scholarly journals Development of the Clinical Teaching Effectiveness Questionnaire in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle E. Wormley ◽  
Wendy Romney ◽  
Anna E. Greer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Teaching Effectiveness ◽  
Clinical Teaching ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Instructors ◽  
Valid Measure ◽  
Teaching Learning

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a valid measure for assessing clinical teaching effectiveness within the field of physical therapy.Methods: The Clinical Teaching Effectiveness Questionnaire (CTEQ) was developed via a 4-stage process, including (1) initial content development, (2) content analysis with 8 clinical instructors with over 5 years of clinical teaching experience, (3) pilot testing with 205 clinical instructors from 2 universities in the Northeast of the United States, and (4) psychometric evaluation, including principal component analysis.Results: The scale development process resulted in a 30-item questionnaire with 4 sections that relate to clinical teaching: learning experiences, learning environment, communication, and evaluation.Conclusion: The CTEQ provides a preliminary valid measure for assessing clinical teaching effectiveness in physical therapy practice.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns related to total mortality and cancer mortality in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela R. Entwistle ◽  
Donald Schweizer ◽  
Ricardo Cisneros
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The United States ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Purpose This study investigated the association between dietary patterns, total mortality, and cancer mortality in the United States. Methods We identified the four major dietary patterns at baseline from 13,466 participants of the NHANES III cohort using principal component analysis (PCA). Dietary patterns were categorized into ‘prudent’ (fruits and vegetables), ‘western’ (red meat, sweets, pastries, oils), ‘traditional’ (red meat, legumes, potatoes, bread), and ‘fish and alcohol’. We estimated hazard ratios for total mortality, and cancer mortality using Cox regression models. Results A total of 4,963 deaths were documented after a mean follow-up of 19.59 years. Higher adherence to the ‘prudent’ pattern was associated with the lowest risk of total mortality (5th vs. 1st quintile HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82–0.98), with evidence that all-cause mortality decreased as consumption of the pattern increased. No evidence was found that the ‘prudent’ pattern reduced cancer mortality. The ‘western’ and the ‘traditional’ patterns were associated with up to 22% and 16% increased risk for total mortality (5th vs. 1st quintile HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.11–1.34; and 5th vs. 1st quintile HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06–1.27, respectively), and up to 33% and 15% increased risk for cancer mortality (5th vs. 1st quintile HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.10–1.62; and 5th vs. 1st quintile HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06–1.24, respectively). The associations between adherence to the ‘fish and alcohol’ pattern and total mortality, and cancer mortality were not statistically significant. Conclusion Higher adherence to the ‘prudent’ diet decreased the risk of all-cause mortality but did not affect cancer mortality. Greater adherence to the ‘western’ and ‘traditional’ diet increased the risk of total mortality and mortality due to cancer.

The Religious Perfectionism Scale: A Cross-cultural Psychometric Evaluation Among Christians in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 009164712110115
Author(s):  
Kenneth T. Wang ◽  
Miriam S. Kang ◽  
Hsiu-Chi Lee ◽  
Irene Sipan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Fit Statistics ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Chinese Buddhists ◽  
Religious Perfectionism

The Religious Perfectionism Scale (RPS) was first developed among Chinese Buddhists, Christians, and Muslims. It consists of the following two subscales: Zealous Religious Dedication and Religious Self-Criticism. In this study, a cross-cultural psychometric evaluation of RPS was performed in a US Christian sample ( N = 233). The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results presented a strong data-to-model fit statistics for the two-factor oblique model (CFI = .977, SRMR = .051, RMSEA = .034) in the US sample. The measurement of invariance between US and Chinese samples was examined by multiple-group CFA. The results indicated that the RPS fulfilled invariance for factor loadings and residual variances, but intercepts were partially invariant. The internal consistency reliability coefficients for the two subscales were adequate (above .70). The construct validity test results confirmed our hypotheses that the ZRD was positively correlated with Religious Commitment ( r = .56), and the RSC was positively correlated with Scrupulosity ( r = .58). Overall results suggest that the RPS is a promising measure of religious perfectionism for Christians in the United States. The implications of this were discussed.

scholarly journals Geographic Distribution of Environmental Relative Moldiness Index Molds in USA Homes

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Vesper ◽  
Jennie Wakefield ◽  
Peter Ashley ◽  
David Cox ◽  
Gary Dewalt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Healthy Homes ◽  
Variable Clustering ◽  
Settled Dust ◽  
Geographical Distribution Pattern

Objective. The objective of this study was to quantify and describe the distribution of the 36 molds that make up the Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (ERMI).Materials and Methods. As part of the 2006 American Healthy Homes Survey, settled dust samples were analyzed by mold-specific quantitative PCR (MSQPCR) for the 36 ERMI molds. Each species' geographical distribution pattern was examined individually, followed by partitioning analysis in order to identify spatially meaningful patterns. For mapping, the 36 mold populations were divided into disjoint clusters on the basis of their standardized concentrations, and First Principal Component (FPC) scores were computed.Results and Conclusions. The partitioning analyses failed to uncover a valid partitioning that yielded compact, well-separated partitions with systematic spatial distributions, either on global or local criteria. Disjoint variable clustering resulted in seven mold clusters. The 36 molds and ERMI values themselves were found to be heterogeneously distributed across the United States of America (USA).

Teaching in an Orientation and Mobility Program for Chinese Special Educators

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 371-372
Author(s):  
N. Griffin-Shirley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Special Educators ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
Special Education Program

Since China has a favored-nation status, there has been an increase in the exchange of information between the United States and China over the past few years. Through the joint efforts of these two countries, a training program for Chinese special educators was developed. This article describes the author's teaching experience and general impressions while lecturing in this special education program.

scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis of Amino Acids and Health Beneficial Properties of Cantaloupe Varieties Grown in Six Locations in the United States

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jashbir Singh ◽  
Rita Metrani ◽  
Guddadarangavvanahally K. Jayaprakasha ◽  
Kevin M. Crosby ◽  
Sadhana Ravishankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Amino Acid Contents

Cantaloupe is a good dietary source of amino acids, including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamine, and citrulline. However, the levels of these amino acids vary among different cantaloupe varieties grown in different locations. Understanding the variation in amino acid contents provides fundamentally important information for quality control and improving melon varieties. To examine this variation, we measured the amino acid contents in cantaloupes grown in six locations in the United States (Texas, Georgia, North Carolina, California, Indiana, and Arizona). Principal component analyses were applied to analyze the effect of growing location on the amino acid profiles in different varieties. The GABA content ranged from 1006.14 ± 64.77 to 3187.12 ± 64.96 µg/g and citrulline ranged from 92.65 ± 9.52 to 464.75 ± 34.97 µg/g depending on the variety and location. Total phenolic contents, α-amylase inhibition, and antioxidant activities were also measured. Tuscan type Da Vinci had significantly higher phenolic contents in Arizona (381.99 ± 16.21 µg/g) but had the lowest level when grown in California (224.56 ± 14.62 µg/g). Our analyses showed significant differences in amino acid levels, phenolics contents, and antioxidant activity in the cantaloupe varieties based on the growing location. These findings underline the importance of considering growing location in the selection and improvement of cantaloupe varieties.

The Midpoint on a Five-Point Likert-Type Scale

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Alternative Analysis ◽  
One Year ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
Scale Format

Previous studies on the points of the Likert-scale format have not addressed the question of the effect on the score resulting from the use of “neutral” or “undecided” as the midpoint of a five-point scale. The present study addressed this topic with a scale on attitude toward the school board, using 389 undergraduate and 190 graduate students in education, the latter having at least one year of teaching experience, in seven geographically separated universities in the United States. The two formats of the scale were identical (strongly agree to strongly disagree) except that one scale midpoint was designated “undecided” and the midpoint of the other scale was designated as “neutral” with “undecided” as a no-answer alternative. Analysis showed differences were negligible and little if any erosion of score appears to result.

Teaching Professional Skills and Values in India: Challenges and Roadmap for Future

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
Anirban Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Teaching ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Professional Skills ◽  
National University ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Teaching Professional

Educating law students in fundamental professional skills and values has become an integral part of the modern legal education curriculum. ‘Clinical legal education’ (CLE) is the instructional method used for teaching professional skills and values. CLE aims to impart training of professional skills and values by engaging the students with legal aid activities and using that experience for the teaching–learning process. In the United States, credited for developing CLE, law faculties involve students to represent cases of indigent clients under their supervision and use that experience to teach legal skills and professional values. But with the global expansion of CLE, along with the US model (client representation clinic), many innovative alternative models have evolved, primarily due to local diversities. Therefore, in jurisdictions where ‘client representation clinic’ is not suitable due to local restrictions and resource constraints, new models such as ‘Street Law Clinic’, ‘Externship Clinic’ or ‘Law Reform Clinic’ have successfully evolved to be CLE model. Although regulatory bodies of Indian legal education have made CLE a mandatory part of the curriculum for over two decades, its implementation has been negligible and ineffective. Lack of proper training of faculties, absence of guidelines on CLE practice and procedure, financial constraints and legal restriction on faculties and their students to represent in courts are some of the reasons highlighted for the same. This article argues that legal education is inadequate and increases the gap with the legal profession, if professional skills and values are not imparted in a proper manner. In order to overcome the current inadequacy, effective integration of CLE is the call of the day. The article explores two alternative clinical teaching models namely ‘Street Law Clinic’ and ‘Law Reform Clinic’ and provides means to overcome the existing bottlenecks in implementation of CLE. It narrates the experiences of functioning of these clinics at West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences (WBNUJS) and apprises how these models can be replicated for effective clinical teaching, suiting Indian conditions.

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