scholarly journals Galectin-3 Possesses Anti-Necroptotic and Anti-Apoptotic Effects in Cisplatin-Induced Acute Tubular Necrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-363
Keyword(s):  
Acute Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Wild Mice ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Galectin 3

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a public health burden with increasing morbidity, mortality and health care cost. It is associated with increased risk for the development of chronic kidney disease and death. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is the most common cause of AKI. Apoptosis and tissue necrosis play an important role in ATN. Galectin 3 (GAL-3), a beta galactoside binding lectin, is known to have a role in inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress but its role in cisplatin induced acute tubular necrosis is not clearly elucidated. METHODS: Male C57B6-J and C57BL-6 -GAL-3 knock-out mice were used to induce ATN using cisplatin mouse model of acute tubular necrosis. GAL-3 expression, apoptotic, necrotic and necroptotic proteins in kidneys were measured using standard histologic, immunohistochemical, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. Data were presented as mean ± S.E. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) was calculated between experimental groups and corresponding control groups by one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in GAL-3 in kidneys of cisplatin treated GAL-3 wild mice when compared with its control mice. In addition, there were significant higher percentage of ATN, higher levels of plasma urea and creatinine, and higher levels of cathepsin B and cathepsin D, in kidneys of cisplatin-treated GAL-3 KO mice than cisplatin-treated GAL-3 wild mice. Likewise, there were significant higher levels of necroptosis proteins RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL in kidneys of cisplatin-treated GAL-3 KO mice than cisplatin-treated GAL-3 wild mice. Moreover, there were significant higher levels of kidney pro-apoptotic proteins; cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, TRAIL and FAS in cisplatin treated GAL-3 KO mice when compared with cisplatin treated GAL-3 wild mice. CONCLUSION: GAL-3 can affect cell survival and death through its interaction with necroptotic, apoptotic and pro-survival proteins in renal tubules during cisplatin-induced acute tubular necrosis.

scholarly journals Community Acquired Acute Kidney Injury from Edible Agents: Report from a Developing Country, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabassum Samad ◽  
Wasim M. Mohosin ul Haque ◽  
Muhammad A. Rahim ◽  
Sarwar Iqbal ◽  
Palash Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Acute Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Star Fruit

Toxin is a common cause of community acquired acute kidney injury (AKI) which includes environmental toxins like plant toxins as well as various drugs and chemicals which are usually ingested for medicinal as well as recreational purposes.Averrhoa carambola(Star fruit/ Kamranga) andAvorrhoa bilimbiare two such commonly used traditional remedies. They belong to familyOxalidaecaeand contain high-levels of oxalic acid. AKI may occur after consuming concentrated juice due to deposition of oxalate crystals in the renal tubules.Here we present two patients who developed AKI after ingestion of freshly made juice from A. bilimbi and star fruit. Both patients were diabetic and the juice was ingested on empty stomach with the belief of improving glycemic status. Initial presentation was GI upset in both scenarios. Patient with A. bilimbi toxicity had diabetic nephropathy and required hemodialysis. Renal biopsy revealed deposition of polarizable oxalate crystals in the patient who consumed A. bilimbi and acute tubular necrosis in the patient with star fruit toxicity. All cases regained normal renal function within three months.We also present a patient who ingested raw fish gallbladder as a remedy for asthma. The patient presented with AKI within five days of ingestion and required hemodialysis. His highest serum creatinine was 10.4mg/dl and fell to 1.7 mg/dl after four weeks. Cyprinol and related compounds in fish gallbladder are thought to be the cause of acute tubular necrosis in such cases.The fourth patient developed AKI with rhabdomyolysis after consuming a locally made energy drink. He also required dialysis and serum creatinine gradually improved from 7.2mg/dl to 1.4mg/dl at discharge. The possibility of toxicity of caffeine, adulteration with other chemicals or ascorbic acid toxicity causing oxalate nephropathy could not be excluded.All four patients developed AKI caused after ingesting easily available products and are presented here for public awareness. We believe proper knowledge and education can reduce toxin induced AKI in our society.

Uromodulin levels are decreased in urine during acute tubular necrosis but not during immune rejection after renal transplantation

1993 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jeremy McLaughlin ◽  
Atsushi Alkawa ◽  
Helen M. Davies ◽  
Richard G. Ward ◽  
Ali Bakran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Tumour Necrosis Factor ◽  
Acute Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Tumour Necrosis ◽  
Graft Function ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Immune Rejection ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Necrosis Factor

1. Uromodulin, an immunosuppressive glycoprotein found in urine, is a high-affinity binding ligand for certain cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor. 2. Its occurrence in urine was monitored after renal transplantation to investigate whether this simple urine test might differentiate common early causes of graft failure: acute immune rejection and acute tubular necrosis. 3. Diluted urine was assayed for uromodulin using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. When graft function failed due to acute tubular necrosis, urinary uromodulin levels were significantly depressed compared with levels in urine produced during biopsy-proven acute immune rejection episodes (P < 0.01) or during periods of stable graft function (P < 0.02). This suggests that urinary levels of uromodulin may reflect tubular damage rather than other causes of graft functional failure. 4. The cytokine tumour necrosis factor, which binds with high affinity to uromodulin, was found in 30% of urine samples in association with immune rejection episodes, but not during acute tubular necrosis. However, the presence of urinary tumour necrosis factor was not related to levels of uromodulin in the same sample.

Identification of Factors Associated With Acute Tubular Necrosis Following Kidney Transplant in Northern Mexico: Increased Risk With Cold Ischemia After 8 Hours

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1110-1117
Author(s):  
Joel Monárrez-Espino ◽  
Irving Ramírez-Santana ◽  
Guadalupe Aguilar-Madrid ◽  
Gastón Ramírez-García
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Acute Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Cold Ischemia ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Etiology, clinical characteristics and coinfection status of bronchiolitis in Suzhou

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahong Tan ◽  
Jinfeng Wu ◽  
Wujun Jiang ◽  
Li Huang ◽  
Wei Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Mixed Virus Infection

Abstract Background Bronchiolitis is a clinical syndrome commonly encountered in practice, particularly among infants and young children. To investigate the prevalence of pathogens in hospitalized children with bronchiolitis and study the clinical characteristics of bronchiolitis with or without coinfections. Methods We investigated the respiratory specimens and clinical data of 1012 children with bronchiolitis who were treated at the Children’s Hospital of Soochow University between November 2011 and December 2018. The nasopharyngeal aspirates were examined to detect viruses by direct immunofluorescence assay or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) was tested by PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Of the 1134 children less than 2 years with bronchiolitis, 122 were excluded by exclusion criteria. Causative pathogen was detected in 83.2% (842 of 1012). The majority of these (614 [72.9%] of 842) were single virus infection. The most common pathogens detected were respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (44.4%), MP (15.6%), and human rhinovirus (HRV) (14.4%). Coinfection was identified in 13.5% (137 of 1012) of the patients. Coinfection included mixed virus infection and virus infection with MP infection. Children with single virus infection had a higher rate of oxygen therapy compared with single MP infection. Conclusions The most common pathogen detected in children with bronchiolitis is RSV, followed by MP and HRV. Coinfection leads to a longer period of illness, increased severity of the symptoms and increased risk of hypoxemia.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging with hyperpolarized [1,4-13C2]fumarate allows detection of early renal acute tubular necrosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (33) ◽  
pp. 13374-13379 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Clatworthy ◽  
M. I. Kettunen ◽  
D.-E. Hu ◽  
R. J. Mathews ◽  
T. H. Witney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Acute Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Tubular Necrosis

scholarly journals Impact of Parthanatos on the Increased Risk of Onset and Mortality in Male Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 155798832110294
Author(s):  
Zhen-Chun Lv ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Lan Wang ◽  
Qin-Hua Zhao ◽  
Gong-Su Gang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Parp 1

There have been no studies as to whether parthanatos, a poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1)-dependent and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)-mediated caspase-independent programmed cell death, is present in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Basic studies have, however, been conducted on several of the key molecules in parthanatos, such as PARP-1, AIF, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). For this study, we collected blood samples from 88 incident male patients with PH and 50 healthy controls at the Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital. We measured the key factors of parthanatos (PARP-1, PAR, AIF, and MIF) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and performed a logistic regression, Cox proportional hazards analysis, and Kaplan–Meier test to assess the prognostic value of the key molecules in diagnosing and predicting survival. The patients who ultimately died had a significantly poorer clinical status during the study than those who survived. The PARP-1, PAR, AIF, and MIF levels were significantly higher in the patients than in the controls (all p < .0001), and the PARP-1, PAR, and AIF levels were higher in the nonsurvivors than in the survivors (all p < .0001). PARP-1 and AIF levels served as independent predictors of disease onset and mortality in these patients (all p < .005). Patients with PARP-1 levels <11.24 ng/mL or AIF levels <1.459 pg/mL had significantly better survival than those with higher PARP-1 or AIF levels ( p < .0001). Circulating levels of PARP-1 and AIF were independent predictors for PH onset and mortality, which indicated that parthanatos might be associated with the pathogenesis of PH.

Galectin-3 predicts cardiovascular events in patients with type-2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lorenzo-Almoros ◽  
A Pello ◽  
A Acena ◽  
J Martinez-Milla ◽  
N Tarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Secondary Outcomes

Abstract Introduction Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with early and severe atherosclerosis. However, few biomarkers can predict cardiovascular events in this population. Methods We followed 964 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), assessing at baseline galectin-3, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) plasma levels. Secondary outcomes were acute ischemia and heart failure or death. Primary outcome was the combination of the secondary outcomes. Results Male patients were 75.0% in T2DM and 76.6% in the non-T2DM subgroup (p=0.609). Age was 61.0 (54–72) and 60.0 (51–71) years, respectively (p=0.092). 232 patients had T2DM. Patients with T2DM showed higher MCP-1 [144 (113–195) vs. 133 (105–173) pg/ml, p=0.006] and galectin-3 [8.3 (6.5–10.5) vs. 7.8 (5.9–9.8) ng/ml, p=0.049] levels. Median follow-up was 5.39 years (2.81- 6.92). Galectin-3 levels were associated with increased risk of the primary outcome in T2DM patients [HR 1.57 (1.07–2.30); p=0.022], along with a history of cerebrovascular events. Treatment with clopidogrel was associated with lower risk. In contrast, NT-proBNP and MCP-1, but not galectin-3, were related to increased risk of the event in non-diabetic patients [HR 1.21 (1.04–1.42); p=0.017 and HR 1.23 (1.05–1.44); p=0.012, respectively], along with male sex and age. Galectin-3 was also the only biomarker that predicted the development of acute ischemic events and heart failure or death in T2DM patients, while in non-diabetics MCP-1 and NT-proBNP, respectively, predicted these events. Conclusion In CAD patients, cardiovascular events are predicted by galectin-3 plasma levels in patients with T2DM, and by MCP-1 and NT-proBNP in those without T2DM. Effect of Gal-3 on the primary endpoint Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Insituto de Salud Carlos III

scholarly journals Low levels of soluble TWEAK, indicating on-going inflammation, were associated with depression in type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva O. Melin ◽  
Jonatan Dereke ◽  
Magnus Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract Background Low levels of the soluble tumour necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK) and depression are linked to cardiovascular disease. Galectin-3, inadequate glycemic control and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels were previously linked to depression in these patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The main aim was to explore whether sTWEAK was associated with depression. A secondary aim was to explore diabetes related variables associated with low sTWEAK. Methods Cross-sectional design. T1DM patients (n = 283, men 56%, age18–59 years) were consecutively recruited from one specialist diabetes clinic. Depression was defined as Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression sub scale ≥8 points. Blood samples, anthropometrics and blood pressure were collected, supplemented with data from electronic health records. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure sTWEAK and galectin-3. Low sTWEAK was defined as < 7.2 ng/ml and high galectin-3 as ≥2.6 ng/ml. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed, calibrated and validated for goodness of fit. We adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration, galectin-3, metabolic variables, serum-creatinine, smoking, physical inactivity, medication, and cardiovascular complications. Results For 29 depressed versus 254 non-depressed patients the prevalence rates were for low sTWEAK: 93 and 68% (p = 0.003) and for high galectin-3: 34 and 13% (p = 0.005) respectively. HDL-cholesterol levels were lower for the depressed (p = 0.015). Patients with low sTWEAK versus high sTWEAK had lower usage of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) (6% versus 17%, p = 0.005). Low sTWEAK (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 9.0, p = 0.006), high galectin-3 (AOR 6.3, p = 0.001), HDL-cholesterol (per mmol/l) (AOR 0.1, p = 0.006), use of antidepressants (AOR 8.4, p < 0.001), and age (per year) (AOR 1.05, p = 0.027) were associated with depression. CSII (AOR 0.3, p = 0.003) and depression (AOR 7.1, p = 0.009) were associated with low sTWEAK. Conclusions Lower levels of sTWEAK and HDL-cholesterol and higher levels of galectin-3 were independently associated with depression in T1DM. These factors might all contribute to the increased risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality previously demonstrated in patients with depression. CSII (inversely) and depression were independently associated with low sTWEAK levels.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document