scholarly journals INDONESIA-NORWAY COOPERATION TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS THROUGH REDD + SCHEMES (CASE STUDY: FORESTS OF CENTRAL KALIMANTAN)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-162
Author(s):  
Christin Sicilia Blandina Ansanay
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Environmental problems, in particular, climate change is of international concern as this issue is directly related to human life using natural resources such as forests, regardless of environmental carrying capacity and ecosystem sustainability. It will undoubtedly affect the economy because natural resources have economic and social functions that provide benefits and become the foundation for the sustainability of the lives of nations in the world, especially in reducing the impact of climate change. The purpose of this research is to know the cooperation between Indonesia dan Norway to reduce greenhouse gas emission (GHG) through Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) scheme. The benefits of the research are theoretically useful for the development of the International Relations of science, especially concerning the cooperation of the environment. The theory used as the basis of the author in answering the question is the theory of constructivism. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. The results of this research indicate that the cooperation between Indonesia and Norway runs well through the preparation and transition phase, but not yet at the full implementation stage so that there has been no result of reduction of gas emissions a significant deforestation and degradation. However, this cooperation has a positive impact on improving forest governance for Indonesia and raising awareness government and communities to safeguard and conserve forests to reduce carbon emissions through the formation of policies in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Food Retailers Regarding Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Ayanda Pamella Deliwe ◽  
Shelley Beryl Beck ◽  
Elroy Eugene Smith
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Food Retail ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
The Impact

Objective – This paper sets out to assess perceptions of food retailers regarding climate change, greenhouse gas emission and sustainability in the Nelson Mandela Bay region of South Africa. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the food retailers’ greenhouse gas emissions strategies. Climate change catastrophic potential and the harmful effect that it has had on the community and businesses has led to it being given attention from social media and in literature. Methodology/Technique – This paper covered a literature review that provided the theoretical framework. The empirical study that was carried out included self-administered questionnaires which were distributed to 120 food retailers who were selected from the population using convenience sampling. Findings - The results revealed that most of the respondents were neutral towards the impact of operational factors regarding GHG emission in the food retail sector. Novelty - There is limited research that has been conducted among food retailers from the designated population. The study provided guidelines that will be of assistance to food retailers when dealing with climate change and greenhouse gas emissions impact in the food retail sector. Type of Paper: Empirical. JEL Classification: L66, Q54, Q59. Keywords: Climate Change; Food Retailers; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Perceptions; Strategies; Sustainability Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Deliwe, A.P; Beck, S.B; Smith, E.E. (2021). Perceptions of Food Retailers Regarding Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Journal of Business and Economics Review, 5(4) 26–35. https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2021.5.4(3)

Structural safety and design under climate change

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Croce ◽  
Paolo Formichi ◽  
Filippo Landi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact

<p>The impact of climate change on climatic actions could significantly affect, in the mid-term future, the design of new structures as well as the reliability of existing ones designed in accordance to the provisions of present and past codes. Indeed, current climatic loads are defined under the assumption of stationary climate conditions but climate is not stationary and the current accelerated rate of changes imposes to consider its effects.</p><p>Increase of greenhouse gas emissions generally induces a global increase of the average temperature, but at local scale, the consequences of this phenomenon could be much more complex and even apparently not coherent with the global trend of main climatic parameters, like for example, temperature, rainfalls, snowfalls and wind velocity.</p><p>In the paper, a general methodology is presented, aiming to evaluate the impact of climate change on structural design, as the result of variations of characteristic values of the most relevant climatic actions over time. The proposed procedure is based on the analysis of an ensemble of climate projections provided according a medium and a high greenhouse gas emission scenario. Factor of change for extreme value distribution’s parameters and return values are thus estimated in subsequent time windows providing guidance for adaptation of the current definition of structural loads.</p><p>The methodology is illustrated together with the outcomes obtained for snow, wind and thermal actions in Italy. Finally, starting from the estimated changes in extreme value parameters, the influence on the long-term structural reliability can be investigated comparing the resulting time dependent reliability with the reference reliability levels adopted in modern Structural codes.</p>

PESTICIDE AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXTERNALITIES FROM US AGRICULTURE — THE IMPACT OF THEIR INTERNALIZATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 1350008 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIKOLINKA SHAKHRAMANYAN ◽  
UWE A. SCHNEIDER ◽  
BRUCE A. McCARL
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Climate change may affect the use of pesticides and their associated environmental and human health impacts. This study employs and modifies a partial equilibrium model of the US agricultural sector to examine the effects of alternative regulations of the pesticide and greenhouse gas emission externality. Simulation results indicate that without pesticide externality regulations and low greenhouse gas emission mitigation strategy, climate change benefits from increased agricultural production in the US are more than offset by increased environmental costs. Although the combined regulation of pesticide and greenhouse gas emission externalities increases farmers' production costs, their net income effects are positive because of price adjustments and associated welfare shifts from consumers to producers. The results also show heterogeneous impacts on preferred pest management intensities across major crops. While pesticide externality regulations lead to substantial increases in total water use, climate policies induce the opposite effect.

scholarly journals Effects of Climate Change on the Distribution of Akebia quinata

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ming Zhang ◽  
Min-Li Song ◽  
Zhen-Jian Li ◽  
Xiang-Yong Peng ◽  
Shang Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
Geometric Center ◽  
The Impact

Akebia quinata, also known as chocolate vine, is a creeping woody vine which is used as Chinese herbal medicine, and found widely distributed in East Asia. At present, its wild resources are being constantly destroyed. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for the resource protection of this plant species by analyzing the possible changes in its geographic distribution pattern and its response to climate factors. It is the first time maximum entropy modeling (MaxEnt) and ArcGIS software have been used to predict the distribution of A. quinata in the past, the present, and the future (four greenhouse gas emission scenarios, namely, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5). Through the prediction results, the impact of climate change on the distribution of A. quinata and the response of A. quinata to climate factors were analyzed. The results showed that the most significant climatic factor affecting the distribution pattern of A. quinata was the annual precipitation. At present, the suitable distribution regions of A. quinata are mainly in the temperate zone, and a few suitable distribution regions are in the tropical zone. The medium and high suitable regions are mainly located in East Asia, accounting for 51.1 and 81.7% of the worldwide medium and high suitable regions, respectively. The migration of the geometric center of the distribution regions of A. quinata in East Asia is mainly affected by the change of distribution regions in China, and the average migration rate of the geometric center in each climate scenario is positively correlated with the level of greenhouse gas emission scenario.

scholarly journals The impact of heat on kidney stone presentations in South Carolina under two climate change scenarios

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Kaufman ◽  
Ana M. Vicedo-Cabrera ◽  
Vicky Tam ◽  
Lihai Song ◽  
Ethan Coffel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe risk of kidney stone presentations increases after hot days, likely due to greater insensible water losses resulting in more concentrated urine and altered urinary flow. It is thus expected that higher temperatures from climate change will increase the global prevalence of kidney stones if no adaptation measures are put in place. This study aims to quantify the impact of heat on kidney stone presentations through 2089, using South Carolina as a model state. We used a time series analysis of historical kidney stone presentations (1997–2014) and distributed lag non-linear models to estimate the temperature dependence of kidney stone presentations, and then quantified the projected impact of climate change on future heat-related kidney stone presentations using daily projections of wet-bulb temperatures to 2089, assuming no adaptation or demographic changes. Two climate change models were considered—one assuming aggressive reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (RCP 4.5) and one representing uninibited greenhouse gas emissions (RCP 8.5). The estimated total statewide kidney stone presentations attributable to heat are projected to increase by 2.2% in RCP 4.5 and 3.9% in RCP 8.5 by 2085–89 (vs. 2010–2014), with an associated total excess cost of ~ $57 million and ~ $99 million, respectively.

scholarly journals Individualized responsibility: 'if climate protection becomes everyone's responsibility, does it end up being no-one's?'

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Kent
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Change Strategies ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Climate Change Information

Whereas global compacts, such as the Kyoto Protocol, have yet to consolidate action from governments on climate change, there has been increasing emphasis and acknowledgement of the role of individuals (as citizens and consumers) as contributors to climate change and as responsible agents in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Recently, along with the acknowledgement of the threat that anthropogenic climate change presents to the planet, governments and non-government organizations have focused on personal responsibility campaigns targeting individuals and households with a view to stemming the growth of greenhouse gas emissions. The Australian Government, for example, spent $25 million in 2007 on the climate change information campaign targeted to every Australian household, ‘Be Climate Clever: “I can do that”. Such measures centre on “personal, private-sphere ….. behaviour” (Stern 2005: 10786) that focuses on the “choice of goods, services and lifestyles” (WWF-UK 2008: 10) and imply that global greenhouse gas emission reduction targets can be met through the actions of individuals. There is growing concern in some quarters about climate change programs that emphasize individual behaviour change strategies that use “simple and painless steps” (WWF-UK 2008) and “small steps add up” (Accountability and Consumers International 2007) approaches. The emergent fear is that given the urgency of the climate change problem that such approaches will mean important opportunities for citizen-led action will be lost. This paper will explore how notions of individual responsibility have arisen and what the trend towards individualized responsibility may mean for active citizenship on climate change.

scholarly journals Conservation Agriculture: An Agroecological Approach to Adapting and Mitigating Climate Change Impacts on Malawi’s Agriculture

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Adewale M. Ogunmodede
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation

Although Africa’s contribution to the world’s greenhouse gas emission is the smallest compared to other continents, yet they tend to be affected most by the variability in Climate. Malawi is not an exception to this climate change, as they are not just faced with rising temperatures and variable rainfall patterns, but with reoccurring droughts and severe flooding. Agriculture has been noted to contribute significantly to not only climate change but also has significant impacts on global warming through its greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, not all farming systems impact negatively on climate change. Conservation Agriculture is a farming system that encourages no or minimum soil disturbance, maintenance of a permanent soil cover, and diversification of crop species. These three interlinked principles combined with good agricultural practices promote biodiversity and normal biotic processes, both on and under the ground surface, thereby increasing the productivity and nutrient use efficiency of water, into a more resilient farming system which will help sustain and improve agricultural production. This review looks at Conservation Agriculture practices in the Machinga Agricultural Development Division of Malawi and its role in climate change mitigation and adaptation. This paper shows that Conservation Agriculture has played an active role in the adaptation and mitigation of climate change effect by reducing atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions but suggested there is a need for the government to formulate a CA framework that is founded on the three interlinked principles and not just based on soil and water conservation principles which are currently being advocated and practised.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Emission Widens Income Inequality in Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biruk Birhanu Ashenafi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Over the past couple of decades, we have witnessed a rise in greenhouse gas emissions and widening income inequality that threaten human well-being. Addressing these challenges and ensuring sustainable economic growth becomes a pressing issue for the development policy agendas across Africa. This paper offers an answer for the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on income inequality by taking the most vulnerable region. In doing so, a panel data set from 1981–2015 across 49 countries are used and applied a panel data fixed effect regression and instrumental variable method (IV). We establish s causal relationship and show that greenhouse gas emission widens income inequality. We further cemented our baseline finding using alternative emission indicators typical to the Agrarian society. Our findings shed light on alternative development policy choices to the African continent where the traditional policy prescription does not fit the current dynamics in demography, urbanization, and agricultural practices. Hence, we emphasize the Agriculture Development Lead Industrialization (ADLI) policy that places high importance on transforming the livelihood of the people engaged in agriculture. The approach has proven to unlock the trinity challenge posed by environmental degradation, income inequality, and stagnant economic growth. Indeed, industrialization can be realized through transforming agriculture first. Adding value to agriculture reduces emission, redistributes income, and eventually maintains steady per capita income growth in Africa.

scholarly journals Effects of climate change on the distribution of wild Akebia trifoliata

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ming Zhang ◽  
Xiang-Yong Peng ◽  
Min-Li Song ◽  
Zhen-Jian Li ◽  
Xin-Qiao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
The Impact

Understanding the impacts and constraints of climate change on the potential geographic distribution of wild Akebia trifoliata is crucial for its sustainable management and economic development as a medicinal material or fruit. In this study, according to the first-hand information obtained on-the-spot investigation, the geographic distribution and response to climate factors of Akebia trifoliata were studied by the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS. The genetic diversity and population structure of 21 natural populations of Akebia trifoliata were studied by SSR markers. The results showed that precipitation and temperature were the two most important climatic factors that restrict the geographic distribution of Akebia trifoliata. Under the current climate scenario, the suitable growth regions of Akebia trifoliata in China were 91.7-121.9 °E and 21.6-37.5 °N. Combined with the evolutionary relationship and prediction results, 21 populations of Akebia trifoliata tended to migrate to the north. In the scenarios (SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) of higher greenhouse gas emission concentration, the distribution area of Akebia trifoliata continued to expand, while in the low concentration greenhouse gas emission scenario (SSP1-2.6), the distribution area of Akebia trifoliata remained stable. The distribution center of Akebia trifoliata in China will shift to high latitude regions with the increase of temperature in the future. The results evaluated the impact of climate factors on the spatial distribution of wild Akebia trifoliata, displayed the possible changes of geographical distribution of Akebia trifoliata under different climate scenarios, and provided scientific evidence for durative protection and supervise of Akebia trifoliata.

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