scholarly journals Establishing a cohort in Central Brazil: Strategies and challenges.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e5210816975
Author(s):  
Claudio Morais Siqueira ◽  
Valéria Christina Rezende Feres ◽  
Livia Aires Coutinho ◽  
João Bosco Siqueira Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Work Team ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
Febrile Episodes

Dengue is considered the most important acute febrile arbovirus in the world due to its burden on morbidity and mortality of countries. Cohort studies are appropriate for understanding dengue transmission dynamics and establishing baselines prior to the adoption of new control strategies. However, these studies pose major operational challenges that tend to hinder their execution, especially in developing countries. The strategies used in implanting and conducting a cohort in Central Brazil (city of Goiania) are presented, including the approaches adopted to overcome the challenges observed. The following steps are described and discussed: defining the field work team, establishing partnerships and the recruitment of participants; the initial serosurvey; technology in field research; and monitoring and evaluation of febrile episodes. A partnership between academia and public health services was the adopted approach and participation of the Municipal Health Secretariat and the Family Health Teams was essential for the proper implementation and conduction of the study. In return, the researchers' performance favored the Health Service through surveillance and health care activities of the population. This interinstitutional experience was successful with benefits for both institutions.

Educate! Developing a Theory of Change for “Changemakers”

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Kay Gugerty ◽  
Dean Karlan
Keyword(s):  
Change Process ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Program Design ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Youth Empowerment ◽  
Evaluation Plan ◽  
Final Theory

A theory of change can build consensus on a program’s vision and guide the development of a right-fit monitoring and evaluation system. This case examines how the Uganda-based youth empowerment NGO Educate! used the theory of change process to clearly define its intended impact and decide how to measure it. After analyzing the process Educate! used to develop its theory of change, readers will be able to discuss the value of gathering internal perspectives and conducting field research to develop a theory of change. Readers will also assess how successive iterations of the theory of change provide clarity on program design and objectives and determine whether the final theory of change is sufficient to design a monitoring and evaluation plan that adheres to CART principles.

scholarly journals Spatial modeling of dengue and socio-environmental indicators in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Rodrigues de Araujo Teixeira ◽  
Oswaldo Gonçalves Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
Conditional Autoregressive ◽  
Dengue Control

This study analyzed the spatial distribution of dengue in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2006, and associations between the incidence per 100,000 inhabitants and socio-environmental variables. The study analyzed reported dengue cases among the city's inhabitants, rainfall, Breteau index (for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus), Gini index, and social development index. We conducted mapping and used the global Moran index to measure the indicators' spatial autocorrelation, which was positive for all variables. The generalized linear model showed a direct association between dengue incidence and rainfall, one-month rainfall time lag, Gini index, and Breteau index for A. albopictus. The conditional autoregressive model (CAR) showed a direct association with rainfall for four months of the year, rain time lag in July, and Gini index in February. The results demonstrate the importance of socio-environmental variables in the dynamics of dengue transmission and the relevance for the development of dengue control strategies.

scholarly journals NaturaSat—A Software Tool for Identification, Monitoring and Evaluation of Habitats by Remote Sensing Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3381
Author(s):  
Karol Mikula ◽  
Mária Šibíková ◽  
Martin Ambroz ◽  
Michal Kollár ◽  
Aneta A. Ožvat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Deep Learning Algorithm ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques

The NaturaSat software integrates various image processing techniques together with vegetation data, into one multipurpose tool that is designed for performing facilities for all requirements of habitat exploration, all in one place. It provides direct access to multispectral Sentinel-2 data provided by the European Space Agency. It supports using these data with various vegetation databases, in a user-friendly environment, for, e.g., vegetation scientists, fieldwork experts, and nature conservationists. The presented study introduces the NaturaSat software, describes new powerful tools, such as the semi-automatic and automatic segmentation methods, and natural numerical networks, together with validated examples comparing field surveys and software outputs. The software is robust enough for field work researchers and stakeholders to accurately extract target units’ borders, even on the habitat level. The deep learning algorithm, developed for habitat classification within the NaturaSat software, can also be used in various research tasks or in nature conservation practices, such as identifying ecosystem services and conservation value. The exact maps of the habitats obtained within the project can improve many further vegetation and landscape ecology studies.

scholarly journals Imagining a Maya Archaeology That Is Anthropological and Attuned to Indigenous Cultural Heritage

Heritage ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia McAnany
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Collaborative Process ◽  
Maya Archaeology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Unequal Access ◽  
Descendant Communities

Taking an aspirational approach, this article imagines what Maya Archaeology would be like if it were truly anthropological and attuned to Indigenous heritage issues. In order to imagine such a future, the past of archaeology and anthropology is critically examined, including the emphasis on processual theory within archaeology and the Indigenous critique of socio-cultural anthropology. Archaeological field work comes under scrutiny, particularly the emphasis on the product of field research over the collaborative process of engaging local and descendant communities. Particular significance is given to the role of settler colonialism in maintaining unequal access to and authority over landscapes filled with remains of the past. Interrogation of the distinction between archaeology and heritage results in the recommendation that the two approaches to the past be recognized as distinct and in tension with each other. Past heritage programs imagined and implemented in the Maya region by the author and colleagues are examined reflexively.

scholarly journals The increasing menace of dengue in Guangzhou, 2001–2016: the most important epicenter in mainland China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhoubin Zhang ◽  
Qinlong Jing ◽  
Zongqiu Chen ◽  
Tiegang Li ◽  
Liyun Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
Infectious Disease Reporting ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
System Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne disease in the world, with China affected seriously in recent years. 65.8% of dengue cases identified in mainland China since 2005 were reported from the city of Guangzhou. Methods In this study, we described the incidence rate and distribution of dengue cases using data collected form National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting Information System data in Guangzhou for 2001 to 2016. All dengue cases were investigated using standardized questionnaire. Results A total of 42,469 dengue cases were reported, with an average annual incidence rate of 20.99 per 100,000 resident population. Over this time period, the incidence rate of indigenous cases increased. Dengue affected areas also expanded sharply geographically from 58.1% of communities affected during 2001–2005 to 96.4% of communities affected in 2011–2016. Overall 95.30% of the overseas imported cases were reported during March and December, while 99.79% of indigenous cases were reported during July and November. All four dengue virus serotypes were identified both in imported cases and indigenous cases. The Aedes albopictus mosquito was the only vector for dengue transmission in the area. Conclusions Guangzhou has become the dengue epicenter in mainland China. Control strategies for dengue should be adjusted to the epidemiological characteristics above and intensive study need to be conducted to explore the factors that driving the rapid increase of dengue.

scholarly journals Ethnographic toolkit: Strategic positionality and researchers’ visible and invisible tools in field research

Ethnography ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Multiple Identities ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Demographic Traits ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Sociological Work ◽  
Qualitative Methodologies

For many, reflexivity is a core tenet in qualitative research. Often, scholars focus on how one or two of their socio-demographic traits compare to their participants and how it may influence field dynamics. Research that incorporates an intersectionality perspective, which brings attention to how people’s multiple identities are entwined, also has a long history. Yet, researchers tend to pay less attention to how we strategically draw on our multiple social positions in the course of field work. Drawing on data I have collected over the past several years and extending recent sociological work that goes beyond a reflexive accounting of one or two of researchers’ demographic characteristics, I argue that each researcher has their own ethnographic toolkit from which they strategically draw. It consists of researchers’ visible (e.g. race/ethnicity) and invisible tools (e.g. social capital) and ties qualitative methodologies to research on how culture is strategically and inconsistently used.

Three Cities in Pisidia

1994 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 129-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Great Scholar ◽  
Greek World

Professor John Cook died on 2 January 1994 at the age of eighty-five. His scrupulous and meticulously published field work in the western coastal regions of Turkey, in Caria, Ionia, Aeolis, and above all in the Troas, has made a fundamental contribution to our understanding of the East Greek world. Much historical research in the future will be built up on the foundations he laid. I hope that this present study, which is a product of the same methods of field research into the Classical sites of Asia Minor as he practised, will help to confirm the continuing value of these methods and serve as a fitting tribute to the memory of a great scholar.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and practices of nurses and doctors about the vertical transmission of hepatitis B

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1030-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Cristina de Miranda Goncalves ◽  
Maria Jacirema Ferreira Goncalves
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

OBJECTIVE: to identify knowledge, attitudes and practices of physicians and nurses of the Family Health Strategy and a maternity hospital unit about vertical transmission of hepatitis B. METHOD: a cross-sectional study with a self-administered questionnaire applied to professionals. The data were analyzed according to professional category and site of action, whose differences were tested by χ2 and significance <5%. RESULTS: professionals recognize viral hepatitis as a disease of compulsory notification; however, not everyone knows its mechanisms of transmission. A large portion of professionals requested serological tests, specifying the marker, especially physicians. The majority of family health nurses did not indicate hepatitis B vaccine for pregnant women, although they knew the immunization schedule. The majority of physicians on the maternity unit had proper knowledge about prevention of vertical transmission. CONCLUSION: the differences in the knowledge, attitudes and practices about vertical transmission of hepatitis B revealed that the population is at risk, since not all the professionals involved know or properly perform control strategies for vertical transmission of hepatitis B. Nurses dominated vaccination aspects and physicians dominated aspects related to the management of cases with positive serology.

scholarly journals Geographical vocabulary of the Tornovsky dialect of the Moksha-Mordovian language

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Nikolai V. Belenov
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Special Study ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Village ◽  
Linguistic Material

Geographical vocabulary existing in ethno-linguistic environment, has a significant impact on the formation of its toponymic nomenclature. This influence is manifested both in the form of toponymic formants and in the basics of geographical names originating from this ethno-linguistic environment. The relevance of this work is definted by the fact that until now geographical vocabulary of the Tornovsky dialect of the Moksha-Mordovian language, as well as other Samara-Bends dialects, was not the subject of special study, and was not introduced into academic and research circulation. The purpose of this article is description and lexico-semantic and etymological analysis of geographical vocabulary of the Tornovsky dialect of the Moksha-Mordovian language. General theoretical and methodological basis of the research was made up of the works of Russian and international researchers on the toponymy and dialectology of the Mordovian languages. Vocabulary data is based on the materials of field research that the author conducted in the village Tornovoe of the Volga district of the Samara region during the field-work in 2017 and 2018. The main methods of linguistic research are descriptive and comparative methods. They were used in the collection and analysis of linguistic material. The results of the study showed that the geographical vocabulary of the Tornovsky dialect of the Moksha-Mordovian language fully reflects all the phonetic and accentual features of this dialect. It was also revealed that there is a fundamental difference between the composition of geographical vocabulary of the Tornovsky dialect and the same vocabulary of the neighboring dialects of the Moksha-Mordvin language, Shelehmetsky and Bahilovsky. A significant part of the geographical vocabulary in tthe Tornovsky dialect is borrowed from the Russian and Turkic Kipchak languages which reflects ethnolinguistic history of its speakers.

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