TALL FESCUE TOXICITY: AN INVESTIGATION OF IDIOPATHIC BOVINE HYPERTHERMIA (IBH) IN THE NORTH AUCKLAND PENINSULA.

1986 ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
M.P. Kearns
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Jersey Cattle ◽  
The North ◽  
Almost All

A survey was made of 64 dairy herds, grazing pastures containing naturalised tall fescue in the North Auckland peninsula, to demonstrate an assooation of endophyte fungus in tall fescue with IBH. Of these, 40 farms had cattle with IBH and 24 had no IBH. Endophyte fungus was identtfied in tall fescue samples from all survey farms. Acremonium coenophiolum was demonstrated in samples from almost all farms and a high proportion of these also showed a Phiafophora-like endophyte. No correlation could be shown between the presence of endophyte or any farm management practices such as topdressing etc and IBH. Breed susceptibility was observed in Friesian breeds whilst Jersey cattle were less susceptible. IBH first appeared in November and December with a peak m January. Most affected herds had a hlstory of IBH for many years. Keywords: Dairy cattle, tall fescue toxicity, endophyte fungus, idiopathic bovine hyperthermia, IBH. heat-stress, hyperthermia.

Herd factors affecting somatic cell count in Irish dairy herds

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 102-102
Author(s):  
P.T. Kelly ◽  
K. O’Sullivan ◽  
D.P. Berry ◽  
B. O’Brien ◽  
E.J. O’Callaghan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Payment System ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Confined Systems ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Management Factors

The Irish milk payment system penalises against high milk somatic cell count (SCC). Previous studies have related farm management practices to herd SCC (Barkema et al., 1998); however similar study has never been undertaken in Ireland. Furthermore, these previous studies have generally been conducted in confined systems. The objective of this study was to investigate potential management factors affecting herd SCC in Irish, spring calving, grass based dairy herds.

Association of Herd Management Factors with Colonization of Dairy Cattle by Shiga Toxin-Positive Escherichia coli O157

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 802-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONALD E. HERRIOTT ◽  
DALE D. HANCOCK ◽  
ERIC D. EBEL ◽  
LINDA V. CARPENTER ◽  
DANIEL H. RICE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Management Factors

Management factors in 36 Pacific Northwest dairy herds were evaluated for their association with the prevalence of Shiga toxin-positive Escherichia coli O157 (E. coli O157) in dairy cattle. The within-herd prevalence of E. coli O157 was estimated by bacteriological culture of fecal pat samples, collected monthly for 6 months (approximately 60 per visit), from heifer cattle. During the first visit to each farm, a management questionnaire was administered that covered a broad range of animal husbandry practices. On each subsequent visit, a brief questionnaire was administered to detect changes in management practices. A significantly higher prevalence of E. coli O157 was noted in herds that fed com silage to heifers compared to herds that did not feed com silage. More tentative associations of E. coli O157 prevalence were observed for weaning method, protein level of calf starter, feeding of ionophores in heifer rations, feeding of grain screens to heifers, and feeding of animal by-products to cows.

Effects of heat stress on reproductive efficiency in Holstein dairy cattle in the North African arid region

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1250-1257
Author(s):  
Hanane Djelailia ◽  
Rachid Bouraoui ◽  
Bayrem Jemmali ◽  
Taha Najar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
North African ◽  
The North

scholarly journals Involvement of the VEGF signaling pathway in immunosuppression and hypoxia stress: analysis of mRNA expression in lymphocytes mediating panting in Jersey cattle under heat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Yang Xiang ◽  
Shisong Jiang ◽  
Hongchang Li ◽  
Flurin Caviezel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Oxygen Regulation ◽  
Vegf Signaling ◽  
Jersey Cattle ◽  
Vegf Signaling Pathway

Abstract Background Extreme panting under heat stress threatens dairy cattle milk production. Previous research has revealed that the gas exchange-mediated respiratory drive in critically ill dairy cattle with low O2 saturation induces panting. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling may play important roles in immunosuppression and oxidative stress during severe respiratory stress responses in heat-stressed cattle. The objectives of this study were to transcriptomically analyze mRNA expression mediating heat-induced respiratory stress-associated panting, evaluate gas exchange, screen hub genes, and verify the expression of proteins encoded by differentially expressed genes in lymphocyte pathways. Results Jersey cattle were naturally heat-exposed. Physiological data were collected for response evaluation, and blood was collected for gas exchange and gene expression assays at 06:00, 10:00 and 14:00 continuously for 1 week. Lymphocytes were isolated from whole-blood samples for mRNA-seq and expression analysis of key pathway genes/proteins. The cattle respiration rates differed with time, averaging 51 bpm at 06:00, 76 bpm at 10:00, and 121 bpm at 14:00 (p < 0.05). Gas exchange analysis showed that both pH and pCO2 differed with time: they were 7.41 and 41 mmHg at 06:00, 7.45 and 37.5 mmHg at 10:00, and 7.49 and 33 mmHg at 14:00, respectively (p < 0.01). Sixteen heat-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 13 upregulated and 3 downregulated) were screened between 212 DEGs and 1370 heat stress-affected genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) hub gene functional analysis annotated eleven genes to signal transduction, six genes to the immune response, and five genes to the endocrine response, including both prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and VEGF. Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis revealed that oxygen regulation was associated with the phosphorus metabolic process, response to oxygen levels, response to decreased oxygen levels, response to hypoxia and cytokine activity terms. The main signaling pathways were the VEGF, hypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1), cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and TNF pathways. Four genes involved Integrin beta 3 (ITBG3), PTGS2, VEGF, and myosin light chain 9 (MYL9) among the 16 genes related to immunosuppression, oxidative stress, and endocrine dysfunction were identified as participants in the VEGF signaling pathway and oxygenation. Conclusion These findings help elucidate the underlying immune and oxygen regulation mechanisms associated with the VEGF signaling pathway in heat-stressed dairy cattle.

scholarly journals A Review on Sub Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cattle

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Champak Bhakat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Subclinical mastitis is the most prevalent and economically destructive disease in dairy cattle throughout the country. It is 3–40 times more common than clinical mastitis and causes the greatest overall losses in most dairy herds. It is a multi etiological complex disease which consists infectious and noninfectious agents as potential risk factors. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis in cows increases with increased milk production, unhygienic management practices and with increasing number of lactation. There are no visible changes in the udder or milk but it reduces milk production and adversely affects milk quality. Early detection of sub clinical mastitis can be done by various indirect and direct tests.

scholarly journals Experiences of ryegrass endophyte on farms on the East Coast of the North Island

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
G.D. Milne ◽  
A.H. Russell ◽  
J.R. Russell ◽  
S.W. Russell ◽  
P.A. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Probable Reason ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of

A case study of a Hawke's Bay farm with a history of ryegrass staggers (RGS) and results of a survey of veterinarians from three regions are presented. A RGS outbreak in 1989 on the 'Tunanui' property at Sherenden resulted in the loss of 900 sheep and three cattle, with total costs estimated to be $61,000. There have been no severe outbreaks since then, despite similar climatic conditions occurring. The probable reason for this is a combination of improved awareness of RGS and conscious avoidance of the problems, and the indirect effects of other changes to farm management. The survey of veterinarians showed a rise in the prevalence of ryegrass endophyte related disorders in Manawatu and Waikato between the 1980s and 1990s, but no change for East Coast regions. Veterinarians spend very little time assisting clients with endophyte related problems, despite 41% of clients having problems. It is recommended that veterinarians provide more prevention advice to farmers, and farm management practices that successfully reduce RGS be promoted. Keywords: cattle, deaths, disorders, East Coast, farm, prevalence, remedies, ryegrass staggers, sheep, veterinarians

scholarly journals Genomic Selection Improves Heat Tolerance in Dairy Cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Garner ◽  
M. L. Douglas ◽  
S. R. O Williams ◽  
W. J. Wales ◽  
L. C. Marett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Abstract Dairy products are a key source of valuable proteins and fats for many millions of people worldwide. Dairy cattle are highly susceptible to heat-stress induced decline in milk production, and as the frequency and duration of heat-stress events increases, the long term security of nutrition from dairy products is threatened. Identification of dairy cattle more tolerant of heat stress conditions would be an important progression towards breeding better adapted dairy herds to future climates. Breeding for heat tolerance could be accelerated with genomic selection, using genome wide DNA markers that predict tolerance to heat stress. Here we demonstrate the value of genomic predictions for heat tolerance in cohorts of Holstein cows predicted to be heat tolerant and heat susceptible using controlled-climate chambers simulating a moderate heatwave event. Not only was the heat challenge stimulated decline in milk production less in cows genomically predicted to be heat-tolerant, physiological indicators such as rectal and intra-vaginal temperatures had reduced increases over the 4 day heat challenge. This demonstrates that genomic selection for heat tolerance in dairy cattle is a step towards securing a valuable source of nutrition and improving animal welfare facing a future with predicted increases in heat stress events.

scholarly journals Involvement of the VEGF Signaling Pathway in Immunosuppression and Hypoxia Stress: Analysis of mRNA Expression in Lymphocytes Mediating Panting in Jersey Cattle under Heat Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
jian wang ◽  
Yang Xiang ◽  
Shisong Jiang ◽  
Hongchang Li ◽  
Caviezel Flurin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Oxygen Regulation ◽  
Vegf Signaling ◽  
Jersey Cattle ◽  
Vegf Signaling Pathway

Abstract Background: Extreme panting under heat stress threatens dairy cattle milk production. Previous research has revealed that the gas exchange-mediated respiratory drive in critically ill dairy cattle with low O2 saturation induces panting. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling may play important roles in immunosuppression and oxidative stress during severe respiratory stress responses in heat-stressed cattle. The objectives of this study were to transcriptomically analyze mRNA expression mediating heat-induced respiratory stress-associated panting, evaluate gas exchange, screen hub genes, and verify the expression of proteins encoded by differentially expressed genes in lymphocyte pathways. Results: Jersey cattle were naturally heat-exposed. Physiological data were collected for response evaluation, and blood was collected for gas exchange and gene expression assays at 06:00, 10:00 and 14:00 continuously for one week. Lymphocytes were isolated from whole-blood samples for mRNA-seq and expression analysis of key pathway genes/proteins. The cattle respiration rates differed with time, averaging 51 bpm at 06:00, 76 bpm at 10:00, and 121 bpm at 14:00 (p < 0.05). Gas exchange analysis showed that both pH and pCO2 differed with time: they were 7.41 and 41 mmHg at 06:00, 7.45 and 37.5 mmHg at 10:00, and 7.49 and 33 mmHg at 14:00, respectively (p < 0.01). Sixteen heat-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 13 upregulated and 3 downregulated) were screened between 212 DEGs and 1370 heat stress-affected genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) hub gene functional analysis annotated eleven genes to signal transduction, six genes to the immune response, and five genes to the endocrine response, including both prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and VEGF. Gene Ontology(GO) functional enrichment analysis revealed that oxygen regulation was associated with the phosphorus metabolic process, response to oxygen levels, response to decreased oxygen levels, response to hypoxia and cytokine activity terms. The main signaling pathways were the VEGF, hypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1), cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and TNF pathways. Four genes involved Integrin beta 3 (ITBG3), PTGS2, VEGF, and myosin light chain 9 (MYL9) among the 16 genes related to immunosuppression, oxidative stress, and endocrine dysfunction were identified as participants in the VEGF signaling pathway and oxygenation. Conclusion: These findings help elucidate the underlying immune and oxygen regulation mechanisms associated with the VEGF signaling pathway in heat-stressed dairy cattle.

INFLUENCE OF GREENHOUSE SHADING AND DIFFERENT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ALLEVIATING HEAT STRESS, IMPROVING PLANT NUTRIENTS STATUS, FLOWERING GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1014
Author(s):  
Sulaiman & Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nutrition Programs ◽  
The Impact

The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons to evaluate the impact of the shading and various nutrition programs on mitigating heat stress, reducing the use of chemical minerals, improving the reproductive growth and yield of tomato plant. Split-plot within Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted in this study. Shading factor was allocated in the main plots and the nutrition programs distributed randomly in the subplots. Results indicate that shading resulted in the decrease of daytime temperature by 5.7˚C as an average for both seasons; thus a significant increasing was found in leaf contents of macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium), and micro nutrients (Iron, Zinc and Boron), except the Iron content in 2018 growing season. Furthermore, shading improved significantly the reproductive growth and tomato yield. Among the plant nutrition programs, the integrated nutrient management (INM) including the application of organic substances, bio inoculum of AMF and 50% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers; lead to the enhancement of nutrients content, reproductive characteristics and plant yield. Generally, combination of both shading and INM showed positive effects on plants nutrient status and persisting balance on tomato flowering growth and fruits yield.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document