Entomofauna asociada al cultivo de Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal, en el municipio de Lloró, occidente de Colombia

En tres parcelas de 6 m x 10,5 m se evaluó la entomofuana asociada al cultivo de Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal. Los insectos se colectaron aplicando captura manual y trampa. Las manuales, se efectuaron con el apoyo de jamás, pinzas y guantes de carnaza, las capturas con trampa, se realizaron por medio de trampas pitfall sin atrayentes, la intensidad de muestreo fue de 308 horas/hombre para las capturas manuales y 1344 horas/hombre para capturas con trampas pitfall. Se colectaron en total 386 individuos distribuidos en 38 géneros, 22 familias y cinco órdenes. La composición trófica sugiere a los insectos fitófagos y zoófagos como los más abundantes. La fluctuación poblacional de los insectos asociados, estuvo muy relacionada con la fenología del cultivo, ya que el registro de colectas de los insectos sugiere un aumento de la población en la etapa de floración del cultivo. The entomophuana associated with the Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal crop was evaluated in three 6 m x 10.5 m plots. The insects were collected by manual capture and trapping. The manual captures were carried out with the support of a pair of tweezers and gloves, the trapping was done with pitfall traps without attractants, the sampling intensity was 308 man-hours for manual captures and 1344 man-hours for captures with pitfall traps. A total of 386 individuals were collected, distributed in 38 genera, 22 families and five orders. The trophic composition suggests phytophagous and zoophagous insects as the most abundant. The population fluctuation of the associated insects was closely related to the phenology of the crop, since the record of insect collections suggests an increase in the population during the flowering stage of the crop.

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On collection of predatory thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) in wheat fields

Zoology and Ecology ◽

10.35513/21658005.2020.2.1 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 83-88

Author(s):

Behzad Miri ◽

Naser Moeini-Naghadeh

Keyword(s):

Dominant Species ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Population Fluctuation ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Ripening Stage ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Wheat Growth ◽

Thrips Species ◽

Evenness Index ◽

Rainfed Wheat

Some thrips species are known as predators of eggs, exist as the inactive stages of mites, and can be tiny, especially phytophagous thrips. This study aimed at evaluating the population fluctuation and species diversity of predatory thrips in wheat fields of Eyvan county (Ilam province, Iran) in the year 2016. Thrips specimens were collected and identified by weekly sampling during wheat growth stages (from early April to late June). Wheat bushes were shaken on a white dish. Finally, microscopic slides were prepared and all samples were enumerated. The population fluctuation of predatory thrips was calculated. In this study, six species of predatory thrips belonging to three genera were identified. Amongst them, Aeolothrips intermedius Bagnall (family Aeolothripidae) was the dominant species in both irrigated and rainfed wheat fields accounting for 72.43% and 50.85% of all species, respectively. Biodiversity indices were calculated using the number of species and their relative abundance. Shannon diversity, Simpson’s, Margalef’’s and species richness indices were 1.76, 0.86, 1.25 and 1, respectively. The highest biodiversity was in rainfed fields and during the wheat flowering stage, and the highest Shannon-Wiener evenness index was also in rainfed fields and at the ripening stage. The richness of thrips in rainfed wheat fields during the stem elongation stage was higher than in other wheat stages. Correlation of the density of predatory thrips with temperature and humidity showed a significantly positive correlation with temperature.

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Effect of Bio and Organic Fertilizers on Pumpkin's (Cucurbita pepo L.) Leave Content of N, P, and K

Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Agriculture Sciences (QJAS) (P-ISSN 2077-5822 E-ISSN 2617-1479) ◽

10.33794/qjas.vol10.iss1.104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 241-245

Author(s):

Ammar Hameed Madi ◽

Jawad A. Kamal Al-Shibani

Keyword(s):

Cucurbita Pepo ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

College Of Agriculture ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Four Levels

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of bacterial bio-fertilization A. chroococcum and P. putide and four levels of compost (0, 1, 2, 3) tons.h-1 on the leaves content of N.P.K elements. The experiment was carried out in one of the greenhouses of the College of Agriculture - University of Al-Qadisiyah during fall season 2018-2019. It designed in accordance with the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates in sandy loam soil. The means of treatments were compared with the least significant difference (LSD) at (5)% probability level. The results present that the treatments of A. chroococcum, P. putide and compost at (3) tons.kg-1 significantly increases the leaves content of K.P.K compared to all other treatments in the flowering stage (4.970, 0.5000, and 4.930) mg.kg-1, respectively. This treatment was followed by the effect of the treatment of A. chroococcum and compost at (3) tons.kg-1, which increases the values of all traits except the leaf content of (P). Bio-fertilizer with P. putide + A. chroococcum significantly increases the leaves' content of P.

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Effects of Low Temperature Stress during Flowering Stage on Flowering and Seed Setting of Rice in Panxi Region, Sichuan Province

ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1006.2012.01734 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (9) ◽

pp. 1734-1742 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rong-Ping ZHANG ◽

Jun MA ◽

Guang-Ze CAI ◽

Yong-Jian SUN

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Sichuan Province ◽

Low Temperature Stress ◽

Seed Setting ◽

Flowering Stage

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Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea Latreille, 1802: new continent record and distribution extension in Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/6.2.217 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 217 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mariana Juventina Magrini ◽

Paula Beatriz Araujo ◽

Marcio Uehara-Prado

Keyword(s):

Rio Grande ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Pitfall Traps ◽

São Paulo ◽

Undescribed Species ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Serra Do Mar ◽

First Time

Terrestrial Isopods were sampled in four protected Atlantic Forest areas located in Serra do Mar, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. A total of 2,217 individuals of six species (Atlantoscia sp., Benthana werneri, Pseudodiploexochus tabularis, Pudeoniscus obscurus, Styloniscus spinosus and Trichorhina sp.) were captured in pitfall traps. The exotic species S. spinosus is recorded for the first time for the Americas. Another introduced species, P. tabularis, previously recorded only from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, had its geographic distribution extended to the state of São Paulo. The most abundant isopods in this study belong to an undescribed species of Atlantoscia.

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Wood Pastures: A Transitional Habitat between Forests and Pastures for Dung Beetle Assemblages

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12010025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

László Somay ◽

Viktor Szigeti ◽

Gergely Boros ◽

Réka Ádám ◽

András Báldi

Keyword(s):

Functional Group ◽

Animal Health ◽

Habitat Type ◽

Dung Beetle ◽

Dung Beetles ◽

Livestock Grazing ◽

Pitfall Traps ◽

Assemblage Composition ◽

Beetle Assemblages

Wood pastures are home to a variety of species, including the dung beetle. Dung beetles are an important functional group in decomposition. Specifically, in terms of livestock manure, they not only contribute to nutrient cycling but are key players in supporting human and animal health. Dung beetles, however, are declining in population, and urgent recommendations are needed to reverse this trend. Recommendations need to be based on solid evidence and specific habitats. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of an intermediate habitat type between forests and pastures. Wood pastures are key areas for dung beetle conservation. For this reason, we compared dung beetle assemblages among forests, wood pastures, and grasslands. We complemented this with studies on the effects of dung type and season at three Hungarian locations. Pitfall traps baited with cattle, sheep, or horse dung were used in forests, wood pastures, and pasture habitats in spring, summer, and autumn. Dung beetle assemblages of wood pastures showed transient characteristics between forests and pastures regarding their abundance, species richness, Shannon diversity, assemblage composition, and indicator species. We identified a strong effect of season and a weak of dung type. Assemblage composition proved to be the most sensitive measure of differences among habitats. The conservation of dung beetles, and the decomposition services they provide, need continuous livestock grazing to provide fresh dung, as well as the maintenance of wood pastures where dung beetle assemblages typical of forests and pastures can both survive.

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Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition to Soil Improves Seed Yield, Foliar Stomatal Conductance, and the Photosynthetic Response of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11060483 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 483

Author(s):

Esmaeil Zangani ◽

Kamran Afsahi ◽

Farid Shekari ◽

Eileen Mac Sweeney ◽

Andrea Mastinu

Keyword(s):

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Quantum Yield ◽

Photosystem Ii ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Nitrogen Application ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Phosphorus Levels

The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on the physiological traits, yield, and seed yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), were studied in a farm research project of Zanjan University. Three levels of nitrogen (0, 100, and 200 kg/ha) and three levels of phosphorus (0, 75, and 150 kg/ha) were considered. The results showed that an increase in nitrogen level caused an increase in the leaf chlorophyll content so that the application of 200 kg/ha of nitrogen increased the chlorophyll content of the leaves until the mid-grain filling stage. Nitrogen application lowered leaf stomatal conductance in the early flowering stage whereas the stomatal conductance was increased during the late flowering stage. Nitrogen application (100 and 200 kg/ha) also increased the quantum yield of photosystem II. On the other hand, with the application of 150 kg/ha and 75 kg/ha of phosphorus, the leaf stomatal conductance and the quantum yield of photosystem II in the early flowering stage increased respectively. The results showed that the application of 200 kg/ha of nitrogen and 75 kg/ha of phosphorus significantly increased seed and oil yield compared to the control. In addition, the number of siliques per plant and the weight of 1000 seeds showed an increasing trend that was affected by nitrogen and phosphorus levels. This study demonstrated that nitrogen enhanced the chlorophyll content, leaf area, and consequently, the quantum yield of photosystem II. Nitrogen also augmented the seed filling duration, seed yield, and oil yield by increasing gas exchange. As a result, the application of 100 kg/ha of nitrogen together with 75 kg/ha phosphorus showed the greatest effect on the qualitative and quantitative yield of rapeseed. However, the application of 200 kg/ha of nitrogen alone or in combination with different levels of phosphorus did not significantly increase many of the studied traits.

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Influence of Pre-Sowing Operations on Soil-Dwelling Fauna in Soybean Cultivation

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11060474 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 474

Author(s):

Darija Lemic ◽

Ivana Pajač Živković ◽

Marija Posarić ◽

Renata Bažok

Keyword(s):

Cover Crop ◽

Soil Fauna ◽

Biological Indicators ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Pitfall Traps ◽

Beneficial Insects ◽

The Family ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Natural Equilibrium ◽

Positive Effect

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different pre-sowing operations on the abundance and composition of total soil fauna in soybean cultivation, with special attention to carabids as biological indicators of agroecosystem quality. The study was conducted in central Croatia with six different pre-sowing activities (cover crop, mulching, ploughing, glyphosate, fertiliser removal, conventional tillage). Pitfall traps were used to collect soil fauna in April, June and September. After determining the abundance and composition of the fauna, their coenological characteristics were calculated and statistical analysis was performed. During the study, 7836 individuals of soil fauna were collected. The composition consisted of 84% beneficial, 8% harmful and 8% indifferent fauna. Class Insecta was the most numerous with a proportion of 56%, with most members of the family Carabidae (1622 individuals), followed by the class Arachnida (40%). The number of fauna collected was influenced by the interaction between pre-seeding intervention and sampling date. Pre-seeding interventions that did not involve soil activities did not affect the number and composition of soil fauna at the beginning of vegetation. Mechanical interventions in the soil and warmer and drier weather have a negative effect on the number and composition of soil fauna. As the season progresses, the influence of pre-sowing activities on soil fauna in soybean crops decreases. It seems that a reduction in mechanical activities in the shallow seed layer of the soil has a positive effect on species richness or diversity. Of particular note is the large proportion of beneficial insects that currently colonise the study area, characterising soil richness and stable natural equilibrium.

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Exogenous 5-azaCitidine accelerates flowering and external GA3 increases ornamental value in Iranian Anemone accessions

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86940-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vahideh Yari ◽

Zeynab Roein ◽

Atefeh Sabouri

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Flower Longevity ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Stem Height ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Potted Plants ◽

Dormancy Period ◽

Treatment Conditions ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Pre Treatment

AbstractThe Anemone genus is a tuberous geophyte which undergoes a dormancy period during unfavorable environmental conditions for growth. Five species of the Anemone genus naturally grow in several regions of Iran. The diverse uses of Anemone in gardens for landscaping, cut flowers, and potted plants indicate its high ornamental potential. Its dormancy and flowering are influenced by various factors. The present paper was conducted to explore the flowering behavior of Anemone accessions in response to different pre-treatments. For this purpose, tubers of 18 Anemone accessions (A. coronaria and A. biflora) were collected from natural regions of six provinces in Iran. These tubers were subjected to different conditions of non-chilling (20 °C, 90 days), chilling (4 °C, 90 days), GA3 (150 mgL-1; 24 h), and 5-azaCitidine (5-azaC; 40 µM; 24 h) prior to the cultivation. Most of the accessions were able to enter the flowering stage without chilling. The shortest period for the sprouting of tubers (16.89 ± 7.83 days) belonged to 5-azaC pre-treatment. In addition, this treatment accelerated the flowering time (about 30 days earlier) and diameter of the stem, bud, and flower. Morphological characteristics, such as stem height, number of leaves, bud, and petal and the longevity of flowers on the plant were significantly affected by GA3 pre-treatment. Our results indicated a positive correlation between flower length, stem height, and stem diameter with flower longevity under different pre-treatment conditions. The present study demonstrated that accessions Anm3, Anm12, and Anm18 had ornamental values higher than the population mean across four conditions.

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