scholarly journals The Influence of Smoking and Cessation on the Human Reproductive Hormonal Balance

2017 ◽  
pp. S323-S331 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. JANDÍKOVÁ ◽  
M. DUŠKOVÁ ◽  
L. STÁRKA
Keyword(s):  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Successful Pregnancy ◽  
Tobacco Addiction ◽  
Hormonal Balance ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
Hormonal System ◽  
Estrogen Effect

Smoking is the most widespread substance dependence in the world. Nicotine and some other components of the cigarette smoke cause various endocrine imbalances, and have negative effects on pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, testicular and ovarian functions. Here, we examined studies that describe the influence of smoking and smoking cessation on the male and female reproductive systems. We also focused on studies providing an account of differences in cessation success rates between men and women. In men, the most common effects associated with smoking are erectile dysfunction and decreasing spermiogram quality. Several groups have studied the effects of cigarette smoking on testosterone levels in men. However, the results have been conflicting. In women, nicotine has an anti-estrogen effect and increases the ratio of androgens to estrogens throughout life. Beside nicotine, other cigarette toxins also cause dysregulation of reproductive and hormonal system, and essentially influence the probability of a successful pregnancy not only in cases of assisted reproduction but also in healthy women. Tobacco addiction is one of the forms of addiction that are generally thought to be different for men and for women. Women are less successful than men in quitting smoking, and nicotine replacement therapy is less effective in female smokers. We also summarize recent studies that have indicated possible reasons.

scholarly journals NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF SMOKING ON SEMEN PARAMETERS AFTER VARICOCELECTOMY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammet Buğday ◽  
ersoy öksüz ◽  
murat dursun ◽  
serhan çimen ◽  
Muhammet sulukaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
World Health ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Male Patients

Background: The negative effects of varicocele and smoking on infertility are known. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of smoking on the healing process after varicocelectomy. Methods and Materials: 378 male patients who have undergone varicocelectomy operation were included in the study. Patients were divided into three groups as non-smokers, patients who smoke less than 10 cigarettes per day and patients who smoke 10 or more cigarettes per day. Semen analysis of the patients before varicocelectomy operation and three months after varicocelectomy operation were evaluated and semen volume, sperm concentration and sperm motility were evaluated according to WHO (World Health Organizations) guidelines. NCSS (Number Cruncher Statistical System) 2007 (Kaysville, Utah, USA) program was used for statistical analysis. Results: Patient age changed between 16 and 52 and the mean age is 27,20±6,74. When cigarette usage was evaluated, it was determined that 52,82% of patients (n=220) were non-smokers, 13,8% of patients (n=52) smoke less than 10 cigarettes per day and 28,0% of patients (n=106) smoke 10 or more cigarettes per day Improvement in sperm concentration and motility rates after varicocelectomy was determined to be lower in 10 or more cigarette smoking group compared to other groups. Conclusions: It is shown that cigarettes play a negative role in recovery process after varicocelectomy operation. Knowing that smoking negatively affects the success of the operation may contribute to patients’ quitting smoking.

scholarly journals Assessment of Male Infertility

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Ahu Aksoy ◽  
Duygu Vefikuluçay Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Reproductive Techniques

As a result of modern life, postponement of gestational age, obesity, electromagnetic waves, hormone and genetically modified foods, stress, smoking and alcohol use and sexually transmitted diseases directly cause negative effects on human health. The reproductive system, which is sensitive to environmental changes, is the most affected. In recent years, the usage of assisted reproductive techniques led to an increase in the number of men as well women who consults health institutions for assistance in conception. Because factors pertaining to males comprise half of all fertility problems. In this context, all these factors should be considered when assessing infertile men. Nowadays, many new methods such as endocrine tests, sperm analysis, radiological evaluation, testis biopsy, immunological tests and sperm function tests have been developed to diagnose and assess male infertility. Thanks to these methods, fertility success rates have increased.  Therefore, when assessing infertile males, nurses should determine the condition causing fertility, provide accurate information about the prognosis, provide counseling during the research, provide support and training, and offer treatment options according to the evaluation results. Keywords: Infertility assessment, male infertility, fertility, nursing.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the success of women’s entrepreneurship: a review of literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezilda María Cabrera ◽  
David Mauricio
Keyword(s):  
Business Success ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Opportunity Identification ◽  
Entrepreneurial Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Women’S Entrepreneurship ◽  
Women's Entrepreneurship

Purpose Women entrepreneurship has grown significantly all over the world, and it is widely established that entrepreneurship is important for economic growth and wealth. Despite those facts, women’s participation in entrepreneurship is lower than men’s in almost all societies. Those phenomena get the attention of scholars from diverse disciplines, all of them interested in the behaviour and profile of female entrepreneurs and their business success rates. Several isolated factors were studied, with positive and negative effects on each stage of the entrepreneur process, for women entrepreneurs, so the purpose of this research is identify, classify by their impact and organise those factors in relation to the stages of the entrepreneur process. Design/methodology/approach The literature on factors affecting female entrepreneurship produced since January 2010 until October 2015 is analysed to define entrepreneurial success, identify factors affecting success at each stage of the entrepreneurial process and propose and organise those factors at individual and environment levels. Findings Several factors affecting female entrepreneurial success at each stage of the entrepreneurship process were found and organised at the internal (individual), micro, meso and macro environment level. In the literature reviewed, the most considered factors are: at the internal level, human capital, education and experience, with effects on the opportunity identification stage of the entrepreneurial process, and at the micro environment level, access to resources with effects on the opportunity recognition, acquiring resources and entrepreneurial performance stages, both with influence on quantitative and qualitative indicators of success. Originality/value This paper proposes an integrated classification and an array for all those factors that have an influence on women’s entrepreneurship and its success, relating those to the entrepreneurship process.

scholarly journals The Influence of Cigarette Smoking on Various Aspects of Periodontal Health

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vimal Jacob ◽  
Sajith Vellappally ◽  
Jindra Šmejkalová
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Treatment Procedures

Tobacco is one of the most important risk factors for oral diseases, including oral cancer, oral mucosal lesions and periodontal diseases. There is substantial evidence suggesting that the risk of oral diseases increases with frequent use of tobacco and that quitting smoking results in reduced risk. In this article, the influence of cigarette smoking on the periodontium will be discussed, giving importance to the effects on immune responses, alveolar bone loss, periodontal pathogens and briefly outlining the negative effects of smoking on wound healing and periodontal treatment procedures.

scholarly journals The Effects of E-Cigarette Vapor Components on the Morphology and Function of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6152
Author(s):  
Kamila Szumilas ◽  
Paweł Szumilas ◽  
Anna Grzywacz ◽  
Aleksandra Wilk
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Reproductive Systems ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Hormonal Balance ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
And Function ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

E-cigarettes, a comparatively new phenomenon, are regarded as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes. They are increasingly popular among adolescents of both sexes, and many smokers use e-cigarettes in their attempts to quit smoking. There is little understanding of the effects of exposure to e-cigarette vapors on human reproductive health, human development, or the functioning of the organs of the male and female reproductive systems. Data on the effects of the exposure were derived mainly from animal studies, and they show that e-cigarettes can affect fertility. Here, we review recent studies on the effects of exposure to e-cigarettes on facets of morphology and function in the male and female reproductive organs. E-cigarettes, even those which are nicotine-free, contain many harmful substances, including endocrine disruptors, which disturb hormonal balance and morphology and the function of the reproductive organs. E-cigarettes cannot be considered a completely healthy alternative to smoking. As is true for smoking, deleterious effects on the human reproductive system from vaping are likely, from the limited evidence to date.

Effects on time to lapse of switching menthol smokers to non-menthol cigarettes prior to a cessation attempt: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-055689
Author(s):  
Michael Kotlyar ◽  
Ryan Shanley ◽  
Sheena R Dufresne ◽  
Gretchen A Corcoran ◽  
Kolawole S Okuyemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Time To Relapse ◽  
Post Hoc

IntroductionMenthol smokers (particularly African-Americans) have lower cessation success rates than non-menthol smokers. With bans being considered on characterising menthol flavour in cigarettes, data are needed regarding how switching to non-menthol cigarettes impacts cessation measures.MethodsIn this randomised pilot study, African-American menthol cigarette smokers interested in quitting smoking either continued smoking menthol cigarettes (n=60) or switched to non-menthol cigarettes (n=62) for a 1-month period prior to a cessation attempt. The primary endpoint was time to smoking lapse (ie, time from quitting until any smoking). Additional endpoints included time to smoking relapse (ie, number of days from quitting until the first of seven consecutive smoking days) and difference between groups in subjective measures.ResultsAfter attempting to quit, the non-menthol cigarette group had indications of delayed time to lapse (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.55 to 1.22; p=0.33) and time to relapse (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.42 to 1.06; p=0.09), although these were not statistically significant. Post hoc analyses suggest that observed differences were largely due to a smaller proportion of participants in the non-menthol group relapsing within the first day of quitting (21% vs 40%; p=0.05). Values of other measures assessed postcessation were largely similar between groups.ConclusionsThese data suggest that among African-American smokers, a menthol cigarette ban would not undermine short-term cessation measures and may result in some benefits. Future research is needed to assess longer term cessation rates and to identify interventions to maximise cessation success in the event of a menthol ban.Trial registration numberNCT02342327.

scholarly journals Influence of Hydrocarbon-Oxidizing Bacteria on the Growth, Biochemical Characteristics, and Hormonal Status of Barley Plants and the Content of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Soil

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1745
Author(s):  
Elena Kuzina ◽  
Gulnaz Rafikova ◽  
Lidiya Vysotskaya ◽  
Tatyana Arkhipova ◽  
Margarita Bakaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Oil Hydrocarbons ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Oil Plant ◽  
Hormonal System ◽  
The Relationship

Much attention is paid to the relationship between bacteria and plants in the process of the bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils, but the effect of petroleum degrading bacteria that synthesize phytohormones on the content and distribution of these compounds in plants is poorly studied. The goal of the present field experiment was to study the effects of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria that produce auxins on the growth, biochemical characteristics, and hormonal status of barley plants in the presence of oil, as well as assessing the effect of bacteria and plants separately and in association with the content of oil hydrocarbons in the soil. The treatment of plants with strains of Enterobacter sp. UOM 3 and Pseudomonas hunanensis IB C7 led to an increase in the length and mass of roots and shoots and the leaf surface index, and an improvement in some parameters of the elements of the crop structure, which were suppressed by the pollutant. The most noticeable effect of bacteria on the plant hormonal system was a decrease in the accumulation of abscisic acid. The data obtained indicate that the introduction of microorganisms weakened the negative effects on plants under abiotic stress caused by the presence of oil. Plant-bacteria associations were more effective in reducing the content of hydrocarbons in the soil and increasing its microbiological activity than when either organism was used individually.

scholarly journals Barriers to Cigarette Smoking Cessation in Pakistan: Evidence from Qualitative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Abdul Hameed ◽  
Daud Malik
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Cigarette Brand ◽  
Tobacco Addiction ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Qualitative Technique

Background. With over 25 million tobacco users, Pakistan has one of the largest smoking populations in the world. Tobacco addiction comes with grave health consequences, especially for the poor and marginalized. Objective. This study explores barriers to smoking cessation in marginalized communities of Islamabad and the possibility of their use of Harm Reduction Products (HRPs), primarily e-cigarettes. Methodology. The study has used primary data of 48 respondents from marginalized communities. Several domains have been employed to evaluate the barriers to smoking cessation in these communities. Using qualitative technique, data was organized and categorized into objective themes. Conclusion. The experience of combustible smoking usually occurs in the 10-20 years’ age bracket. Regular smokers in marginalized areas of Islamabad smoke 20 cigarettes or a pack per day. Their choice of cigarette brand is largely driven by affordability. Most smokers have made at least one attempt to quit smoking. Peer pressure and friendship are major barriers to smoking cessation. Lack of knowledge seems to be the major reason for not seeking medical assistance for quitting smoking. Knowledge about HRPs, especially e-cigarettes, can best be described as vague. Higher prices of the alternatives to combustible smoking are a major hurdle preventing their use for smoking cessation.

scholarly journals Successful Pregnancy in a 31-Year-Old Peritoneal Dialysis Patient with Bilateral Nephrectomy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abu-Zaid ◽  
Ahmed Nazer ◽  
Osama AlOmar ◽  
Ismail A. Al-Badawi
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Dialysis Patient ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Patient ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Bilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Successful Pregnancy ◽  
Risk Pregnancy ◽  
First Case

Frequency of pregnancy among childbearing age women with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing long-term periodic dialysis ranges from 1% to 7%. Although pregnancy in dialysis women with ESRD is considered a largely high-risk pregnancy, occurrence of successful pregnancy is not impossible with success rates approaching 70%. Rates of successful pregnancy are greatly impacted by early pregnancy diagnosis and preserved residual renal functions. Herein, to the best of our knowledge, we report the first case of successful pregnancy (despite late diagnosis at 14 weeks of gestation) in a 31-year-old peritoneal dialysis patient with bilateral nephrectomy and no whatsoever preserved residual renal function. Moreover, a literature review on pregnancy in dialysis patients is presented.

The silver lining

Interpreting ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Gorm Hansen ◽  
Miriam Shlesinger
Keyword(s):  
Student Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Independent Practice ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Final Exam ◽  
Pedagogical Tools ◽  
Learning Platform ◽  
Contact Hours ◽  
Copenhagen Business School

In an attempt to offset the negative effects of reduced contact hours, teachers of interpreting are encouraged to take advantage of cost-effective methods, including technology-assisted self-study sessions and offline practice. This paper describes the use of new pedagogical tools and equipment (ultra-modern labs, innovative software packages) to support the teaching of (mostly consecutive) interpreting at the Copenhagen Business School. We report on various interventions that were tried over a period of several years, in the interest of enhancing student performance. Aside from streamlining the teaching process, the new tools have been found to offset the anxiety so typical of interpreting students. The different types of materials — including those available on a dedicated e-learning platform — facilitate self-paced and self-monitored practice, and encourage independent practice among students whose motivation in the conventional setting had been far more limited. Dramatic improvements in the final exam success rates highlight the effectiveness of the new approach.

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