-О-(4′′-hydroxy-3′′-methylfurane-2′′-one)-6-О-cis-cinnamoyl-β-d-glucopyranose, 6-tuliposide A and tulipalin A. The most active inhibitors of α-amylase were flavonoid caffeoyl glycosides with 6′′-O-caffeoyl-hyperoside as a most effective inhibitor with IC50 value 46.18 μg/mL. Latter compound determined the total anti-α-amylase effect of S. salicifolia. The content of 6′′-O-caffeoyl-hyperoside in leaves of S. salicifolia was 0,60-10,53 mg/g and flavonoids – 12,02-23,17 mg/g. This study demonstrated the fact that the acylated flavonoids of Spiraea are effective inhibitors of α-amylase.

scholarly journals Inter-sexual multimodal communication during mating in wild geladas: the leading role of females

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Zanoli ◽  
Marco Gamba ◽  
Alban Lemasson ◽  
Ivan Norscia ◽  
Elisabetta Palagi
Keyword(s):  
Success Probability ◽  
Multimodal Communication ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Vocal Behavior ◽  
Honest Signals ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Mating Calls ◽  
First Time ◽  
Signal Exchange

Abstract Female primates can emit vocalizations associated with mating that can function as honest signals of fertility. Here, we investigated the role of mating calls and visual signals in female geladas Theropithecus gelada. Since females have a central role in the gelada society and seem to solicit sexual interactions, we answered whether they emit vocalizations in conjunction with gazing to increase mating success probability. Before and during copulations, females can emit pre-copulation calls and copulation calls. For the first time, we identified a new female vocalization emitted at the final stage of copulations (end-copulation call), possibly marking the occurrence of ejaculation. We found that longer pre-copulation call sequences were followed by both prolonged copulations and the presence of end-copulation calls thus suggesting that females use pre-copulation calls to ensure successful copula completion. Moreover, we found that different combinations of female vocal types and gazing had different effects on male vocal behavior and motivation to complete the copula. The analysis of the vocal and visual signals revealed a complex inter-sexual multimodal chattering with the leading role of females in the signal exchange. Such chattering, led by females, modulates male sexual arousal, thus increasing the probability of the copula success.

scholarly journals Military scientific libraries at the First All-Russia Congress of Libraries (On 110-th anniversary of the Congress)

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-128
Author(s):  
A. M. Panchenko ◽  
Yu. V. Timofeeva
Keyword(s):  
Academic Libraries ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Libraries ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Study

For the first time, the findings of the comprehensive study of the contribution of military scientific libraries to the First All-Russia Congress of Libraries held on June 1-7, 1911, are published. The study was based on archival and prerevolutionary published sources. Four participation forms are distinguished: 1) preparation for the congress (leading role in various commissions organizational, preparatory commission for academic and special libraries, presidium of the section of public, academic and special libraries, as well as in the development of questionnaires for academic libraries); 2) work at the congress (speeches delivered by A. R. Voynich-Syanozhentsky and S. D. Maslovsky, discussions, chairing sections, secretarial responsibilities at the sections); 3) activity at the exhibition (presentations); 4) analysis and evaluation of the congress and its results. The study enabled to specify, systematize and significantly expand the knowledge of the role of military scientific libraries in preparation, organization and work of the First All-Russia Congress of Libraries. The historical experience of joint efforts of military and other library types evidences on the efficiency of such cooperation and the need to use it at the present stage.The findings will be useful for the professionals at military scientific and scientific libraries developing cooperation, as well as for researchers investigating into the history of military libraries, and organizers of library events, e.g. congresses, forums, congresses, symposia, assemblies.

scholarly journals Updating the Content of Higher Education in the Context of Modern Sociocultural Trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
E. E. Shishlova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Sociocultural Values ◽  
Postindustrial Era ◽  
First Time

In the article, on the basis of the culturological concept of the content of education as an adapted social experience, as well as the practice of its implementation in vocational training as purposeful and declared, the essence of its explicit, hidden and implicit components is differentiated for the first time. The leading role of the hidden content of education in the transmission of sociocultural values is revealed, which ensures the formation of the value-worldview characteristics of the personality of a competent graduate, capable of effective professional activity in the conditions of sociocultural transformations of the postindustrial era. The dynamic structure of the hidden education content is revealed, which includes communicative and subject components and which made it possible to determine the directions of its update by the sociocultural aspect. The update of the education content in the context of the growing role of the cultural factor in social development is realized through the sociocultural reflection of the transmitted social experience, for the development of which the diagnostic-forming methodology “My sociocultural values” has been developed. As a result of the update of the hidden education content by the sociocultural aspect, it is transformed into an implicit (updated hidden), which, while not being declared, but being adapted and purposeful in reflecting and translating sociocultural experience, improves the training of specialists in various directions and profiles, implements the leading principle of higher education.

Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica W. Y. Liu ◽  
A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Rachel M. Roberts ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

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