scholarly journals Ivan Franko’s Sketch of Drama “To Brazil”: from History of Unfinished ‘Emigrational’ Text

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Hnatiuk ◽  
Olha Shostak
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
General Context ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Country ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Work Abroad

The paper provides an analysis of I. Franko’s unfinished drama “To Brazil” that deals with the first wave of the Ukrainians’ emigration, especially events of Brazilian Rush in 1895–1897. Since the literary text is based on important historical process, the authors characterize the special features of emigration from East Halychyna to the South American country at the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The research explores I. Franko’s participation in emigration movement and outlines the background of the author’s interest in creating literary work on the theme of emigration. Franko’s sketch of emigrational drama is not lengthy. It contains the list of characters, the author’s stage instruction describing the place of the first action (tavern), the first scene, and the beginning of the second. However based on the first fragment the features of conflict between two contrary characters’ groups are already noticeable. These groups are presented by peasants as eventual emigrants and their antagonist agent Podorozhnyi who acts in cooperation with a subagent Jew renter Moshko. It looks like in the play “To Brazil” the writer intended to highlight only key issues of the problem, in particular the emigrational agitation. Franko’s unfinished drama about the emigration contributed to appearance of the poetic cycle “To Brazil” (1896–1898) where its traditional topoi became somewhat transformed (the characters of peasants-emigrants, the agent, the Jewish subagent, archduke Rudolf, and motive of cheating). The mentioned cycle has an evident theatrical tone due to the dominance of role characters in lyrics. However, in the authors’ opinion, the drama, if it had been finished, could have offered more significant psychological analysis and enriched the presentation of Brazilian discourse in I. Franko’s literary works about emigration. I. Franko’s unfinished drama is interpreted not only within the author’s ‘emigrational’ text but also in the general context of the Ukrainian literature at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries dealing with emigration in Brazilian direction (L. Lopatynskyi’s dramas “Mother-in-law” (1899) and “To Brazil”; A. Chaikovskyi’s story “Brazilian Welfare” (1896); T. Borduliak’s short story “Ivan the Brazilian” (1899); D. Markovych’s short story “Brazilians” (1896), etc.). The mentioned works have their basis in traditional narrative with its fixed images (agent, emigrant, homeland, outland) and motives (departure agitation, travel obstacles, hard work abroad, comeback).

Escalations : stories

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stephen Haynie
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Missing Persons ◽  
Potential Break ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Sliding Scale ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The University

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] The stories in "Escalations" cover a range of formal and dramatic content and operate on a sliding scale with regards to realism and surrealism: a woman waits in the darkness of her home for her husband, gun in hand, to investigate a potential break-in; a distracted husband realizes he has mistakenly returned from the grocery store with a woman who is not his wife; a small town's peacetime celebration leads to a disastrous dove infestation. Other stories foreground the manner of their telling: a surveillance team is contracted to follow a mysterious woman, only to find their desire for explanation and discovery delayed and thwarted; a middle-aged man's heroic rescue of a drowning child is ignored by the pool-side audience's criticism of his technique. Regardless the material or the narrative approach to the material, each story explores the conflicts that arise as characters navigate the tumultuous co-existence of both a private and public life. My critical introduction, "Missing Persons: Character Reduction and Recalcitrance in the Short Story," argues that a study of the concept of character in the short story distinguishes key issues of narrative ideology and craft that must be considered if one is to accept the short story on its own terms. Borrowing Austin M. Wright's term for how a work's material resists the shaping influence of its form, and extending his scope beyond issues of structure and closure, I propose that the short story demonstrates significant recalcitrance when it comes to the "visibility" of character. In the same way that a literary work becomes trivial when its form is entirely perceived, so do characters lose their vitality and mystery when they are completely understood. My critical introduction will examine the ways in which the short story limits, delays, and obscures the exposure of its characters as a method of productive resistance. It will ultimately argue that when character “visibility” and exposure is reduced or diminished, the character is more defined by the situation in which they are read than by our knowledge and understanding of them as individuals.

Preventive Diplomacy Work in the Organization of American States (OAS): The 2006 Elections in Guyana

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-447
Author(s):  
Taryn Lesser
Keyword(s):  
Democracy Promotion ◽  
South American ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
Organization Of American States ◽  
South American Country ◽  
American States ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Election Monitoring ◽  
History Of

Abstract The South American country of Guyana has a history of turmoil and violence around its presidential elections. The 2006 elections, however, were cited as largely free of violence and post-election unrest. While the peaceful outcome may be attributed to a number of factors, the involvement of the Organization of American States in setting up an electoral observation mission and in engaging in preventive diplomacy played a constructive role in the process, in addition to other ongoing initiatives. This article examines the OAS’ use of its mandate for the preservation of democracy as an entry point for conflict prevention. In particular, it analyzes the role of election monitoring and the facilitation of dialogue as a form of preventive diplomacy. The article argues that the Guyana case provides an example of the OAS using its democracy promotion mandate to prevent conflict, specifically election-related violence. It also highlights some of the critiques of OAS work in the area of democracy promotion and election monitoring, noting that the organization has engaged in these activities only in selective cases that meet specific criteria.

scholarly journals Short Story: A Vehicle for Reflection of Socio-Economic Concerns of the Nation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
K Hanumatha Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
Social Reformer ◽  
Rabindranath Tagore ◽  
Raja Rao ◽  
History Of ◽  
Story Writing

The history of the short story is as old as human civilization. The parable, fable and folk tale are its different forms and all of them, share their origin and pattern with poetry. After the maturity of the novel as a genuine genre, the descendent craft of the short story writing sprang up from a variety of soil late in the nintenth century, previously, the short story was assigned an inferior statues, mostly recognized as a little piece of literature that an author/writer tossed of between major productions. At present, the prolific writers in this field have considered the modern short story as a complex form, making in depth but lacks in length.With the advent of literary art, the yearning for tales has acquired new dimensions. The range and scope of the stories has become extensive, wide and universal. Now the writer of short stories endeavours to explore various manifestations of life which primarily include inter-personal relationship,man’s association with nature,the learning experiences of life and other social issues. The human relationship continues to be the nucleus of any literary work. In a country like India,anyone, who wishes to be a writer,has to shoulder moral responsibility. The author through his work provides an outlet to his innermost unexpressed feelings and frees his mind from these emotions. Sometimes he brings to the notice of his readers his observations of social and cultural setup,thus performing the role of a social reformer. As a genuine artist the author needs to shoulder the responsibility to interpret life in all its shades and colours for the common man. The prominent Indian practitioner’s off short story as a literary form included K S Venkataramani, K Nagarajan, Raja Rao, Rabindranath Tagore, Mulk Raj Anand, Ruskin Bond, R K Narayan, etc.

scholarly journals Lexical-Syntactical Oppositivity as a Tool of Expressing Evaluation in a Literary Text (on the basis of a short story “The Butterfly and the Tank” by E. Hemingway)

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Ю.И. Фролова ◽  
Л.Н. Лунькова
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Assessment And Evaluation ◽  
Frequency Of Use

В статье рассматривается взаимообусловленность категорий оценки и оценочности в рамках функционально-семантического анализа художественного текста на материале рассказа Э. Хемингуэя “The Butterfly and the Tank” («Мотылёк и танк»). Феномен оценки исследуется в контексте противительных средств его реализации. Особое внимание уделяется выявлению потенциала оценочности различных противительных единиц лексико-синтаксического уровня, а также роли оценочных конструкций в манифестации авторского замысла. В результате исследования установлено, что противительный союз but, включающий в себя гипотетическую оценку, наряду с противительным союзом and, усиливают оценочность в сочетании с такими элементами лексической противительности, как прямые и контекстуальные антонимы, конструкции-интенсификаторы, средства художественной выразительности (эпитеты, метафоры и т. д.). Выявлено, что противопоставления с союзом and характеризуются меньшей частотностью употребления в сравнении с конструкциями, маркированными союзом but. Причиной этого является очевидное доминирование в этом союзе присоединительной семантики над противительной. Кроме того, выявлено, что противопоставления с различными противительными союзами, дополненные элементами лексической противительности, выражают оценочность в тех случаях, когда этого требует идейное содержание текста. Они интенсифицируют художественную выразительность произведения, подчеркивая основные смыслообразующие оппозиции на уровне образов-символов. The article discusses the interconditionality of the assessment and evaluation categories within the framework of functional-semantic analysis of a literary text. The assessment phenomenon is examined in the context of oppositive means of its realization. Particular attention is given to the detection of evaluation potential of various oppositive units on the lexico-syntactical level as well as to the role of evaluation constructions in the author’s message manifestation. The study establishes that the adversative conjunction but, including hypothetical assessment, along with the adversative conjunction and increase evaluation, together with such elements of lexical oppositivity as direct and contextual antonyms, intensifying constructions, expressive means (epithets, metaphors etc.). It is revealed that oppositions with the conjunction and are characterized by a lower frequency of use compared to constructions, marked with the conjunction but. This is explained by the obvious domination of conjunctive semantics over the oppositive one in the semantic tissue of the conjunction. The study also establishes that oppositions with various adversative conjunctions, supplemented with elements of lexical oppositivity, express evaluation in those cases, when the artistic idea requires it. They intensify the artistic expressiveness of a literary work, emphasizing the main meaningful oppositions on the level of symbolicimages. The paper examines the short story “The Butterfly and the Tank” by E. Hemingway.

Adaptation and Fidelity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Adaptation Studies ◽  
Aesthetic Object ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

Chapter 5 is an introduction to one of the most contentious concepts in adaptation studies: fidelity, or the idea that a given aesthetic object—traditionally, in adaptation studies, a film—reflects a faithful understanding of its source—traditionally, a literary text, especially a novel, play, or short story. Beginning by acknowledging the vexed history of the term for adaptation studies, especially in its recurring rejection, the essay investigates some representative moments in that history before turning to places where the use of fidelity to investigate adaptations—or what would come to be known as fidelity studies—might have found support. As it continues, the essay challenges the commonly held assumption that journalism is to blame for the recurring fascination with fidelity, and ends by suggesting three possible directions for fidelity in the future of adaptation studies in the years ahead.

scholarly journals Analisis Cerpen Godlob Karya Danarto Dengan Pendekatan Semiotik dalam Perspektif Kristen [A Semiotic Analysis from a Christian Perspective of Godlob, a Short Story by Danarto]

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Abednego Tri Gumono
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Christian Doctrine ◽  
Literacy Teaching ◽  
Christian Perspective ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
History Of

<p>Language in a literary work facilitates authors conveying motives in their works. Through language, the authors send messages to the readers. Therefore, a literary discourse analysis with limitless meanings could reveal the author’s motives. This analysis used a semiotic approach which focuses on literacy analysis through language as a symbol. A short story called <em>Godlob</em> by Danarto has a dimension of a communal language that is immediately digestible. But it does not mean that the author’s motives can be easily grasped by the readers. This might happen because the implicit purposes lie within the uncommon language used in this short story. With that, the story contains a logical path that needs to be analyzed which prioritizes language as a symbol with certain meanings. Based on a semiotics approach, <em>Goldlob</em> addresses critical issues relating to a Christian faith -- how Jesus was killed and nailed on the cross was God’s way to cleanse the sin of man. This issue is a way to explain and share the history of Jesus’ death to save the world and becomes the truth and a Christian doctrine. A Christian literacy teaching sustains a Christian faith. </p><p>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK: Bahasa dalam karya sastra merupakan sarana pengarang untuk menyampaikan motif dalam karya-karyanya. Melalui bahasa, pengarang menyampaikan pesan yang ingin disampaikan kepada pembaca. Dengan itu, pengkajian sastra sebagai tanda (sign) yang memiliki kekayaan makna tersebut menjadi penting dilakukan untuk menyingkap maksud pengarang. Analisis ini menggunakan pendekatan semiotika yaitu pendekatan yang memfokuskan analisis sastra melalui bahasa sebagai tanda. Cerita pendek berjudul  Godlob karya Danarto memiliki dimensi bahasa komunal yang dapat dicerna sesekemudian mungkin. Namun bukan berarti bahwa maksud pengarang juga sedemikian cepat ditangkap oleh pembaca. Hal itu dimungkinkan karena cerita ini memiliki maksud yang tersirat dengan penggunaan bahasa tak lazim seperti yang tertuang dalam judul cerita pendek ini. Dengan itu, jalinan kisah cerita ini juga mengandung logika yang harus dikaji secara semiotika dengan mengutamakan bahasa sebagai tanda yang memiliki maksud-maksud tertentu. Berdasarkan pendekatan semiotika isi cerpen Godlob mengarahkan kepada pertanyaan kritis pokok iman Kristen yaitu apakah Yesus yang dibunuh dan  disalibkan adalah cara Tuhan menebus dosa manusia. Pertanyaan ini menjadi sarana untuk menjelaskan dan mewartakan sebuah sejarah kematian Yesus untuk menyelamatkan dosa manusia yang telah menjadi kebenaran dan dogma Kristen. Pengajaran sastra secara Kristen dapat memperkokoh iman kristiani.</p>

Psychodynamic Psychiatry in Argentina at a Crossroads

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Graciela B. Onofrio ◽  
Nicolás Kitroser
Keyword(s):  
Practice Patterns ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Country ◽  
History Of Psychoanalysis ◽  
Political Influences ◽  
History Of

The authors provide an overview of the history of psychoanalysis and psychodynamic psychiatry in Argentina. They describe the evolving practice patterns of psychodynamic psychiatrists in this vibrant South American country, highlighting socio-political influences and challenges.

scholarly journals “THE PARTY’S COMMANDS OR THE HEART’S DESIRE…”: SEVERAL PAGES FROM THE HISTORY OF THE SVERDLOVSK BRANCH OF THE UNION OF SOVIET WRITERS (1946)

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Yulia A. Rusina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Creative Processes ◽  
Soviet Culture ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Catastrophe ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the traces of external influences on the works of Soviet (including Ural) writers in the first post-war year, which marked the end of the so-called first thaw period (1943–1946), a brief spiritual upsurge in the society recovering from the global catastrophe. In this article, the term external influence refers to the ideological pressure coming from the literary critics, colleagues, and other similar phenomena of Soviet culture expressed in ideological discourse. Addressing historical materials that preserved such evidence makes it possible to see the goals of the authorities aiming to control creative processes and, to a certain extent, intellectual and moral level of the authorities themselves as well. The protocols of general and party meetings of the Sverdlovsk branch of the Union of Soviet Writers for 1946 used in this study can be attributed to this kind of documentary sources. Theoretically, the analysis builds on E. A. Dobrenko’s ideas about “formation of the Soviet writer” and on the concept of “ideal type of social realism writer” proposed by T. A. Kruglova, as well as on the understanding of socialist realism as a method of structuring a literary work within the framework of socialist ideology. It was impossible to ignore the impact that the resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party on the journals “Zvezda” and “Leningrad” (August 14, 1946) had made on the Soviet writers. It provoked numerous discussions on “insufficiently high ideological level” of fiction in the regional branches of the Union of Soviet Writers, and restricted the course of national literature that impeded its development for years. Much attention is paid to the discussion of the unpublished short story “Meeting” (1946) by the Ural writer Nina Popova that took place in the Sverdlovsk regional organization of the Union of Soviet Writers and at the Moscow regional seminar of prose writers, as well as to the analysis of the text of the story.

scholarly journals Life and Death Ethoses in the Short Story The Mystery of Foreseen Death by Aleksandr Grin: Imaginative Apophatic Reality

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
M. A. Dudareva ◽  
N. Z. Koltsova
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Rudolf Steiner ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Hermeneutic Approach ◽  
Death Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
Russian Intelligentsia ◽  
Ontological Dimension ◽  
Insight Into

The paper is dedicated to the issue of the apophatic component of artistic culture associated with Thanatos that is developed in the literature oeuvre of Aleksandr Grin. Setting Grin’s short story The Mystery of Foreseen Death as the research object, this texts seeks to provide insight into the image of death and the examination of its spiritual and material manifestations that reflected the logocentric approach that was then popular among the Russian thinkers. To pursue this aim, the methodology of this study should allow identifying the ontological perspective of Grin’s story. Thus, the methodological foundations embrace the onto-hermeneutic approach to the analysis of literary work. In revealing the ontological dimension of the story much attention is paid to the ethos of life and death, the protagonist’s artistic imaginative experience of reality. In the story under study death is ambivalent: it is bodily, anthropological, as indicated by the repetitive image of neck on the execution block. At the same time, it is apophatic, as indicated by the darkened end of the story, the bewilderment of skeptical scientists that arose because of the main event of the story, namely the protagonist’s execution. In this regard, it appears to be effective to consider the anthroposophical thought of Rudolf Steiner that was absorbed by a large part of Russian intelligentsia at the beginning of the 20th century. This doctrine stresses the reflections on a person’s experience of death in reality. The imaginative aspect of anthroposophism was developed by Grin’s close friend, a neighbor in Crimean Cimmeria, Maximilian Voloshin, a disciple of the teachings of Steiner. The conclusions that can be drawn from the study are as follows: Grin’s story presents a detailed imaginative death experience, which makes it possible to raise the issue of it being part of the broader anthroposophical teaching. The Mystery of Foreseen Death indirectly expresses the Steinerian ideas and at the same time it fits into the framework of the Russian apophatic artistic tradition. The article also raises the issue of the apophatic component of Russian artistic culture, the thanatological experience of which can help in overcoming crisis situations nowadays. The findings of the research, in this way, can have an effect on better understanding in several fields: in literature studies (philology), in the history of Russian literature, in cultural studies and in philosophy.

scholarly journals U-3 Stylistic Approach of Urdu Short stories(Historical Background and Possibilities)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Kashif Irfan
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Fiction Writing ◽  
Fiction Writers ◽  
Back Ground ◽  
History Of ◽  
Story Writing ◽  
Time Periods

This article is about urdu fiction writing. The article covers the histological and philosophical back ground of different styles in urdu short. Story writing. It also covers different time periods of popular styles and narrates this writing styles of pioneers of some popular styles. It's also shows the literary work of some popular urdu fiction writers. The article is a brief history of short story and it also tells about future stylistic approaches in the field of urdu short stories. This article narrates significant work of prominent short stories writers and shows the different styles of short stories writers in specified way. Romanticism, realism and symbolism are the major parts of short stories writing. this article cover all this aspects.

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