scholarly journals A Review Article : Ethanol Fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae using Agricultural Waste

UNISTEK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Siti Maftukhah ◽  
Mutia Amyranti
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
High Sugar Concentration ◽  
Very High Gravity ◽  
Vhg Fermentation ◽  
High Ethanol

Bioethanol is one of the most promising and eco-friendly alternatives to fossil fuels, which is produced from renewable sources. Bioethanol can be produced from different kinds of raw materials. Conventional crops such as corn and sugarcane are unable to meet the global demand of bioethanol production due to their primary value of food and feed. Agricultural wastes are cost effective, renewable and abundant. To do this, very high gravity (VHG) fermentation which involves use of medium containing high sugar concentration(>250g/L) must be implemented to achieve high ethanol concentration. However, VHG fermentation leads to significant stress for Saccharomyces cerevisiae due to osmotic pressure at the beginning of the fermentation and high ethanol content at the end. At this review, rice straw is the most abundant waste compared to the other major wastes and potentially produce 205 billion liters bioethanol per year, which is the highest among these four mentioned agricultural wastes.

scholarly journals Extraction of Value-Added Minerals from Various Agricultural, Industrial and Domestic Wastes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6333
Author(s):  
Virendra Kumar Yadav ◽  
Krishna Kumar Yadav ◽  
Vineet Tirth ◽  
Govindhan Gnanamoorthy ◽  
Nitin Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
Coconut Shells

Environmental pollution is one of the major concerns throughout the world. The rise of industrialization has increased the generation of waste materials, causing environmental degradation and threat to the health of living beings. To overcome this problem and effectively handle waste materials, proper management skills are required. Waste as a whole is not only waste, but it also holds various valuable materials that can be used again. Such useful materials or elements need to be segregated and recovered using sustainable recovery methods. Agricultural waste, industrial waste, and household waste have the potential to generate different value-added products. More specifically, the industrial waste like fly ash, gypsum waste, and red mud can be used for the recovery of alumina, silica, and zeolites. While agricultural waste like rice husks, sugarcane bagasse, and coconut shells can be used for recovery of silica, calcium, and carbon materials. In addition, domestic waste like incense stick ash and eggshell waste that is rich in calcium can be used for the recovery of calcium-related products. In agricultural, industrial, and domestic sectors, several raw materials are used; therefore, it is of high economic interest to recover valuable minerals and to process them and convert them into merchandisable products. This will not only decrease environmental pollution, it will also provide an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach for materials synthesis. These value-added materials can be used for medicine, cosmetics, electronics, catalysis, and environmental cleanup.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Biofuels as a Substitute to Conventional Fuels in IC Engines for Mass Transport and Distributed Power Generation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayapati Subbarao ◽  
Saisarath Kruthiventi
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Distributed Power Generation ◽  
Technological Growth ◽  
Comparable Performance ◽  
To Come

Depletion of petroleum based fuels has been a lot of concern among the governments and researchers around the world. Usage of biofuels in place of the conventional fuels is showing rapid growth because of the favourable characteristics like better performance and time improved emission characteristics. Present paper discusses about different available biofuels and their effectiveness in replacing fossil fuels and also how they affect the technological growth. Different works are compared to bring out the actual scenario with respect to the performance, emission, availability, production and preparation methods. It is observed that much effort is made by the stake holders in order to see biofuels as a viable alternative and as a future fuel for internal combustion engines. Performance improves slightly with the usage of biofuels and reduced emission characteristics may be logical to observe. But it may not be appreciable, considering the series of production processes involved. It still requires lot of time to commercialize and produce biofuels in mass. Also, there have been constraints like the availability of raw materials for the same. It is concluded that biofuels do play significant role in the days to come provided there is much more effort from researchers to simplify the technology in making biofuel as sustainable and cost effective with at least comparable performance.  

scholarly journals Effectiveness of agricultural wastes in soil stabilization.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Deborah Dauda ◽  
Manju Dominic
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
The Cost

Many ways have been sought to improve soils, especially expansive soils which have been problematic to structures and pavements built over them and soil stabilization seems to be one of the effective ways. But soil stabilization in itself is not cost-effective hence the introduction of agricultural wastes being researched on and seen as a cheaper means to be used as stabilizing agents which helps in minimizing the cost of soil stabilization, thereby reducing the problem of waste disposal. Agricultural wastes like Rice Husk Ash, Bagasse Ash, Sugarcane Straw Ash, Saw Dust Ash, Coconut Husk Ash, Millet Husk Ash, Corn Cob Ash, Locust Bean Pod Ash, Cassava Peel Ash and Bamboo Leaf Ash have been experimented with in stabilizing soils and as well, serving as supplementary cementitious materials for cement in concrete production. The strengths of the soils and the concrete stabilized with these wastes were seen to improve significantly and their effectiveness was estimated based on an average optimum value. Agricultural waste processing Industries can be set up to help in the massive production of these natural stabilizers which would lessen the cost of soil stabilization using cement and chemicals and also generally reduce problems that are associated with waste disposal, helping in waste management.  Keywords—expansive soils, soil stabilization, agricultural wastes

scholarly journals Removal and Recovery of Phosphate from Water and Wastewater Using Metal-Loaded Agricultural Waste-Based Adsorbents: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megh Raj Pokhrel ◽  
Bhoj Raj Poudel ◽  
Ram Lochan Aryal ◽  
Hari Paudyal ◽  
Kedar Nath Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Phosphate Adsorption ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Phosphate Desorption

There is a growing research interest in the development of adsorbents based on agricultural wastes (AWs) for the removal of phosphate from waste water sources, which otherwise can cause eutrophication. Nevertheless, due to the lack of active exposed surface sites, raw AWs-based adsorbents are usually inefficient for the adsorption of phosphate from aquatic environment. Consequently, modification of raw adsorbents has been frequently used to improve their phosphate adsorption capacity. Of the various methods of modification, this review paper focused on most widely used chemical modification method. It presents a critical and comprehensive review of the literature on the effectiveness of metal-loaded agricultural wastes (MLAWs)-based adsorbents in removing and recovering of phosphate from waste waters. Mechanisms and factors affecting phosphate adsorption as well as phosphate desorption and regeneration from MLAW adsorbents are critically evaluates. If phosphate from waste waters can be of economical value, regeneration may partly overcome the future shortage of global phosphate rock reserves. It is evident from the literature survey presented herein that MLAWs-based adsorbents exhibited as potential adsorbent for the removal/recovery of phosphate from waste waters. However, there still needs a refined practical utility of these adsorbents on a commercial scale, which may serve as the novel, cost effective and environmentally benign methods of modification.

scholarly journals Agricultural Waste Residues as Potential Sources of Bioethanol

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Prasad Pokhrel ◽  
Ram Kailash Prasad Yadav ◽  
Shoji Ohga
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Agricultural Residue ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Grain Starch ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
Alternative Feedstock ◽  
Near Future

The most common renewable fuel today is ethanol derived from corn grain (starch) and sugar cane (sucrose). It is expected that there will be limits to the supply of these raw materials in the near future as well as these are directly associated with food security. Therefore, lignocellulosic biomass is seen as an attractive alternative feedstock for the future supplies of bioethanol. Technologies are being developed that will allow cost-effective conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals. About 491 GL of bioethanol might be produced from the wasted crops and their associated lignocellulosic raw materials, about 16 times higher than the current world ethanol production (31 GL). Key words: Bioethanol; Lignocellulosic material; Biofuel; Agricultural residue. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v6i6.2628 Scientific World, Vol. 6, No. 6, July 2008 19-23

Study of Utilization of Agricultural Waste as Environmental Issue in Romania

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Ungureanu ◽  
Gabriela Ignat ◽  
Catalin Razvan Vintu ◽  
Constantin Daniel Diaconu ◽  
Ioan Gabriel Sandu
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Common Solution ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Crop Waste ◽  
Agriculture Wastes

Agriculture and animal husbandry produce significant quantity of solid or liquid residues and waste products. Unfortunately, some of these wastes are not dealt with properly and are causing considerable damage to the environment. Agricultural wastes (AW) in Romania amount range from 7600 thousand tons a year of which only 1400 thousand tons as animal feed and 1100 thousand tons as organic manure are being utilized. These crop waste results after harvesting in the farm of leaves stem which are characterized as coarse plant by-products and big size, chemically low in protein and fat contents, or, like other country (example: Netherlands) avoid waste as much as possible, recover the valuable raw materials from any waste that is created, try to generate energy by incinerating the residual waste, and only then dump what is left. The focus of the research paper is to investigate the importance of agriculture wastes that becomes very obvious and aggregated after the harvest crops. The most common solution is the utilizations of agricultural waste for compositing, as animal fodder, most often as a source of energy, food production, by growing mushroom on agricultural wastes such as oat straw as a substrate. This means the conversion of wastes to economic, nutritional human food. Growing vegetables on oat straw compacted bales in areas where soil disease and salinity are constrains. The implementation of most of the solutions to agricultural waste management does not meet the basic elements of sustainability like environmental protection and social progression, technical and technological improvement as well as economic improvements.

Green Chemistry for the Production of Biodegradable Polymers as Solid Substrate and the Formation of Sustainable Biofilm

2012 ◽  
Vol 517 ◽  
pp. 755-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Tiwari ◽  
Alejandro Manzano Ramirez ◽  
Roopesh Jain ◽  
Anushri Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Solid Substrate ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Waste Accumulation

Conventional plastics derived from the fossil fuels pose a threat to the global environment due to their non-degradable nature. Problems associated with global warming and solid waste management has generated interest in the development of novel plastics. Theses while retaining the desired properties of conventional synthetic plastics must also are degradable. Among the various biodegradable plastic available, there is growing interest in the group of polymers known as polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA).The present investigation is based on (i) Biodegradation of Bioplastic with biological approaches (ii) Production of cost effective Bioplastic. Cost of bioplastics serves as a hindrance to the development of bioplastics for food and drink packaging as the plastic is produced by harvesting the natural resources thus there is utilization of the agricultural waste and also reduces the overall cost of the product. As in the case of petroleum based plastic production, there is the need of huge sum of energy which consumes the non renewable sources which is getting depleted. Thus, we can conclude that having a cost effective bioplastic in our near future. This plastic will be replacing the commercially available plastic very soon. The bioplastic produced is also degradable. It thus reduces the waste accumulation on the areas surrounding us. It is also suggested that on degradation it does not produces any toxic to the environment and no harmful gas is emitted thus no greenhouse gas and no global warming. This would be an environment friendly product.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the late stage of very high gravity (VHG) fermentation

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (40) ◽  
pp. 9641-9648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Qing ◽  
Zhao Hai ◽  
Zhang Guohua ◽  
He Kaize ◽  
Yang Zhirong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
High Gravity ◽  
Very High Gravity ◽  
Vhg Fermentation ◽  
Very High
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