scholarly journals High-Fructose Diet-Induced Hypertriglyceridemia Is Associated With Enhanced Hepatic Expression of ACAT2 in Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1021-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ichigo ◽  
A. Takeshita ◽  
M. Hibino ◽  
T. Nakagawa ◽  
T. Hayakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
High Fructose Diet ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
High Fructose

High levels of fructose induce hypertriglyceridemia, characterized by excessive levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins such as very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL); however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The aim of this short communication was to examine hepatic changes in the expression of genes related to cholesterol metabolism in rats with hypertriglyceridemia induced by high-fructose or high-glucose diets. Rats were fed a 65 % (w/w) glucose diet or a 65 % (w/w) fructose diet for 12 days. Serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and VLDL+LDL-cholesterol, hepatic levels of triglycerides and cholesterol, and ACAT2 expression at the gene and protein levels were significantly higher in the fructose diet group compared to the glucose diet group. The hepatic levels of Abcg5/8 were lower in the fructose group than in the glucose group. Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and hepatic expression levels of Hmgcr, Ldlr, Acat1, Mttp, Apob, and Cyp7a1 did not differ significantly between groups. These findings suggest that high-fructose diet-induced hypertriglyceridemia is associated with increased hepatic ACAT2 expression.

Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and development of prehypertension

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
В.В. Шерстнев ◽  
М.А. Грудень ◽  
В.П. Карлина ◽  
В.М. Рыжов ◽  
А.В. Кузнецова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Optimal Blood Pressure

Цель - исследование взаимосвязи факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и развития предгипертонии. Методика. Проведен сравнительный и корреляционный анализы показателей модифицируемых и немодифицируемых факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у обследованных лиц в возрасте 30-60 лет с «оптимальным» артериальным давлением, (n = 63, АД <120/80 мм рт.ст.) и лиц с предгипертонией (n = 52, АД = 120-139/80-89 мм рт.ст.). Результаты. Показано, что лица с предгипертонией по сравнению с группой лиц, имеющих «оптимальное» артериальное давление характеризуются статистически значимо повышенным содержанием холестерина и холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности, интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности, а также значимыми сочетаниями факторов риска: повышенный уровень холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности с интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности; повышенное содержание креатинина с уровнем триглициридов; наследственная отягощенность по заболеваниям почек и интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности; наследственная отягощенность по сахарному диабету и гипертрофия левого желудочка сердца. У лиц с предгипертонией документированы перестройки структуры взаимосвязи (количество, направленность и сила корреляций) между показателями факторов риска в сравнении с лицами, имеющими «оптимальное» артериальное давление. Заключение. Выявленные особенности взаимосвязей факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний при предгипертонии рассматриваются как проявление начальной стадии дизрегуляционной патологии и нарушения регуляции физиологических систем поддержания оптимального уровня артериального давления. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between risk factors for cardiovascular disease and development of prehypertension. Methods. Comparative and correlation analyses of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease were performed in subjects aged 30-60 with «optimal» blood pressure (n = 63, BP <120/80 mm Hg) and prehypertension (n = 52, BP = 120-139 / 80-89 mm Hg). Results. The group with prehypertension compared with the «optimal» blood pressure group had significantly increased serum levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, sedentary/intellectual type of occupation, and significant combinations of risk factors. The risk factor combinations included an increased level of LDL cholesterol and a sedentary/intellectual occupation; increased serum levels of creatinine and triglycerides; hereditary burden of kidney disease and a sedentary/intellectual occupation; hereditary burden of diabetes mellitus and cardiac left ventricular hypotrophy. In subjects with prehypertension compared to subjects with «optimal» blood pressure, changes in correlations (correlation number, direction, and strength) between parameters of risk factors were documented. Conclusion. The features of interrelationships between risk factors for cardiovascular disease observed in prehypertension are considered a manifestation of early dysregulation pathology and disordered regulation of physiological systems, which maintain optimal blood pressure.

scholarly journals Virgin Olive Oil Extracts Reduce Oxidative Stress and Modulate Cholesterol Metabolism: Comparison between Oils Obtained with Traditional and Innovative Processes

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 798
Author(s):  
Carmen Lammi ◽  
Nadia Mulinacci ◽  
Lorenzo Cecchi ◽  
Maria Bellumori ◽  
Carlotta Bollati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Phenolic Profiles

This study was aimed at demonstrating the substantial equivalence of two extra virgin olive oil samples extracted from the same batch of Coratina olives with (OMU) or without (OMN) using ultrasound technology, by performing chemical, biochemical, and cellular investigations. The volatile organic compounds compositions and phenolic profiles were very similar, showing that, while increasing the extraction yields, the innovative process does not change these features. The antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic activities of the extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) phenol extracts were also preserved, since OMU and OMN had equivalent abilities to scavenge the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radicals in vitro and to protect HepG2 cells from oxidative stress induced by H2O2, reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation levels. In addition, by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme a reductase, both samples modulated the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) pathway leading to increased LDLR protein levels and activity.

scholarly journals Genetic deletion of Abcc6 disturbs cholesterol homeostasis in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Ibold ◽  
Janina Tiemann ◽  
Isabel Faust ◽  
Uta Ceglarek ◽  
Julia Dittrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Cholesterol Depletion ◽  
Transferase Activity

AbstractGenetic studies link adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter C6 (ABCC6) mutations to pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). ABCC6 sequence variations are correlated with altered HDL cholesterol levels and an elevated risk of coronary artery diseases. However, the role of ABCC6 in cholesterol homeostasis is not widely known. Here, we report reduced serum cholesterol and phytosterol levels in Abcc6-deficient mice, indicating an impaired sterol absorption. Ratios of cholesterol precursors to cholesterol were increased, confirmed by upregulation of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (Hmgcr) expression, suggesting activation of cholesterol biosynthesis in Abcc6−/− mice. We found that cholesterol depletion was accompanied by a substantial decrease in HDL cholesterol mediated by lowered ApoA-I and ApoA-II protein levels and not by inhibited lecithin-cholesterol transferase activity. Additionally, higher proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (Pcsk9) serum levels in Abcc6−/− mice and PXE patients and elevated ApoB level in knockout mice were observed, suggesting a potentially altered very low-density lipoprotein synthesis. Our results underline the role of Abcc6 in cholesterol homeostasis and indicate impaired cholesterol metabolism as an important pathomechanism involved in PXE manifestation.

scholarly journals Changes in clinical indicators related to the transition from dialysis to kidney transplantation—data from the ERA-EDTA Registry

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-198
Author(s):  
Pichaya Tantiyavarong ◽  
Anneke Kramer ◽  
James G Heaf ◽  
Patrik Finne ◽  
Anders Åsberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Mineral And Bone Disorder ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background Kidney transplantation should improve abnormalities that are common during dialysis treatment, like anaemia and mineral and bone disorder. However, its impact is incompletely understood. We therefore aimed to assess changes in clinical indicators after the transition from chronic dialysis to kidney transplantation. Methods We used European Renal Association–European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry data and included adult dialysis patients for whom data on clinical indicators before and after transplantation (2005–15) were available. Linear mixed models were used to quantify the effect of transplantation and of time after transplantation for each indicator. Results In total, 16 312 patients were included. The mean age at transplantation was 50.1 (standard deviation 14.2) years, 62.9% were male and 70.2% were on haemodialysis before transplantation. Total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides increased right after transplantation but decreased thereafter. All other indicators normalized or approached the target range soon after transplantation and these improvements were sustained for the first 4 years of follow-up. In patients with higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels (30–60 and &gt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2), the improvement of haemoglobin, ferritin, ionized calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin and C-reactive protein levels was more pronounced than in patients with a lower eGFR (&lt;30 mL/min/1.73 m2). Conclusions Except for total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, all clinical indicators improved after transplantation. These improvements were related to eGFR. Nevertheless, values remained out of range in a considerable proportion of patients and anaemia and hyperparathyroidism were still common problems. Further research is needed to understand the complex relationship between eGFR and the different clinical indicators.

scholarly journals Hepatic expression of cholesterol regulating genes favour increased circulating low-density lipoprotein in HIV infected patients with gallstone disease: a preliminary study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Mewa Kinoo ◽  
Anil A. Chuturgoon ◽  
Bugwan Singh ◽  
Savania Nagiah
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background HIV endemic populations are displaying higher incidence of metabolic disorders. HIV and the standard treatment are both associated with altered lipid and cholesterol metabolism, however gallstone disease (a cholesterol related disorder) in Sub-Saharan African populations is rarely investigated. Methods This study sought to evaluate hepatic expression of key genes in cholesterol metabolism (LDLr, HMGCR, ABCA1) and transcriptional regulators of these genes (microRNA-148a, SREBP2) in HIV positive patients on antiretroviral therapy presenting with gallstones. Liver biopsies from HIV positive patients (cases: n = 5) and HIV negative patients (controls: n = 5) were analysed for miR-148a and mRNA expression using quantitative PCR. Results Circulating total cholesterol was elevated in the HIV positive group with significantly elevated LDL-c levels(3.16 ± 0.64 mmol/L) relative to uninfected controls (2.10 ± 0.74 mmol/L; p = 0.04). A scavenging receptor for LDL-c, LDLr was significantly decreased (0.18-fold) in this group, possibly contributing to higher LDL-c levels. Transcriptional regulator of LDLr, SREBP2 was also significantly lower (0.13-fold) in HIV positive patients. Regulatory microRNA, miR-148a-3p, was reduced in HIV positive patients (0.39-fold) with a concomitant increase in target ABCA1 (1.5-fold), which regulates cholesterol efflux. Conclusions Collectively these results show that HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy display altered hepatic regulation of cholesterol metabolizing genes, reducing cholesterol scavenging, and increasing cholesterol efflux.

scholarly journals Hepatic Expression of Cholesterol Regulating Genes Favour Increased Circulating Low-Density Lipoprotein in HIV Infected Patients With Gallstone Disease: A Preliminary Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Kinoo ◽  
Anil Chuturgoon ◽  
Bugwan Singh ◽  
Savania Nagiah
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background: HIV endemic populations are displaying higher incidence of metabolic disorders. HIV and the standard treatment are both associated with altered lipid and cholesterol metabolism, however gallstone disease (a cholesterol related disorder) in Sub-Saharan African populations is rarely investigated. Methods: This study sought to evaluate hepatic expression of key genes in cholesterol metabolism (LDLr, HMGCR, ABCA1) and transcriptional regulators of these genes (microRNA-148a, SREBP2) in HIV positive patients on antiretroviral therapy presenting with gallstones. Liver biopsies from HIV positive patients (cases: n=5) and HIV negative patients (controls: n=5) were analysed for miR-148a and mRNA expression using quantitative PCR.Results: Circulating total cholesterol was elevated in the HIV positive group with significantly elevated LDL-c levels(3.16±0.64mmol/L) relative to uninfected controls (2.10±0.74mmol/L; p=0.04). A scavenging receptor for LDL-c, LDLr was significantly decreased (0.18-fold) in this group, possibly contributing to higher LDL-c levels. Transcriptional regulator of LDLr, SREBP2 was also significantly lower (0.13-fold) in HIV positive patients. Regulatory microRNA, miR-148a-3p, was reduced in HIV positive patients (0.39-fold) with a concomitant increase in target ABCA1 (1.5-fold), which regulates cholesterol efflux. Conclusions: Collectively these results show that HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy display altered hepatic regulation of cholesterol metabolizing genes, reducing cholesterol scavenging and increasing cholesterol efflux.

Platelet Aggregation and Plasma Lipoproteins in Alcoholics During Alcohol Withdrawal

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (02) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Desai ◽  
J S Owen ◽  
D T Wilson ◽  
R A Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Content ◽  
Low Density

SummaryPlatelet aggregation, platelet lipid composition and plasma lipoprotein concentrations were measured each week in a group of seventeen alcoholics, without overt liver disease, for one month, following acute, total alcohol withdrawal. The platelets were initially hypoaggregable but, within 1-2 weeks of cessation of drinking, they became hyperaggregable and then gradually returned towards normal values. Hyperaggregability could not be explained by increases in either the cholesterol or the arachidonic acid content of the platelets. Plasma very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels remained high throughout the study, but the initially raised levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol fell by 26%. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration rose by 10% after two weeks of withdrawal but then returned to about the starting level. The resulting changes in the plasma LDL-cholesterol: HDL-cholesterol ratio, which had increased by more than 50% after two weeks of abstinence, essentially paralleled the time course of enhanced platelet reactivity in all but four of the alcoholics. These findings suggest that alterations in plasma lipoprotein concentrations during acute alcohol withdrawal may be a contributory factor to the haemostatic disorders present in such patients.

Antidyslipidemic and Antioxidant Activities of Matricaria pubescens (Desf.) Shultz.in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayoub Amssayef ◽  
Bouchra Azzaou ◽  
Mohammed Ajebli ◽  
Mohamed Eddouks
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Lipoprotein Profile ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Asteraceae Family

Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of Matricaria pubescens. Background: Matricaria pubescens (Desf.) Shultz belongs to Asteraceae family and it is commonly used traditionally for handling diabetes mellitus. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the antioxidant activity of Matricaria pubescens (Desf.) Shultz and its effect on lipid and lipoprotein profile in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: The effect of repeated (7 days of treatment) oral administration of the aqueous extract of aerial part of Matricaria pubescens (MPAE) at a dose of 40 mg/kg on lipid and lipoprotein profile was examined in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, a preliminary phytochemical screening and the quantification of phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents as well as the antioxidant activity using two methods (FRAP and ABTS) were carried out. Results: MPAE demonstrated a potent antidyslipidemic effect in diabetic rats by reducing serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). In addition, the results showed that the extract is rich in several phytochemical compounds and revealed an important antioxidant activity. Conclusion: In summary, this study proved that Matricaria pubescens (Desf.) Shultz. has a favorable effect on diabetic dyslipidemia.

Epidemiology Of Myocardial Infarction: Magnitude Of The Problem, Cause And Risk Factors

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
W B Kannel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Marginal Risk

Coronary heart disease is a common, highly lethal, disease which frequently attacks without warning and too often presents with sudden death as the first symptom. Chances of an American male developing CHD before age 60 are one in five.Most angina, infarctions and sudden deaths represent medical failures which should have been forecasted and prevented. About 30% of first MI's will shortly develop angina and experience a per annum death rate, half of which will be sudden deaths. Reinfarctions will occur at 6% per year and half the recurrences will be fatal.No major innovations are needed to identify coronary candidates or to establish their risk from the joint effect of known risk factors. However, all have much to learn about motivating changes in behavior required to control the major risk factors such as cigarette smoking, faulty diet, overweight, sedentary living, abnormal lipids, hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance.Low density lipoprotein cholesterol promotes atherogenesis whereas HDL-cholesterol is protective, and the net effect is judged by their ratio. Hypertension, systolic or diastolic, labile or fixed, at any age in either sex is a powerful contributor to CHD. The impact of diabetes is greater for women, diminishes with age and varies depending on coexisting risk factors.Optimal risk evaluation requires quantitative combination of risk factors so as to include persons with multiple marginal risk factor abnormalities who are at high risk.

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