scholarly journals WINTER FEED VALUE OF 'GRASSLANDS MOATA TETRAPLOID ITALIAN RYEGRASS IN SOUTHLAND

1989 ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
M.J. Hickey ◽  
G.S. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
First Year ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Three separate experiments evaluating 'Grasslands Moata' (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) during autumn and winter in Southland are discussed. In two, establishment, productivity and persistence of Moata was compared with 'Grasslands Nui' perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). 'Grasslands Manawa' short rotation ryegrass (L perenne x L. multiflorum) and 'Grasslands Paroa' (L. multiflorum Lam.) and 'Concord' Italian ryegrasses. The third experiment compared ram lamb performance on Moata and Nui. Moata and Concord established rapidly, both producing 30% greater autumn/winter growth in the first year than Paroa and Manawa. However in the second autumn/winter Moata outyielded the other cultivars by 14%. Moata also outyielded Nui perennial ryegrass during autumn/winter by an average of 10% over two years. Lambs grazing Moata during winter had higher liveweight gains than those on Nui (223 ct. 139 g/head/day), a result of higher feed intakes of Moata compared with Nui (2.01 ct. 1.65 kg/ head/day). The differences in feed intake were related to the in vitro digestibility of the two ryegrasses (79% for Moata cf 69% for Nui) and the crude protein levels of the herbage (22.6% for Moata cf 19.3% for Nui). Keywords: Italian ryegrass. pasture quality, cool-season growth, animal performance, Acremonium endophyte

Prediction of Digestibility and Intake of Sheep Fed Leguminosae or GRAMINAE Hays: Comparison Between the in Vitro Digestibility, Kinetics of Gas Production or Dry Matter Degradation

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 103-103
Author(s):  
M.T. Dentinho ◽  
K. Khazaal ◽  
J.M. Ribeiro ◽  
E.R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Kinetics Of

By using separated values of kinetics of in situ dry matter (DM) degradation or in vitro gas production (Menke and Steingass, 1988) of leguminosae hays, Khazaal et al, (1993) reported high correlation with intake (r= 0.88; r= 0.79) and in vivo DM digestibility (DMD) (r= 0.94; r= 0.88). The aim of the present study was to extend the range of samples used and compare the ability of the 2 stages in vitro digestibility (Tilley and Terry, 1963), the in situ DM degradation or the gas production techniques to predict daily intake (g DM/ kgW0.75) and in vivo DM digestibility (DMD) of 19 leguminous and graminaceous hays fed to sheep.Three harvesting stages (early bloom EB, mid bloom MB or in seed IS) made from lucerne (Medicago sativa), sweet clover (Melilotus segetalis), Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum), Rye (Secale cereale), Triticale (Triticale hexaploid), oat (Avena stativa) and a pre-bloom (PB) Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum ). Each hay was fed ad libitum to 4 Merino male sheep and their intake and in vivo DMD recorded. Gas production (ml/ 200 mg DM) or in situ DM degradation (g/ 100 g DM) were determined as described by Khazaal et al, (1993) after 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 or 96 h incubation. Measured gas production or DM degradation values were fitted to the equation p=a+b(l-e-ct)(McDonald, 1981) where p is gas production or DM degradation at time t and a, b and c are constants. For nylon bag the washing loss (soluble fraction) was defined as A, the insoluble but fermentable matter was defined as B=(a+b)-A, and c is the rate of fermentation or degradation (Ørskov and Ryle, 1990).

scholarly journals Short Communication: Performance of steers fed on pasture receiving different seeding rates of vetch in an integrated crop-livestock system

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. e06SC01
Author(s):  
Douglas Vonz ◽  
Luis F. G. Menezes ◽  
Wagner Paris ◽  
Fernando Kuss ◽  
Magali F. Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Communication Performance ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Seed Mixture

Aim of study: To evaluate the performance of beef calves fed black oat and Italian ryegrass pasture seeded with several different seeding rates (SR) of common vetch in a crop-livestock integrated system.Area of study: The experiment was carried out in Dois Vizinhos city, Paraná, Brazil.Material and methods: An area of 8.3 ha was used, which was divided into 11 paddocks, 0.75 ha each. Nellore calves (n = 22), 7 ± 2 months old and with initial body weight of 134 ± 27 kg were used for the tests. The experimental design was completely randomised. Vetch (Vicia sativa L., ‘Amethyst’) SR treatments included 0, 15, 30, and 45 kg ha-1, in a mixture with black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb. ‘IPR 61’ and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pastures.Main results: There was no effect of SR on pasture productivity parameters. The increase in vetch seed in the seed mixture resulted in an increase in crude protein and neutral detergent fibre, but decreased in vitro digestibility of vetch. However, these changes did not affect the nutritional value of the pasture. Vetch SR of 30 kg ha-1 or higher allowed greater share of the legume in the pasture, thereby enhancing greater individual animal performanceResearch highlights: Vetch SR of 30 kg ha-1 or higher allowed greater share of the legume in the pasture, thereby enhancing greater individual animal performance.

scholarly journals Strategies to manage the evolution of glyphosate resistance in New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. Harrington ◽  
T.K. James ◽  
M.D. Parker ◽  
H. Ghanizadeh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Sustainable Farming

The first cases of weeds developing resistance to glyphosate within New Zealand have recently been reported and investigated Both perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) populations have become resistant to glyphosate in several Marlborough vineyards due to many years of weed control using mainly just glyphosate Glyphosate is currently being used in many situations throughout New Zealand that could easily lead to further resistance developing such as in other perennial fruit crops on roadsides railways amenity areas waste areas fence lines and headlands of crops Following wide consultation as part of a Sustainable Farming Fund project strategies for resistance management in three systems (vineyard and orchards amenity and waste areas and crops and pastures) are suggested Adoption of these strategies will allow glyphosate to continue as a useful herbicide in New Zealand

Use of water by six grass species. 1. Dry-matter yields and response to irrigation

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Garwood ◽  
K. C. Tyson ◽  
J. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
First Year ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Second Year

SUMMARYThe yield and quality of herbage produced by six grasses (perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot, timothy, rough-stalked meadow grass, tall fescue and Italian ryegrass) were examined both without irrigation and under two irrigation regimes. Water was applied according to the potential soil water deficit (potential SWD): the soil was either partially returned to field capacity (FC) after each cut or fully returned to FC whenever the potential SWD reached 25 mm. The swards were cut either at 3 (C3) or 6 (C6) week intervals over a 2 year period.Partial irrigation increased yields by 12–14% in the first year and by 36–58% in the second. Full irrigation produced little more growth than partial irrigation in the first year (maximum SWD, 188 mm) but increased yield by 78–93% in the second, very dry, year (maximum SWD, 311 mm). Under treatment C3 response per unit of water applied was similar with both partial and full irrigation, but under C6 the response was greater with partial (2·86 kg D.M./m3) than with full irrigation (1·79 kg D.M./m3).There were marked differences between the species in their ability to grow under drought conditions in the second year of the experiment. Without irrigation, roughstalked meadow grass and Italian ryegrass did not survive the drought. The performance of tall fescue was markedly superior to both perennial ryegrass and cocksfoot in these conditions. Of the surviving grasses timothy made least growth.

Cutting frequency and cutting height effects on forage quality of rough fescue and Parry oat grass

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Willms ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
First Year ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Rough Fescue

An experiment was conducted to determine the qualitative response of rough fescue (Festuca scabrella var. campestris) and Parry oat grass (Danthonia parryi) to five cutting frequencies and three cutting heights Beginning in mid-May, the same plants were cut every 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 wk. during a 16-wk period, at heights of either 5, 10, or 15 cm above ground level. The treatments were repeated in 3 consecutive years on the same plants. Crude protein (CP), lignin, and calcium (Ca) were significantly greater for Parry oat grass than for rough fescue, which had greater acid detergent fiber (ADF) and phosphorus (P) concentrations. Increasing cutting frequency in the first year reduced acid detergent-insoluble nitrogen (ADIN), ADF, and lignin but increased CP and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVD) in both forages. Repeated treatment over 3 yr tended lo increase ADF and Ca but reduce CP, P, and IVD. In the first year of treatment, CP yields in rough fescue and Parry oat grass were greatest with 2 or 4 cuts during the growing season. However, in the second year of treatment, CP yield was greatest with one or two cuts in rough fescue and with four cuts in Parry oat grass. The data confirm the benefits of repeated grazing within a year to maintain high quality forage but demonstrate the need to limit the frequency of repeated grazing to avoid deterioration and maximize nutrient yield. Nutrient yields and, presumably, benefits to livestock would be greater at a lower grazing frequency on rough fescue than on Parry oat grass. Key words: Festuca scabrella var. campestris, Danthonia parryi, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, in vitro digestibility, forage quality

Mixtures of Persian clover with Italian ryegrass or barley-Italian ryegrass for annual forage

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Thompson ◽  
Darryl G. Stout
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Persian Clover

In the interior of British Columbia, spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum var. italicum Beck.) are intercropped with fertilizer N as a 1-yr break before reseeding irrigated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L.) was seeded with barley and ryegrass or only ryegrass to determine its effect on seasonal yield and forage nutritive value. All species mixtures were grown with and without a total of 200 kg ha−1 of N to compare N2 fixation by Persian clover with N fertilizer. Averaged over 2 yr, adding Persian clover to barley-ryegrass provided a total yield that was 96% of that obtained by adding fertilizer N to barley-ryegrass. Second cut yield averaged 58% more with clover than with N. However, the grasses yielded more than the grasses with added clover in the third cut. Adding clover to ryegrass provided 94% of the total yield of adding N fertilizer. Persian clover was higher in crude protein and in vitro digestibility of dry matter than ryegrass, so adding clover tended to improve the nutritive value of mixtures. This was most obvious without N, where Persian clover accounted for more of the total forage produced. The study shows that Persian clover is a valuable addition to barley-ryegrass mixtures; it reduces fertilizer needs, improves mid-season yield and improves forage nutritive value. Key words: Persian clover, barley, Italian ryegrass, forage mixtures

scholarly journals Confirmation of glyphosate resistance in two species of ryegrass from New Zealand vineyards

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ghanizadeh ◽  
K.C. Harrington ◽  
T.K. James ◽  
D.J. Woolley
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Two Populations

Plants were obtained from two populations of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and three populations of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) from different vineyards in Marlborough and Nelson that were suspected of being resistant to glyphosate following many consecutive applications of this herbicide over recent years Each population was multiplied by splitting out tillers and this was also done for plants taken from a population of each species from Manawatu pastures where they had not been exposed to glyphosate application A doseresponse experiment showed that four populations taken from the vineyards were about 10 times as resistant to glyphosate as those plants that had not been previously exposed to the herbicide The experiment was repeated and showed one perennial ryegrass population to have a 30fold level of resistance These are the first confirmed cases of glyphosate resistance within New Zealand

scholarly journals Identification of Candidate Genes for Self-Compatibility in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Cropano ◽  
Chloé Manzanares ◽  
Steven Yates ◽  
Dario Copetti ◽  
Javier Do Canto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
And Function ◽  
Genomic Regions

Self-incompatibility (SI) is a genetic mechanism preventing self-pollination in ~40% of plant species. Two multiallelic loci, called S and Z, control the gametophytic SI system of the grass family (Poaceae), which contains all major forage grasses. Loci independent from S and Z have been reported to disrupt SI and lead to self-compatibility (SC). A locus causing SC in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was previously mapped on linkage group (LG) 5 in an F2 population segregating for SC. Using a subset of the same population (n = 68), we first performed low-resolution quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to exclude the presence of additional, previously undetected contributors to SC. The previously reported QTL on LG 5 explained 38.4% of the phenotypic variation, and no significant contribution from other genomic regions was found. This was verified by the presence of significantly distorted markers in the region overlapping with the QTL. Second, we fine mapped the QTL to 0.26 centimorgan (cM) using additional 2,056 plants and 23 novel sequence-based markers. Using Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) genome assembly as a reference, the markers flanking SC were estimated to span a ~3 Mb region encoding for 57 predicted genes. Among these, seven genes were proposed as relevant candidate genes based on their annotation and function described in previous studies. Our study is a step forward to identify SC genes in forage grasses and provides diagnostic markers for marker-assisted introgression of SC into elite germplasm.

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