scholarly journals Addition of a homeopathic, preventive product for mastitis in dairy cow feed: effects on etiologic agents, animal health, production, composition, and quality of milk

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e1749119607
Author(s):  
Renata Cristina Defiltro ◽  
Patricia Glombowsky ◽  
Lilian Kolling Girardini ◽  
Julcimar Machado Maciel ◽  
Marcelo Vedovatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Quality Of Milk

The aim of this study was to determine whether the addition of a homeopathic product to dairy cow feed would improve health and production efficiency, as well as composition and quality of milk. The product tested here was produced to stimulate immunity and indirectly to prevent the colonization of the mammary gland by bacteria, thereby decreasing somatic cell counts and bacteria in cow’s milk. Fifty dairy cows were used, divided into two groups: Control (n = 25) and Treated (n = 25). For 90 consecutive days, 50 grams of homeopathic product (treated group) was added to the concentrate; 50 g of the product vehicle (limestone) was added to the concentrate of the control cows. We performed composition and quality analysis on the milk (days 1, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90) as well as blood collection to carry out hematological and metabolism analyses (days 1, 30, 60, and 90). We found that fat content in the milk cows consuming the homeopathic agent was greater than that of the control group. Because of this increased fat content, there was a tendency towards higher total solids content in treated cows. A treatment effect was found in terms of total bacterial count (TBC); that is, there were lower TBCs in milk of treated animals than in control animals. There was a trend of a treatment effect versus day for somatic cell count (SCC); that is, there were lower SCC in animals that consumed the homeopathic on days 15 and 30 of the experiment. There was no difference between groups in terms of milk production; however, there was a negative correlation between milk production and TBC or SCC in the milk of cows that consumed homeopathic product. Animals in the treated group had lower total leukocyte and lymphocyte counts than did the control group, as well as a tendency toward lower neutrophil counts in these animals. Several bacteria were isolated from the cows' milk during the experimental period, with no treatment effect. In particular, we isolated Corynebacterium spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus hyicus in greater numbers of cows compared to other etiologic agents. Based on these results, we conclude that consumption of the homeopathic product by dairy cows had positive effects on milk quality.

Effect of ammonia infusions on milk production by the dairy cow

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
J.M. Moorby ◽  
V.J. Theobold
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
General Body ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Degradable Protein

Ruminants may absorb large quantities of ammonia resulting from microbial fermentation and incomplete capture of rumen degradable protein (Huntington, 1984, 1987). Detoxification of this ammonia by ureagenesis in the liver involves the use of aspartate, and although this can be derived from ammonia via glutamate, it may be drawn from the general body amino acid pool. If the latter occurs, the availability of amino acids for milk production may be reduced, leading to a reduction in the quantity and/or quality of milk produced. This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of infusing ammonia into the duodenum of dairy cows on the quantity and quality of milk produced.Four multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows fitted with duodenal cannulae were given one of two experimental treatments based on duodenal infusions in a changeover design with three periods (the last period of a four period design was not completed). Duodenal infusions were chosen to avoid direct effects on rumen parameters.

Milk productivity of cows, quality of milk and dairy products when using natural feed additive

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Karmatskikh ◽  
N. M. Kostomakhin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Mineral Additive ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

The organization of feeding of highly productive cows is one of the most difficult tasks in dairy cattle breeding. The purpose of the work was to study the influence of natural mineral additive on the productivity, composition and some technological qualities of milk of cows of Black-and-White breed of Ural type. Research and production experiment has been carried out in CJSC “Glinki” in the Ketovsky district in the Kurgan region on Black-and-White cows. The influence of bentonite additive in the ration of highly productive cows during the period of increasing the milk yield on the composition and technological quality of milk and dairy products has been determined. In general, for the first 100 days of lactation the cows of the experimental group have produced by 191 kg more natural fat milk or 8,4 %, compared to the control group. In terms of 4 % milk from animals of the experimental group has been got by 233 kg or 9,3 % more than of the control group. The yield of milk fat in the experimental group was by 10,44 kg or 12,9 % more than the control group. The difference in milk protein yield for 100 days of lactation was 7,34 kg or 9,8 %. The economic indicators (prime-cost, profitability) of milk production when feeding the mineral additive bentonite to cows have been calculated. With an increase in the total cost of obtaining milk from cows of the experimental group, caused by higher milk yields and the purchase of bentonite, the revenue from the sale of milk from this group was by 7,83 thousand rubles or 8,4 % more. As a result, milk production from animals of the experimental group was by 3,44 % more efficient. It has been found that the inclusion of bentonite in the composition of concentrated feed in the amount of 400 g/head/day allowed to reduce their expenditure, as well as EFU and digestible protein, which ultimately provided a higher level of profitability of milk production.

A study model with initial findings using Sepia 200c given prophylactically to prevent anoestrus problems in the dairy cow

1990 ◽  
Vol 78 (03) ◽  
pp. 132-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Williamson ◽  
W.J. Crawford ◽  
B. Rennie ◽  
W.L. Mackie
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Index 2 ◽  
And Control

AbstractOverall reproductive performance and associated periparturient disorders were monitored in a herd of British Friesian cross dairy cows from September 1987 to August 1988. Pregnancy diagnosis and cyclical status of the herd was determined by palpation of the ovaries per rectum. A total of 49 (110) cows were randomly treated with Sepia 200c either on day 14(19) or 21 days (30) postpartum.Statistical analysis of the results was based on the differences between the control and combined Sepia-treated groups. Although there were significant differences in the proportion of heifers calving in each group, there was no significant difference in periparturient disorders or during the pre-service period.However, in the Sepia Group that held a lower proportion of heifers, a significant difference was found in the conception rate to 1st service (47%), the percentage of cows in calf (90%) and total culling rate (10%) compared to the Control Group (26%, 72% and 28% respectively). A reduction (non significant) was found between the Sepia and Control services to conception (0.2), calving to conception interval (5 days) and calving index (2 days).The results of this pilot study appear to demonstrate a difference in effect between the Sepia-treated Group and Control Group. The study has been extended to treat a larger number of dairy cows to examine the reproducibility of these results.

scholarly journals Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on health and performance of dairy cows during transition and early lactation period

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.A. Bakr ◽  
M.S. Hassan ◽  
N.D. Giadinis ◽  
N. Panousis ◽  
D. Ostojic-Andric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Early Lactation

Data concerning the effect of probiotics supplementation on many parameters concurrently at the same cows are lacking. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae feeding on rumen, blood and milk parameters together in highproducing dairy cattle during the transition and early lactation period. Sixteen clinically healthy Holstein cows were divided into 2 groups: a control group of 6 cows and a probiotics-fed group of 10 cows. Rumen fluid and blood samples were collected 21 days before the expected calving as well as 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 daysin- milk (DIM). Milk yield for each animal was recorded every 2 weeks. Individual milk samples were collected 15, 30, 45 and 60 DIM. Ruminal pH and rumen ammonia nitrogen were significantly lower, whereas total volatile fatty acids were significantly higher in yeast-fed animals compared with controls throughout the study. Serum concentrations of total proteins and globulins were higher, while albumins were lower in the yeast-treated group. Serum glucose levels were significantly higher in yeast-supplemented animals. Serum triglycerides, high density lipoproteins, and low density lipoproteins concentrations were lower, with cholesterol being significantly lower in the treated group. Milk production and milk fat percentage were higher, whereas milk protein percentage and somatic cell count were decreased in yeast-supplemented cows throughout the study. These results suggest that supplementation of S. cerevisiae to dairy cows rations during transition and early lactation period improve their health and milk production parameters.

APPLICATION OF THE ENERGY-ANTIOXIDANT COMPLEX IN THE NUTRITION OF DAIRY COWS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF MILK

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Ю.П. ФОМИЧЕВ ◽  
И.Ю. ЕРМАКОВ
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Изучено влияние энергетика на основе пропиленгликоля в смеси с Spirulina platensis и дигидрокверцетином на молочную продуктивность, химический состав, физические и санитарно-гигиенические параметры молока при включении их в состав рациона коров черно-пестрой породы в транзитный период. В результате было получено от коров в среднем за 3 мес лактации по 2503 кг молока при среднесуточном удое 27,8 кг против 2361 кг и 26,2 кг в контроле при содержании в молоке массовой доли жира 3,78%, белка — 3,15%, в том числе казеина — 2,46% против 3,84, 3,14 и 2,43% соответственно, в молоке коров контрольной группы. По физическим и санитарно-гигиеническим параметрам молоко коров обеих групп соответствовало нормативным требованиям. Молоко животных, получавших энергетик, отличалось пониженной кислотностью и значительно меньшим, более чем в 1,5 раза, содержанием соматических клеток. The influence of propylene glycol-based Energizer mixed with Spirulina platensis and dihydroquercetin on milk productivity, chemical composition, physical and sanitary parameters of milk was studied. when they are included in the diet of black-breed cows in the transit period. As a result, 2503 kg of milk was obtained from cows on average for 3 months of lactation with an average daily milk yield of 27.8 kg against 2361 and 26.2 kg in the control group cows with a mass fraction of fat 3.78, protein 3.15, including casein 2.46% vs. 3.84, 3.14 and 2.43 %, respectively, in the milk of control group cows. In terms of physical and sanitary parameters, the milk of both groups of cows met the regulatory requirements. At the same time, the milk of cows that received energy bioactive Supplement was characterized by low acidity and significantly lower, more than 1.5 times, the content of somatic cells

scholarly journals Influence of feeding with live yeast on cow productivity and milk quality

2018 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
M. Panianchuk ◽  
O. Tytariova
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Economic Experiment ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Live Yeast

A cow is, first and foremost, a ruminant animal. Its gastrointestinal tract is designed to digest a significant amount of structural fibers (fiber). Modern technological advances in genetics, breeding, feeding, retention and cows’ milking make it possible to obtain more than 10,000 kg of lactation milk from a cow, but this can be achieved only if a significant amount of concentrated fodder with high starch content has been included in the diet of these animals. These fodders are a source of energy for the cow, but the microorganisms of the rumen are also actively use it, forming a large amount of acid, which lowers the pH of the rumen and suppresses (sometimes even kills) the vital activity of the micro biota of the proventriculus. An important condition for the formation of lactic acid in the rumen is the presence of oxygen. Addition to the cows’ diet of live yeast helps to reduce the amount of oxygen in the rumen, which, in turn, inhibits the development of lactic acid bacteria and the synthesis of lactic acid by them. On the other hand, anaerobic environment in the proventriculus actively develops cellulose- lytic microorganisms. Many studies around the world have been devoted to the use of live yeast in feeding of cows. Most of them have been carried out at cows during the period of thermal stress. Part of the research covers only the period of early lactation. Almost all researchers note an increase in the milk productivity of cows; however, a relatively small number of publications are devoted to the problem of milk quality changes under the actions of these microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the chemical composition and milk qualitative indicators of cows, which received in the diet the probiotic preparations of live yeast of different manufacturers. To study the effects of living yeast preparations in the diet on milk qualitative indicators and productivity of cows, they have conducted a scientific and economic experiment under the conditions of the educational and production center of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. During the experiment, the chemical composition of milk, its density, acidity, bacterial insemination and the number of somatic cells have been investigated. For conducting of the scientific and economic experiment under the conditions of the farm, 30 cows of Ukrainian black-and-white milk breed were selected, from which with the group method three groups were formed: one control group and two experimental ones. The cows of the control group did not consume probiotic preparations, animals of the 2nd experimental group were fed with LevuSell SC at a dose of 1 g/head/day, and the third experimental group – ActiSaf Sc-47 in the amount of 5 g/head/day. The experiment lasted 305 days. The quality of milk has great importance, because it is a raw material for the further processing and production of a variety of dairy products, the main consumers of which are children. The current state of the livestock industry forces milk processing enterprises to transport milk over long distances (hundreds of kilometers). That is why the introduction of any feed additives in the diet of cows with a different purpose should not negatively affect the quality of milk. The use of different preparations of live yeast in cows’ feeding has affected the chemical composition of their milk. At almost unchanged indicators of the content of milk sugar and protein in the milk of cows of all groups, the increase in the content of crude fat in the milk of animals of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups attracts attention. Obviously, such changes are the result of increasing of the digestibility of fiber (structural carbohydrates) in the rumen due to an increase in the micro biota population and normalization of digestion. Increasing of the fat concentration in milk of cows of experimental groups resulted in a slight increase in the content of dry matter and milk density. The acidity of milk is an indicator of freshness and its ability to be stored. According to this criterion, the animals of all groups were equal. One of the largest problems in the dairy industry is the presence of a significant number of microorganisms in raw milk, which are delivered there due to a variety of violations during milking, storage, transportation of milk, etc. The feeding of live yeast to cows of experimental groups had to influence on the rate of bacterial colonization of milk, but even this slight change has taken place in the direction of improvement. Thus, milk of the cows of the 2nd experimental group according to the indicator of bacterial insemination decreased in comparison with the control analogues by 3.1 %. The advantage of the control animals over the cows of the 3rd experimental group was 4.0 % according to this criterion. The largest changes in the diet with live yeast of dairy cows were measured by the content of somatic cells in milk. Thus, at cows of the 2nd experimental group, this indicator decreased by 28.9 % in comparison with the control animals. Almost identical, namely 28.7 %, the decrease in this rate was at animals of the 3rd experimental group. It is obvious that the normalization of digestion by the introduction of live yeast in the diet of cows, which in turn has led to the improvement of the health of the animal organism as a whole, and udder in particular. It is worth to note that the reduction of somatic cells number in milk of cows of experimental groups was statistically confirmed (P <0.001). Consequently, feeding dairy cows with probiotic preparations that are the live yeast of Levucell SC and ActiSaf Sc-47 affects some of the qualitative parameters of milk, such as fat concentration, bacterial insemination and the content of somatic cells. According to these indicators, improvement was observed at cows of experimental groups relatively to control analogues. Key words: a cow, live yeast, milk, Levucell SC, ActiSaf Sc-47, productivity.

scholarly journals Treatment with etamsylate reduces haemolactia in lactating dairy cows.

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-195
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Fraile ◽  
Antonio Arcas ◽  
Luis M. Jiménez ◽  
Josep Mallo ◽  
Ramon Armengol
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

AbstractThis Research Communication describes the efficacy of etamsylate to reduce haemolactia in dairy cows. A dairy cow with haemolactia produces milk that is reddish or pinkish due to the presence of blood. Haemolactia causes economic loss because bloody milk is rejected by the industry and the consumers. A total of 58 dairy cows with haemolactia were included in the study and randomly divided into treated (n = 31) and control (n = 27) groups. Treatment consisted of three consecutive daily doses of etamsylate at 15 mg/kg, delivered intramuscularly. Milk production was recorded daily for 7 d, whether or not blood was detected in milk. The mean number of days with the presence of blood in milk in the treatment group was significantly lower (3·4 d) than in the control group (4·9 d). Treatment with etamsylate did not significantly affect milk yield. In conclusion, treatment with etamsylate reduces the number of days blood is observed in milk and it does not have any negative effect on milk production.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Calcarea carbonica derivative complex (M8) on milk parameters in the dairy cow

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (40) ◽  
pp. 138-139
Author(s):  
André Brandão ◽  
Giovanna Polo ◽  
Eneida Janiscki Da Lozzo ◽  
Dorly Freitas Buchi ◽  
Carolina De Olivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Conium Maculatum

Background Any dairy herd that continually has a somatic cell count (SCC) above 200,000 cells/ml has an indication of mammary gland inflammation (mastitis). Routine use of antibiotics to prevent mastitis is prohibited by organic farming regulations. This limitation has lead researchers to focus on cows natural defense mechanisms [1]. Calcarea carbonica derivative complex (M8) is a complex high diluted medication comprised of comprised of Calcarea carbonica 16x, Aconitum napellus 20x, Arsenicum album 18x, Asa foetida 20x, Conium maculatum 17x, Ipecacuanha 13x, Phosphorus 20x, Rhus toxicodendron 17x, Silicea 20x, Sulphur 24x, and Thuya occidentalis 19x. Dilution procedures have followed standard methodology described at the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia. This medication has enhanced immune system responses both in vitro and in vivo in a murine model [2]. Aims In the present study, we investigate the response of dairy cows after M8 treatment. Methodology The study was performed as a randomized, observer double-blinded and placebo-controlled trial, with a stratified design, using lactation number and SCC as stratification factors. The study sample consisted of 42 lactating dairy cows (Holstein) in one high producing dairy herd with 52 cows in milk in southern Brazil, divided into two experimental groups (n=21). Exclusion criteria were cows with clinical mastitis or receiving any other medical treatment. Pre- and post-milking teat disinfection was practiced in the herd. All cows were clinically examined, with udder and milk samples being appraised according to Rosenberger (1990) [3]. During 3 months one group received daily M8 treatment, the other placebo. Oral administration of 5 ml/day/cow was performed using an automatic dosage dispenser. Monthly, milk production, SCC, fat and total protein content were carefully recorded for each animal by an official milk recording program. SCC were log transformed for analysis. ANOVA and Tukey test were used to compare the averages. The Bartlett´s test was used for homogeneity of variance evaluation. Results There were no significant differences (P=0.435) among the groups in the initial evaluation (Values of SCC x103 : Placebo 67,37±80,48; Treatment 359,39±677,02). After 3 months, the M8 treated group showed a decrease (134,00±178,76 P= 0.047) in SCC when compared with control group (391,71±686,60). Fat and protein did not differ between groups and time analysed. Milk production decreased in the placebo group during time (Before: 34,97±6,69kg; After:28,69±4,33kg), whereas the treatment group did not change total amount (Before: 28,7±6,54kg; After: 26,39±5,73kg; P > 0.05). Conclusions These results indicate that the M8 influenced positively SCC and suggest that it may be considered as a possible tool to promote bovine mastitis prophylaxis. Keywords: Calcarea carbonica complex, mastitis, somatic cell count [1] McDougall S, Parker KI, Heuer C, Compton CWR. A review of prevention and control of heifer mastitis via non-antibiotic strategies. Vet Microbiol. 2009; 154:177–85. [2] Oliveira CC, Abud APR, Oliveira SM, Guimarães FSF, Andrade LF, Di Bernardi RP, Coletto ELO, Kuczera D, Da Lozzo EJ, Gonçalves JP, Trindade ES, Buchi DF. Developments on drug discovery and on new therapeutics: highly diluted tinctures act as biological response modifiers. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2011; 11(101): 2-11. [3]Rosenberger, G. Die klinische Untersuchung des Rindes, 3. Neubearbeitete Auflage, Paul Parey Verlag, Berlin, 1990.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF BALANCED ENERGY AND PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION TO MILK PRODUCTION AND QUALITY IN EARLY LACTATING DAIRY COWS

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Widyobroto ◽  
R. Rochijan ◽  
I. Ismaya ◽  
A. Adiarto ◽  
Y. Y. Suranindyah
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
The Impact

This research was aimed to determine the impact of balanced energy and protein supplementation with high rumen undegraded protein (HRUP) to milk production and quality in early lactating dairy cows. Twelve early lactating Friesian Holstein cows were divided into two groups (control and HRUP). Both control and HRUP group were fed on a basal diet (forage to concentrate ratio was 60:40; DM basis), with rumen undegraded protein (RUP) levels were 27.47% and 32.78% for control and HRUP, respectively. The experimental diets were given to animals twice daily, morning and afternoon. Water was given by ad libitum. The observed parameters were nutrient intake, quantity and quality of milk production . Data were examined using t-test. Results showed that feed intake, milk production and 4% FCM, milk fat and lactose concentrations, and milk solid non-fat and total solid concentrations were not differed significantly between control and HRUP groups. However, milk protein concentration and production were differed (P

scholarly journals Determination of the Effect of Three Libyan Herbal Plants on the Quality and Taste of Milk in Aljfarah District, Libya

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Miloud Sweesi ◽  
Mohamed O. Ahmed ◽  
Mohamed Benothman ◽  
Ward M. Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Olea Europaea L ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
And Control ◽  
Olea Europaéa

The current study investigated the effect of selected local herbal plants on the quality and physical organoleptic taste of cow milk. In total, three medicinal plants namely Solanum schimperianum hochst (Zitoun), Olea europaea L (Hadeq) and Acacia etbaica schweinf (Kasha) were chosen. Five different farms in Aljfarah district were selected in the study. Approximately, 5gm of leaves from each plant were collected, cleaned and dried then crushed into powder. A 1800 ml milk sample was collected from the whole-milk container of each farm. 200 ml was used for each treated and control group. A standard fumigation process using charcoal fire was performed on each treated group using the prepared plant powder. The quality of treated milk against each tested plant was estimated by physical testings’ using gustatory and olfactory rank using 45 participants. In total, 40.9% of participants ranked Solanum schimperianum hochst as their first best choice followed by 34.8% for Olea europaea L and 23% chose Acacia etbaica schweinf. Fifty percent of participants have reported better quality of taste and odour of treated milk comparing to control groups. Also, 82% of participants expressed their confidence regarding the effectiveness of herbal plants in improving the quality of milk. In conclusion, herbal plants improved the quality of milk and limited the spoilage process, showing the potential application of herbal plants in milk industry.

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