Scientific-Practical Aspects of the Organic Tomato Production in Azerbaijan

Over the past 50–60 years, the proportion of vegetable crops in the diet of people has increased, and an increase in demand has led to an increase in production. Thus, China accounts for 31% of the 170 million tons of tomatoes produced in the world, 11.2% in India, 8.8% in the USA and 6.9% in Turkey. In Azerbaijan, this figure is 465 thousand tons. The widespread use and use of fertilizers and other pesticides in vegetable production poses a serious threat to human health and the environment. Research shows that the quality indicators of vegetable products often do not meet international standards and medical norms . One of the main reasons for this is the excess of nitrates in the product. Overusing of nitrogen fertilizers, as well as pollution of ground and surface water sources, atmospheric nitrogen compounds, also accumulates large amounts of nitrate in fruit and vegetable and feed crops (and therefore dairy products). Nitrate (NO3) is one of the most common compounds in nitrogen in nature. They are always present in the soil and play an important role in plant nutrition. Part of the nitrogen and other fertilizers supplied to the soil is washed with rain and irrigation water and accumulated in ponds and water sources, mixed with river salts and poured into the sea. On average, 200,000 people die each year from the effects of these poisons on the human body. Thus, the growth of fatal diseases and environmental pollution has led to an increase in the number of countries that are currently engaged in environmentally friendly (organic) production (181 countries). The natural conditions of Azerbaijan provide great opportunities for expanding the production of vegetables in the country. However, given the viability and historical importance of the transition to organic vegetable growing in the country, the solution to this problem depends on the state approach.

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Profitability of Organic Vegetable Production via Sod Based Rotation and Conventional Versus Strip Tillage in the Southern Coastal Plain

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v5n4p46 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 46 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mona Ahmadiani ◽

Chun Li ◽

Yaqin Liu ◽

Esendugue Greg Fonsah ◽

Christine Bliss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Coastal Plain ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Organic Production ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

The North ◽

Organic Vegetable Production ◽

Strip Tillage ◽

Rotation Sequence

<p class="sar-body"><span lang="EN-US">There are little economic data concerning the profitability of organic vegetable crops in the Southern Coastal Plain, especially in reference to sod-based rotation and tillage alternatives. A three-year experiment was conducted at the North Florida Research and Education Center-Quincy involving a crop rotation sequence of oats and rye (winter), bush beans (spring), soybean (summer) and broccoli (fall). Bush beans and broccoli were the cash crops. This paper presents analyses of the riskiness of organic production utilizing years in bahiagrass prior to initiating the crop rotation sequence and conventional tillage (CT) versus strip tillage (ST). Methods of “Risk-rated enterprise budget” and “Analyses of Variance-Covariance Matrix (ANOVA)” were utilized for determining relative profitability, and coefficient of variation was applied for measuring riskiness of each treatment. Three years of bahiagrass prior to initiating the crop rotation sequence, in combination with conventional tillage, had the highest profitability and ranked as the least risky scenario. The second most profitable treatment was conventional tillage with four years of bahiagrass. Focusing on strip tillage, four years of bahiagrass with strip-tillage ranked third in term of profitability.</span></p>

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Biopesticides the sustainable way of organic and healthy tomato production

Gradus ◽

10.47833/2020.3.agr.005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

Endre Pölös ◽

Csaba Szabó ◽

András Palkovics ◽

Fernanda Delgado

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Bactericidal Effect ◽

Organic Production ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Average Yield ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Harmful Organisms

In our experiment, we used allelochemicals in vegetable production that can be incorporated in part or in whole into integrated pest management or in organic production. The plant extracts we used can be applied to the crop in the same way as conventional pesticides. Correlations can be found between the allelochemicals that we used in plant protection, the positive change in the average yield, the reduction of harmful organisms and the health status of the cultivated plants. Bioherbicide has been shown to be an effective weed control containing allelochemicals that inhibit photosynthesis.Extracts of extremely hot chili pepper (Capsicum annuum ssp.) varieties, aqueous solutions of essential oils of herbs and spices were used for plant protection in tomato plantations under open field conditions. The results show that chili pepper extract is a strong repellent, and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil solution has a repellent, fungicidal and bactericidal effect at the same time.

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VARIETAL FEATURES OF BRUSSELS SPROUTS ACCORDING TO THE ADAPTED TECHNOLOGY OF CULTIVATION IN OPEN GROUND

Agriculture and Forestry ◽

10.37128/2707-5826-2020-2-14 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 156-166

Author(s):

Serhii Vdovenko ◽

Oleksandra Ivanovych ◽

Pavel Shvydkyi ◽

Oleg Zatolochny

Keyword(s):

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Large Set ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Brussels Sprouts ◽

Vegetable Products ◽

Open Ground ◽

Medicinal Properties ◽

Independent Species

Vegetable growing is one of the most important and, at the same time, the most complex plant growing branches of agriculture in Ukraine. Firstly, this is due to the value and irreplaceability of vegetable products for human nutrition, which determines the spread of vegetable crops in all regions of the country and the allocation of large areas of agricultural land for their cultivation. On the other hand, a feature of the industry is low transportability and high labor intensity of vegetable production, a large set of cultivated vegetable crops and the mechanization of individual production processes of their cultivation, in particular harvesting, is complicated. Therefore, it is very important to expand better than the cultivation of new vegetable crops, the cultivation areas of which are currently relatively small. One of these crops is Brussels sprouts, which is characterized by excellent nutritional and medicinal properties, but whose cultivation areas are insignificant, due to insufficient study of the characteristics of crop cultivation. Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. Gemmifera) - vegetable crop. Traditionally regarded as a variety of the species Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) of the genus Cabbage (Brassica) of the Cabbage family (Brassicaceae), some modern sources do not consider Brussels sprouts as an independent species, but consider it a group of varieties of the species Brassica oleracea L., with this approach, the correct name of this group considered Brassica oleracea Gemmifera Group. Keywords: brussels sprouts, variety studies, hybrid, vegetable growing, seed, growing season, shoots.

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Food Safety in the Sphere of Production and Consumption of Vegetable Products

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i4.38.24615 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4.38) ◽

pp. 523

Author(s):

Vladimir Alekseevich Solopov ◽

Ivan Alekseevich Minakov

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Safety ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Production Structure ◽

Vegetable Products ◽

Production And Consumption ◽

Per Capita ◽

Food Basket ◽

Practical Recommendations

The aim of the study is to develop theoretical provisions and practical recommendations for solving the problem of food security in the production and consumption of vegetable products. During the research, the following methods were used: statistical-economic, monographic, economic-mathematical, computational-constructive. The article considers the problem of providing the Russian population with vegetable products, especially during the off-season. The actual consumption of vegetables is 112 kg per capita per year with a rational diet of 140 kg. In the food basket of Russians, imported vegetable products occupy a significant share. Analysis of the state and trends of development of vegetable growing in the open and sheltered ground is given. For 2000-2016, the gross harvest of vegetables increased from 10.8 to 16.3 mln. tons because of higher yields while decreasing the area of vegetable crops. In vegetable production structure, production of sheltered ground occupies 9.6%. The households of the population are the main producers of vegetables. They accounted for 66.5% of the gross harvest of vegetables. The volume of vegetable production and the main directions of its increase are justified. To ensure food security, it is necessary to increase the production of vegetables and food melon crops from 18.1 to 22.5 mln. tons, including vegetables from 16.3 to 20.3 mln. tons, food melon crops – 1.8 to 2.2 mln. tons. The increase in production of vegetable products will be facilitated by improvement of state support for vegetable growing and its increase in size, its concentration in specialized farms, intensification of the industry, the revival of Russian seed production of vegetable crops, construction of modern energy-saving greenhouses and modernization of the old ones, development of agro-industrial integration.

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VEGETABLES IN THE SYSTEM OF ENSURING FOOD SECURITY OF RUSSIA

VEGETABLE CROPS OF RUSSIA ◽

10.18619/2072-9146-2019-2-9-15 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 9-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. V. Soldatenko ◽

A. F. Razin ◽

V. F. Pivovarov ◽

M. V. Shatilov ◽

M. I. Ivanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arable Land ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

World Production ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Vegetable Products ◽

The World ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Per Capita ◽

Global Indicators ◽

Per Capita Consumption

The results of vegetable production in recent years in the world and the Russian Federation are shown. The countries in which there was a significant change in the indicators of vegetable production are listed. The global indicators of the most important types of vegetable crops are given. The shares of the countries – the main leading vegetable producers – in the world gross harvest of vegetable products are allocated. Indicators of the size of the acreage, gross harvest and productivity in administrative districts are analyzed. The leading subjects of the Federation on these indicators are named. The collection of commercial vegetables in General and in the categories of vegetable producers. Given the share of Russia in world production of vegetables according to cultivated area, gross yield and basic types of vegetable production. It is established that the capacity of the domestic market is high and options for increasing production in the vegetable sector are proposed. The most important reasons constraining production of qualitative competitive vegetable production are designated, and also recommendations for their decision are given. The generalized results of longterm experiments allowing to pass to a new level of productivity of production of vegetables are shown. The level of influence of degradation of arable land on productivity and efficiency of vegetable growing is specified. The analysis of differentiation of districts and subjects of the Federation on the per capita consumption of vegetables, based on their own production and interregional exchange of vegetable products, taking into account imports from other countries. Consumption of vegetable production in districts and subjects of the Federation is presented. The shares of imports in the interregional exchange and to the volume of own production of vegetable products are calculated. The volume of imports is shown in real and value terms (in us dollars).

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Sustainable Commercial Vegetable Production with Minimal Use of Synthetic Fertilizers and Pesticides

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.2.170a ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 170a-170

Author(s):

Victor A. Wegrzyn

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Information Service ◽

Cultural Practice ◽

Organic Production ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Organic Vegetable Production ◽

Organic Farmers

Sustainable production systems are characterized as systems that can be physically and biologically maintained in perpetuity, can avoid adverse environmental and health problems, and can be economically profitable. Organic vegetable production systems are one example of sustainable farming enterprises. In California, organic production and postharvest handling techniques are closely defined by legislation. Of the several grower groups representing organic farmers in the state, the California Certified Organic Farmers is the largest, representing 382 growers that farmed a total area of 10,375 ha in 1988. Of these, 200 growers are vegetable producers. Another organization active among organic growers in California, as well as Mexico, Central American countries, and the Caribbean, is the Organic Crop Improvement Association. Marketing organizations such as the Nutri-Clean Program, which tests produce for pesticide residues and certifies specific residue standards, and the Organic Market News and Information Service facilitate the sale of organic produce in California. Cultural practice information for organic vegetable production is difficult to find, particularly techniques that would allow a grower to switch from conventional to organic production. University researchers and extension workers have so far been of little help, although the Univ. of California Sustainability Program at Davis is beginning research and education activities. Funding for these activities is inadequate, and the program is understaffed. There is need for long-term, interdisciplinary, on-farm studies to study organic production techniques in a realistic setting. At present, the reward system in place in land-grant institutions offers little encouragement to researchers to engage in this kind of work. There are formidable obstacles to increasing the use of organic materials for crop fertilization. The nutrient content of the state's manure and organic waste supplies is probably insufficient to meet the fertility needs of California's crops. In addition, since the majority of land currently producing vegetable crops in California is leased, long-term soil fertility investments are a risky undertaking.

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Assessing the Knowledge Gap of Women Vegetable Growers in Bihar

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2019/v38i630440 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Sonam Roy ◽

R. K. Sohane ◽

Subodh Kumar ◽

Anil Paswan

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

International Standards ◽

Knowledge Gap ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Annual Income ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Sowing Time ◽

Land Preparation

Women take part in almost all the activities related to vegetable production as well as marketing such as purchasing of seeds, sowing of seeds, transplanting, weeding, harvesting and post-harvest operations but due to lack of knowledge, they are straggling behind than the existing international standards of vegetable production. Therefore, the present study was undertaken in Bhagalpur district of Bihar (India) to assess the knowledge gap of 120 women vegetable growers through structured schedule. Findings of the study revealed that knowledge gap was very low in case of recommended practices such as land preparation (58.67%), disease management (58.34%), sowing time of the crops (60.00%), harvesting of vegetable crops (60.00%), weed management (61.67%), seed rate (68.34%) and very high in case of agronomical practices (83.33%), irrigation management (75.00%), fertilizer management (71.67%) and insect pest management (71.66%). It was also noted that seven variables were found statistically correlated with the knowledge gap of vegetable production technology. out of seven correlated variables, four variables such as farming experience, contact with extension personnel in public and private sector and social participation were found to be highly significant at 0.001 level of probability and three variables such as education, overall annual income and annual income from vegetable farming were found to be highly significant at 0.005 level of probability. The variables age and land holding had positive but both variables were found to be non-significant. Therefore, it was concluded that there is a high need of increasing their knowledge level as well as skills about the production of vegetables.

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Tomato Production using Spring-sown Cover Crops' Mulch for Weed Control

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.430e ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 430E-430

Author(s):

Akemo Mary Christine ◽

Mark Bennett ◽

Emily Regnier

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Field Peas ◽

Comparable Performance ◽

Tomato Growth

In the tropics, cover crops do not have to over-winter, but can be established in the same season as the vegetable crops. To emulate this situation, winter rye `Wheeler' (Secale cereale) and field peas (Pisum sativum) in pure stands and bi-culture combinations in decreasing levels and varying ratios were established early in Spring 1996 and mown down 2 months later prior to transplanting tomato seedlings. Both cover crops grew to the flowering stage before being mown down. There were significant differences (P = 0.05) between the treatments in weed control and tomato growth. The best tomato growth and yield was in the conventionally hand-weeded control and the worst in the un-weeded control, with almost no fruit yield. The cover crop treatments with comparable performance to the best treatment were the highest rates of pure field peas, 0.25 rye + 0.75 field peas, and 0.5 rye + 0.5 field peas. The pure rye treatments suppressed weeds best, but also suppressed tomato plant growth. Weeds were suppressed for the first month in most of the mulch covers, but 2 months after mowing down most of the mulch covers were overcome by weeds. Dicotyledonous weeds appeared first and grew faster than grass weeds. This work showed that there is potential for the use of cover crops for weed control in tropical vegetable production.

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ORGANIC VEGETABLE CULTURE IN MISSISSIPPI: GROWING AND PROFITABLE

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.3.509b ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 509B-509 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

William B. Evans ◽

Kenneth W. Hood ◽

Peter M. Hudson ◽

Keri L. Paridon

Keyword(s):

Production System ◽

Market Price ◽

Organic Production ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Yield Data ◽

Farmers Market ◽

Net Returns ◽

Summer Squash ◽

Potato Yields

Yield and economics of vegetable crops are being evaluated in non-adjacent organic (OG) and nonorganic (NOG) vegetable production field areas in Crystal Springs, Mississippi. Each production area has six sections in which crops are rotated over several seasons and years. Production techniques and management are as similar in timing and methodology as possible between the systems without compromising either system. Production methods, timing, and costs are recorded for each operation. These are combined with yield data to create budgets and estimated returns for each production system/crop combination. When possible, harvested produce is marketed by a cooperating grower-retailer at a local mid- to up-scale farmers market. Three years into the study, positive returns have been found for several crops including potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), lettuce (Latuca sativa L.), summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.), and others. Marketable new potato yields in 2005 were under 10,000 lb/acre for Yukon Gold and Red Lasoda in either production system. Estimated net returns, based on an actual $2.00/lb market price, were positive for all system/cultivar combinations although final budget numbers are not firm. Significant differences in yield among cultivars were seen in potato, lettuce, summer squash, and cucumber. Organic production budgets for other crops in the study are also being developed.

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OASIS: An Experiential Learning Class in Organic Production

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.4.974e ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 974E-975

Author(s):

Erin Silva ◽

Connie Falk

Keyword(s):

General Education ◽

Organic Agriculture ◽

Weed Management ◽

Local Community ◽

Chihuahuan Desert ◽

Organic Production ◽

Community Supported Agriculture ◽

Small Scale ◽

Vegetable Production ◽

Vegetable Crops

New Mexico State University has designed a course in Organic Vegetable Production centered on a working CSA (Community Supported Agriculture) Farm. This project, named “OASIS” (Organic Agriculture Students Inspiring Sustainability), was funded by a 3-year USDA Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSI) grant from 2002–05. The project has multiple objectives, including: to provide students with a multi-disciplinary experiential educational opportunity; to investigate the feasibility of small-scale organic drip-irrigated farming in the Chihuahuan desert; to demonstrate the CSA model to the local community; and to trial vegetable varieties. The class is co-listed in the Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and the Department of Agricultural Economics and Agricultural Business. Recently, the class was adopted in the Honors College and also became part of the General Education (G) program at NMSU. The course meets twice a week during two 2-h class periods. In-class time is divided between lectures, active learning projects, and work at the 0.26-ha field plot. The class content covered by the instructors includes organic regulations, history of CSAs and organic agriculture, evaluating the profitability of CSAs, the production of specific vegetable crops, planting and harvesting procedures, and postharvest requirements. Guest speakers are also part of the regular class structure and have discussed various topics such as beneficial insects, tillage, cover cropping, and weed management. The “living classroom” allows for these lectures to draw upon the experiences of students working on the farm. Although the course presents several challenges, the hands-on experience gained by the students is considered to be invaluable.

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