scholarly journals Sacrifice for (not) buying: how to measure sacrifice in the consumer context

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. e478101321556
Author(s):  
Jairo de Pontes Gomes ◽  
Salomão Alencar de Farias ◽  
Marianny Jessica de Brito Silva
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Purchase Intent ◽  
Factorial Experiments ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Multimethod Approach ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Sacrifice ◽  
Different Levels

This paper describes what the sacrifice is for consumption and proposes a scale to measure the sacrifice for (not) buying products. A multimethod approach was applied to achieve the proposed objectives. Initially, three qualitative studies were carried out (two focus groups and one interview with experts). Then, three quantitative studies were conducted (two online and a survey), and finally, two factorial experiments, 2x2 were developed. The act of sacrifice was understood as an exchange process in which some kind of benefit is sought, a fact that also consolidates the definition of sacrifice presented as the willingness to give up something that has value (monetary or not) in order to obtain some benefit (emotional and/or material) of greater importance. Furthermore, the existence of positive and negative elements in the sacrifice for (not) buying products, described as valence and instrumentality, respectively, was identified. It was also found that different levels of valence and instrumentality affect purchase intent. The elements that comprise the sacrifice for (not) buying products were presented, highlighting a definition that can reduce the doubts about what sacrifice is in the context of consumption, as well as how to measure it.

Development and Evaluation of Fuzzy Criteria for the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-P. Adlassnig ◽  
G. Kolarz ◽  
H. Leitich
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
American Rheumatism Association ◽  
Uniform Definition ◽  
Sensitivity Rate ◽  
Fuzzy Techniques ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Specificity Rate

Abstract:In 1987, the American Rheumatism Association issued a set of criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to provide a uniform definition of RA patients. Fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic were used to transform this set of criteria into a diagnostic tool that offers diagnoses at different levels of confidence: a definite level, which was consistent with the original criteria definition, as well as several possible and superdefinite levels. Two fuzzy models and a reference model which provided results at a definite level only were applied to 292 clinical cases from a hospital for rheumatic diseases. At the definite level, all models yielded a sensitivity rate of 72.6% and a specificity rate of 87.0%. Sensitivity and specificity rates at the possible levels ranged from 73.3% to 85.6% and from 83.6% to 87.0%. At the superdefinite levels, sensitivity rates ranged from 39.0% to 63.7% and specificity rates from 90.4% to 95.2%. Fuzzy techniques were helpful to add flexibility to preexisting diagnostic criteria in order to obtain diagnoses at the desired level of confidence.

Ways and Voices in the Psychoanalysis of Links According to Enrique Pichon-Rivière

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Jaitin
Keyword(s):  
Couple Therapy ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Different Levels

This article covers several stages of the work of Pichon-Rivière. In the 1950s he introduced the hypothesis of "the link as a four way relationship" (of reciprocal love and hate) between the baby and the mother. Clinical work with psychosis and psychosomatic disorders prompted him to examine how mental illness arises; its areas of expression, the degree of symbolisation, and the different fields of clinical observation. From the 1960s onwards, his experience with groups and families led him to explore a second path leading to "the voices of the link"—the voice of the internal family sub-group, and the place of the social and cultural voice where the link develops. This brought him to the definition of the link as a "bi-corporal and tri-personal structure". The author brings together the different levels of the analysis of the link, using as a clinical example the process of a psychoanalytic couple therapy with second generation descendants of a genocide within the limits of the transferential and countertransferential field. Body language (the core of the transgenerational link) and the couple's absences and presence during sessions create a rhythm that gives rise to an illusion, ultimately transforming the intersubjective link between the partners in the couple and with the analyst.

Institutions, Models of Capitalism and Inequality in Income Distribution: An Empirical Investigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Antonelli ◽  
Pinuccia P Calia ◽  
Giovanni Guidetti
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Econometric Evidence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Indicators ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The article analyses the role of institutions in the determination of income inequality in a sample of OECD countries. Basing on the seminal approach by Amable, the article discusses the theoretical definition of model of capitalism. The basic idea is that each model of capitalism is defined by the cobweb of complementary relationships established among different institutions. Using a set of statistical indicators of the operation of institutions in two different years, 1995 and 2010, the empirical analysis points out five models of capitalism and exhibits how their composition has changed in this lapse of 15 years. In the following sections of the article, we investigate the role played by the model of capitalism in the determination of income distribution, measured through a standard Gini index. After controlling for a set of variables, the econometric evidence shows that different models of capitalism present significantly different levels of income inequality.

scholarly journals Pet owners’ and veterinarians’ perceptions of information exchange and clinical decision-making in companion animal practice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0245632
Author(s):  
Natasha Janke ◽  
Jason B. Coe ◽  
Theresa M. Bernardo ◽  
Cate E. Dewey ◽  
Elizabeth A. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Pet Owner

One of the most complex aspects of the veterinarian-client-patient interaction is the clinical decision-making process. Research suggests that the approach to communication used by veterinarians can impact veterinary clients’ involvement in the decision-making process and their ultimate satisfaction. Using different approaches to the decision-making process may affect how information is exchanged and consequently how decisions are made. The objective of this study was to determine pet owners’ expectations with respect to information exchange and decision-making during veterinarian-client-patient interactions and to compare veterinarians’ perceptions of those expectations and the challenges they face in meeting them. Five pet owner focus groups (27 owners) and three veterinarian focus groups (24 veterinarians) were conducted with standardized open-ended questions and follow-up probes. Thematic analysis of the transcribed data was conducted to identify trends and patterns that emerged during the focus groups. Three pet owner-based themes were identified: 1) understanding the client; 2) providing information suitable for the client; and 3) decision-making. In addition, three barriers for veterinarians affecting information exchange and decision-making were identified: 1) time constraints; 2) involvement of multiple clients; and 3) language barriers. Results suggest that pet owners expect to be supported by their veterinarian to make informed decisions by understanding the client’s current knowledge, tailoring information and educating clients about their options. Breakdowns in the information exchange process can impact pet owners’ perceptions of veterinarians’ motivations. Pet owners’ emphasis on partnership suggests that a collaborative approach between veterinarians and clients may improve client satisfaction.

scholarly journals Deskriptivni i normativni pojam odgoja

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavica Bašić
Keyword(s):  
Pedagogical Discourse ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels

The analysis of pedagogical statements in which we include definitions of pcdaogical concepts brings us Io the conclusion I hat pedagogy uses the same categorical apparatus when it forms the theoretical thought about education and when it forms opinions about moral and practical questions of education, in other words, in pedagogical discourse the differentiation of theoretical from practical language about education is not even mentioned. The fact that different levels of language are not distinguished is supported by the use of pragmatic and prescriptive concepts of education in the so-called general pedagogical (theoretical and epistemological) discourse. The author stresses the point that the programatic concept of education in the science which goes under the definition of »science about the laws of upbringing and education« is completely useless.

scholarly journals Signification et réflexivité dans la philosophie de Ricœur

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-116
Author(s):  
Philippe Lacour
Keyword(s):  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels

In this article, I investigate Ricœur’s definition of philosophy by addressing two of its most fundamental conditions: meaning, which somehow constitutes its inner material, and reflexivity, which is the principle of its dynamic articulation. I proceed in two steps. First, I distinguish five different levels of discourse, underlining the originality of each of them: descriptive, transphrastic, self-comprehensive, anthropological, metaphysical. Then I explain the role played by reflexivity, both in its intra- and inter-semiotic dimension, in delimitating these various levels and helping the transition from one to another. In conclusion, I show that the whole of Ricœur’s philosophy can be characterized by a confidence in language, in its both obstinate and cautious effort to “enlighten existence” by pushing the limits of its fontiers.

scholarly journals The New Perceptions on Life of Iranian Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Shahba ◽  
Reza Jafari-Shakib ◽  
Mahdi Mahmoudi ◽  
Ahmadreza Jamshidi ◽  
Mahdi Vojdanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

Various studies suggest that ankylosing spondylitis (AS) as a chronic inflammatory disease with many disabilities can have impacts on different aspects of patients’ life. Despite many quantitative studies, only few qualitative studies have thus far been published on this subject. For the first time, the present study aims at gaining insight into the life experience of Iranian AS patients. We performed a content analysis through semi-structured interviews with twenty-eight patients diagnosed with AS, including three females and twenty-five males with an average age of 38.5 years, to gain insight into their experiences. Whatever the patients expressed was written and transcribed verbatim. Then, we did analysis of the results after each interview. The detailed information completely extracted from the interviews was classified as sub-themes and main themes. Three main themes were identified by the analysis: (i) “Always with pain” describing the effects were found in regard to pain on patients’ life, (ii) “The perceived limitation” describing many difficulties that people may face in the society as a result of their disease, and (iii) “Fearing the unknown future” which implies to both patients and their families have concerns about the future and what will happen. Our research findings in line with other qualitative studies showed that AS disease puts a heavy and intolerable burden on patients and their family. It seems that the experiences of people living with AS can be useful to meet challenges caused by the disease and it can enhance their coping with the disease.

scholarly journals La linguistique peut-elle sortir de son état pré-galiléen ?

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Desclés
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
General Topology ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels

The future of linguistics implies a better definition of concepts, especially in the semantic analysis. The notion of operator plays an important role in several areas of linguistics, for instance categorical grammars and representations of the meanings of grammatical categories. The general topology makes it possible to mathematize the grammatical concepts (time, aspects, modalities, enunciative operations) by means of operators. Curry’s Combinatorial Logic is an adequate formalism for composing and transforming operators at different levels of analysis that connect the semiotic expressions of languages (the observables) with their semantico-cognitive interpretations. The article refers to many studies that develop the points discussed.

scholarly journals Architecture of Component-based Information Systems over the J2EE Platform

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Perovich ◽  
Leonardo Rodrıguez Rodrıguez ◽  
Andres Vignaga
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
J2ee Platform ◽  
Component Based Development ◽  
Abstract Level ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels

Component-based development can be addressed from two different fronts, or more precisely, from two different levels. One of them regards the technology used for system implementation, and the other is a previous and more abstract level, where the focus is set to the logical structure of the solution and where technological issues are not considered. Model Driven Architecture promotes such separation by distinguishing platform independent models from platform specific models. In alignment with this approach, this article proposes a mapping from the tiered and platform independent architecture for information systems resulting from the application of a widely known methodological approach, to the available constructs in the J2EE platform. This mapping allows the definition of transformations between platform independent models, resulting from the referred methodology where it is possible to abstractly reason about the solution, and platform specific models which are aligned with technological constructs and are directly implemented.

scholarly journals THE OPPORTUNITIES FOR USE THE PEER LAND EXCHANGE DURING LAND MANAGEMENT IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykola Malashevskyi ◽  
Alena Palamar ◽  
Mariia Malanchuk ◽  
Olena Bugaienko ◽  
Evgen Tarnopolsky
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Land Surveying ◽  
Land Exchange ◽  
Different Levels

The preconditions and general directions of inter economic land surveying in the modern conditions of Ukrainian in accordance to the perspectives of peer land exchange implementation have been analyzed. The measures, implementation of which is advisable based on peer land exchange as the key mechanism have been singled out and substantiated. According to the current legislation of Ukraine, the main types of documentation for land management, which may provide the peer land exchange are defined. Land exchange is a common way of streamlining existing land ownership and land use in domestic and foreign practice. In particular, an equivalent exchange is often aimed at regrouping a significant amount of land use in order to optimize their structure. At the present time, the coordination of the interests of landowners in the process of optimizing the multitude of land uses of settlements is of particular relevance. For example, there is a need to locate facilities that have environmental and social significance, improvement and changing boundaries of land management objects at different levels. In the context of certain tasks, given the legally defined issue of exchange agreements concluding, the settlement of the land exchange process requires a technical justification.

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