Soil-cement bricks with insertion of scheelite-tailings: Mechanical behavior and physico-chemical evaluation of kneading water

Through the environmental perspective of producing new construction materials with the inclusion of tailings or residues that improve their properties and, at the same time, promote a practice that mitigates environmental impacts, the objective of this work is to diagnose the effect of incorporating scheelite- tailings as recycled aggregate in soil-cement bricks, partially replacing the soil, seeking to make its use feasible in interlocking pavements, as well as studying the physical-chemical properties of the mixing water used in the making of soil-cement bricks, originating from drains air conditioning system at IFPB Campus Campina Grande. The bricks produced used CP II Z-32 class cement, landfill cut-off soil for disposal, scheelite-tailings, and kneading water from air conditioning drains at the IFPB Campus Campina Grande. Conformation was performed manually with the aid of a hydraulic press, with subsequent curing at room temperature and periodic wetting during the first 7 days of cement hydration (alkaline stabilizer), until the ages of laboratory tests of compressive strength reached (28 days) and direct flexion (180 days). It was noted that the results of compressive strength exceeded the minimum limits of ABNT NBR 10834:2013, as well as the results of the flexion test demonstrated that the mechanical strength of the bricks is superior when incorporating the mineral tailings, a phenomenon also noticed through of the compressive strength test. The quality of the water used to manufacture the bricks, in addition to ensuring better chemical potential in the hydration reaction based on the state of the art, promotes a reduction in the use of water from the public supply, which comes from a relatively low water source.

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Mechanical Performance and Microscopic Mechanism of Coastal Cemented Soil Modified by Iron Tailings and Nano Silica

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11111331 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1331

Author(s):

Xinjiang Song ◽

Haibo Xu ◽

Deqin Zhou ◽

Kai Yao ◽

Feifei Tao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Hydration Reaction ◽

Unconfined Compression ◽

Nano Silica ◽

Microscopic Mechanism ◽

Clay Particles ◽

Soil Cement ◽

Cement Soil

In order to explore the effect of composite materials on the mechanical properties of coastal cement soil, cement soil samples with different iron tailings and nano silica contents were prepared, and unconfined compression and scanning electron microscope tests were carried out. The results show that: (1) The compressive strength of cement soil containing a small amount of iron tailings is improved, and the optimum content of iron tailings is 20%. (2) Nano silica can significantly improve the mechanical properties of iron tailings and cement soil (TCS). When the content of nano silica is 0.5%, 1.5%, and 2.5%, the unconfined compressive strength of nano silica- and iron tailings-modified cement soil (STCS) is 24%, 137%, and 323% higher than TCS, respectively. (3) Nano silica can promote the hydration reaction of cement and promote the cement hydration products to adhere to clay particles to form a relatively stable structure. At the same time, nano silica can fill the pores in TCS and improve the compactness of STCS.

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Investigation of the Strength Properties of Palm Kernel Shell Ash Concrete

Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research ◽

10.48084/etasr.238 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 315-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

F. A. Olutoge ◽

H. A. Quadri ◽

O. S. Olafusi

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Portland Cement ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Cement Concrete ◽

Palm Kernel Shell

Many researchers have studied the use of agro-waste ashes as constituents in concrete. These agro-waste ashes are siliceous or aluminosiliceous materials that, in finely divided form and in the presence of moisture, chemically react with the calcium hydroxide released by the hydration of Portland cement to form calcium silicate hydrate and other cementitious compounds. Palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) is a by-product in palm oil mills. This ash has pozzolanic properties that enables it as a partial replacement for cement but also plays an important role in the strength and durability of concrete. The use of palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) as a partial replacement for cement in concrete is investigated. The objective of this paper is to alleviate the increasing challenges of scarcity and high cost of construction materials used by the construction industry in Nigeria and Africa in general, by reducing the volume of cement usage in concrete works. Collected PKSA was dried and sieved through a 45um sieve. The fineness of the PKSA was checked by sieving through 45um sieve. The chemical properties of the ash are examined whereas physical and mechanical properties of varying percentage of PKSA cement concrete and 100% cement concrete of mix 1:2:4 and 0.5 water-cement ratios are examined and compared. A total of 72 concrete cubes of size 150 × 150 × 150 mm³ with different volume percentages of PKSA to Portland cement in the order 0:100, 10:90 and 30:70 and mix ratio of 1:2:4 were cast and their physical and mechanical properties were tested at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days time. Although the compressive strength of PKSA concrete did not exceed that of OPC, compressive strength tests showed that 10% of the PKSA in replacement for cement was 22.8 N/mm2 at 28 days; which was quite satisfactory with no compromise in compressive strength requirements for concrete mix ratios 1:2:4. This research showed that the use of PKSA as a partial replacement for cement in concrete, at lower volume of replacement, will enhance the reduction of cement usage in concretes, thereby reducing the production cost. This research was carried out at the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

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UTILISATION OF SLAG POWDER FOR CEMENT SUBSTITUTION BASED ON THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND PENETRATION OF CHLORIDE IONS

Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia ◽

10.17146/jsmi.2019.20.2.5446 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 58

Author(s):

Yasmina Amalia ◽

Syoni Soepriyanto

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Cement Paste ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Chloride Ions ◽

Hydration Reaction ◽

Slag Powder ◽

Nickel Production ◽

High Nickel ◽

Materials Used ◽

Cement Compounds

UTILIZATION OF SLAG POWDER FOR CEMENT SUBSTITUTION BASED ON THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND PENETRATION OF CHLORIDE IONS. The availability of waste from nickel ore smelting in the form of slag has increased, this is due to the high nickel production to meet the increasing needs for development and for compound- ing materials for construction materials. This research aims to make a paste from the mixture of Nickel Pig Iron (NPI) slag from PT Indoferro which is used as a substitute for making cement paste. The materials used in this study are cement, nickel slag, water, and zeolite. The cement paste is made with a dimension of 10 cm x 5 cm with each slag used as an amplifier on the paste with a volume variation of 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%. Each material is weighed according to mix design then mixing the materials, after they are homogeneous, they are put into the mold and then let stand for 24 hours until the paste solidifies and hardens, after 24 hours, the paste sample is removed from the mold and treated at room temperature, after the life is qualified, the paste sample is tested. Results of the compression test show that variations of slag addition to the paste mixture giving maximum compressive strength is the 15% variant for NPI slag. The increase in compressive strength of the slag mixture paste may occur because slag contains cement compounds which can chemically react with Calcium Hydroxide (CH) com- pounds as a result of the hydration reaction of cement with water to form a Calcium Silicate Hydrate (CSH) compound from the hydration result between water and cement to increase adhesion and compressive strength on cement paste.

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Reutilización de Ripios de perforación en base agua como material de construcción / Reusing of drilling residues with water based as construction material

Ciencia Unemi ◽

10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol8iss13.2015pp62-80p ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (13) ◽

pp. 62

Author(s):

Sara Rojas Blanco ◽

Olivia Atiaga Franco ◽

David Vinicio Carrera Villacrés

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Moisture Absorption ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Construction Material ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Drill Cuttings ◽

Soil Cement ◽

Water Based ◽

Average Compressive Strength

La creciente actividad hidrocarburífera en Ecuador intensificó la extracción de crudo, generando volúmenes considerables de Ripios de Perforación, los cuales por sus características físico-químicas no son reincorporados en el proceso, convirtiéndolos en desecho. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el potencial de reutilización de ripios de perforación en base agua como material de construcción, obteniendo muestras representativas de los ripios, que fueron dispuestos en celdas de confinamiento durante enero 2009 a agosto 2012 en el Área Operativa Shushufindi EP PETROECUADOR. Los resultados físico-químicos y mecánicos, analizados en laboratorio, determinaron como alternativas la estabilización con cemento para base en vías y la fabricación de ladrillos. En ambos casos se realizaron pruebas de resistencia a la compresión inconfinada y lixiviación, concluyendo que para base en vías necesita adicionar 10% de cemento colocando una barrera económica, mientras que los ladrillos no requieren otras materias primas y dan resistencias de 22,6MPa. Las pruebas de lixiviación mostraron reducción en la concentración de hidrocarburos totales de petróleo (TPH), bario, cromo, cadmio y níquel permitiendo en la práctica fabricar ladrillos artesanales con resistencia de 19MPa y 22% de absorción de humedad, útiles para construir muros sin exposición a humedades extremas.Palabras Clave: Estabilización, solidificación y reutilización. The growing petroleum activity in Ecuador has intensified the extraction of crude oil, generating substantial volumes of drill cuttings which, by their physicochemical characteristics, are not reincorporated in the process turning them into scrap. Given this, the objective was to determine the potential for reuse of water-based drill cuttings as a building material.This investigation obtained representative samples of cuttings that were disposed of in hazardous waste pits from January 2009 to August 2012 by the Public Company Petroecuador, operating in Shushufindi. The mechanical, physical, and chemical properties were analyzed in the laboratory for determining the material as a soil-cement alternative or for use in fabricating bricks. In both cases unconfined compressive strength and leaching was carried out and concluded that, for use as a soil-cement alternative there should be the addition of 10% cement with economic considerations. Brick design required no other raw materials and gave an average compressive strength of 22.6MPa. Leaching tests showed reduction in the concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), barium, chromium, cadmium and nickel, allowing for practical manufacturing of bricks in small production with an average compressive strength of 19MPa and 22% moisture absorption. These bricks would be useful for walls with low exposure to humidity.

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Geopolymer Synthesis Using Metakaolin and High Calcium Fly Ash as Binary System Geopolymer

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1007.65 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1007 ◽

pp. 65-70

Author(s):

Thammaros Pantongsuk ◽

Chayanee Tippayasam ◽

Pakamon Kittisayarm ◽

Siripan Nilpairach ◽

Duangrudee Chaysuwan

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Construction Material ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Waste Products ◽

X Ray ◽

Alternative Construction ◽

High Calcium ◽

High Calcium Fly Ash

Conventional cement production process emits tons of carbon dioxide gas which is one of the greenhouse gases that influence the environment across the world. Discovering the alternative construction material with the eco-friendly process and the performance similar to or greater than ordinary Portland cement has been attractive to find out. This research presented green construction materials or so-called geopolymers from metakaolin substituted by high calcium fly ash by 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 wt%. Some researches reported that geopolymer produced from metakaolin and fly ash with alkali solution gave a great result, but usually, they used fly ash containing very low calcium component. Compressive strength at 3, 7 and 28 curing days and flowability were conducted. The compressive strength of geopolymers blended with high calcium fly ash was still developed as the curing day increased and revealed the highest at 28 days especially on MK40 (high calcium fly ash 60 wt%). Geopolymer pastes prepared with a higher amount of high calcium fly ash exhibited less viscous. It was proved that the high amount of high calcium fly ash could be applied and gave extraordinary compressive strength. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence were used to investigate chemical properties as well as microstructure by a scanning electron microscope. For phase analysis, the existence of oxides of calcium and sulfur in high calcium fly ash resulted in the formation of thenardite, calcite, portlandite and C-S-H phase associating with geopolymeric phase. Therefore, this research proposed the opportunity for geopolymer production by using abundant high calcium fly ash to raise the value of the industrial waste products and green alternative construction material compared with OPC.

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The influence of the addition of ground olive stone on the thermo-mechanical behavior of compressed earth blocks

Matériaux & Techniques ◽

10.1051/mattech/2020023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 108 (2) ◽

pp. 203

Author(s):

Samia Djadouf ◽

Nasser Chelouah ◽

Abdelkader Tahakourt

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Mechanical Behavior ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Hydraulic Press ◽

Dry Density ◽

Olive Stone ◽

Compressed Earth Blocks ◽

Clay Matrix ◽

Earth Blocks

Sustainable development and environmental challenges incite to valorize local materials such as agricultural waste. In this context, a new ecological compressed earth blocks (CEBS) with addition of ground olive stone (GOS) was proposed. The GOS is added as partial clay replacement in different proportions. The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of GOS levels on the thermal properties and mechanical behavior of CEB. We proceeded to determining the optimal water content and equivalent wet density by compaction using a hydraulic press, at a pressure of 10 MPa. The maximum compressive strength is reached at 15% of the GOS. This percentage increases the mechanical properties by 19.66%, and decreases the thermal conductivity by 37.63%. These results are due to the optimal water responsible for the consolidation and compactness of the clay matrix. The substitution up to 30% of GOS shows a decrease of compressive strength and thermal conductivity by about 38.38% and 50.64% respectively. The decrease in dry density and thermal conductivity is related to the content of GOS, which is composed of organic and porous fibers. The GOS seems promising for improving the thermo-mechanical characteristics of CEB and which can also be used as reinforcement in CEBS.

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Waste-Based One-Part Alkali Activated Materials

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14112911 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 2911

Author(s):

Margarida Gonçalves ◽

Inês Silveirinha Vilarinho ◽

Marinélia Capela ◽

Ana Caetano ◽

Rui Miguel Novais ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Microstructural Analysis ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Sodium Metasilicate ◽

High Compressive Strength ◽

Hardened State ◽

First Time ◽

Furnace Slag ◽

Alkali Activated

Ordinary Portland Cement is the most widely used binder in the construction sector; however, a very high carbon footprint is associated with its production process. Consequently, more sustainable alternative construction materials are being investigated, namely, one-part alkali activated materials (AAMs). In this work, waste-based one-part AAMs binders were developed using only a blast furnace slag, as the solid precursor, and sodium metasilicate, as the solid activator. For the first time, mortars in which the commercial sand was replaced by two exhausted sands from biomass boilers (CA and CT) were developed. Firstly, the characterization of the slag and sands (aggregates) was performed. After, the AAMs fresh and hardened state properties were evaluated, being the characterization complemented by FTIR and microstructural analysis. The binder and the mortars prepared with commercial sand presented high compressive strength values after 28 days of curing-56 MPa and 79 MPa, respectively. The mortars developed with exhausted sands exhibit outstanding compressive strength values, 86 and 70 MPa for CT and CA, respectively, and the other material’s properties were not affected. Consequently, this work proved that high compressive strength waste-based one-part AAMs mortars can be produced and that it is feasible to use another waste as aggregate in the mortar’s formulations: the exhausted sands from biomass boilers.

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Effect of Recycled Coarse Aggregate and Bagasse Ash on Two-Stage Concrete

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11050556 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 556

Author(s):

Muhammad Faisal Javed ◽

Afaq Ahmad Durrani ◽

Sardar Kashif Ur Rehman ◽

Fahid Aslam ◽

Hisham Alabduljabbar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Coarse Aggregate ◽

Construction Material ◽

Strength Reduction ◽

Recycled Aggregate ◽

Two Stage ◽

Conventional Concrete ◽

Recycled Coarse Aggregate ◽

Coarse Aggregates

Numerous research studies have been conducted to improve the weak properties of recycled aggregate as a construction material over the last few decades. In two-stage concrete (TSC), coarse aggregates are placed in formwork, and then grout is injected with high pressure to fill up the voids between the coarse aggregates. In this experimental research, TSC was made with 100% recycled coarse aggregate (RCA). Ten percent and twenty percent bagasse ash was used as a fractional substitution of cement along with the RCA. Conventional concrete with 100% natural coarse aggregate (NCA) and 100% RCA was made to determine compressive strength only. Compressive strength reduction in the TSC was 14.36% when 100% RCA was used. Tensile strength in the TSC decreased when 100% RCA was used. The increase in compressive strength was 8.47% when 20% bagasse ash was used compared to the TSC mix that had 100% RCA. The compressive strength of the TSC at 250 °C was also determined to find the reduction in strength at high temperature. Moreover, the compressive and tensile strength of the TSC that had RCA was improved by the addition of bagasse ash.

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Machine Learning Approaches for Prediction of the Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Termite Mound Soil

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11114754 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 4754

Author(s):

Assia Aboubakar Mahamat ◽

Moussa Mahamat Boukar ◽

Nurudeen Mahmud Ibrahim ◽

Tido Tiwa Stanislas ◽

Numfor Linda Bih ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Curing Temperature ◽

Sustainable Construction ◽

Support Vector ◽

Learning Approaches ◽

Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽

Curing Regime ◽

Alkali Activated

Earth-based materials have shown promise in the development of ecofriendly and sustainable construction materials. However, their unconventional usage in the construction field makes the estimation of their properties difficult and inaccurate. Often, the determination of their properties is conducted based on a conventional materials procedure. Hence, there is inaccuracy in understanding the properties of the unconventional materials. To obtain more accurate properties, a support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN) and linear regression (LR) were used to predict the compressive strength of the alkali-activated termite soil. In this study, factors such as activator concentration, Si/Al, initial curing temperature, water absorption, weight and curing regime were used as input parameters due to their significant effect in the compressive strength. The experimental results depict that SVM outperforms ANN and LR in terms of R2 score and root mean square error (RMSE).

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Fire Resistance Behaviour of Geopolymer Concrete:An Overview

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings11030082 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Salmabanu Luhar ◽

Demetris Nicolaides ◽

Ismail Luhar

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Thermal Resistance ◽

Building Materials ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Flexural Behavior ◽

Thermal Shrinkage ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

The Impact ◽

Loss Of Strength

Even though, an innovative inorganic family of geopolymer concretes are eye-catching potential building materials, it is quite essential to comprehend the fire and thermal resistance of these structural materials at a very high temperature and also when experiencing fire with a view to make certain not only the safety and security of lives and properties but also to establish them as more sustainable edifice materials for future. The experimental and field observations of degree of cracking, spalling and loss of strength within the geopolymer concretes subsequent to exposure at elevated temperature and incidences of occurrences of disastrous fires extend an indication of their resistance against such severely catastrophic conditions. The impact of heat and fire on mechanical attributes viz., mechanical-compressive strength, flexural behavior, elastic modulus; durability—thermal shrinkage; chemical stability; the impact of thermal creep on compressive strength; and microstructure properties—XRD, FTIR, NMR, SEM as well as physico-chemical modifications of geopolymer composites subsequent to their exposures at elevated temperatures is reviewed in depth. The present scientific state-of-the-art review manuscript aimed to assess the fire and thermal resistance of geopolymer concrete along with its thermo-chemistry at a towering temperature in order to introduce this novel, most modern, user and eco-benign construction materials as potentially promising, sustainable, durable, thermal and fire-resistant building materials promoting their optimal and apposite applications for construction and infrastructure industries.

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