In Love

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Gillian Knoll
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Structure ◽  
Kenneth Burke ◽  
Luce Irigaray ◽  
Spatial Metaphors ◽  
Gain Access ◽  
Erotic Desire

Part II focuses on spatial metaphors of permeability and containment that dramatize erotic desire as a rupture between self and world. Such metaphors raise the stakes of erotic desire when intimacy requires characters to make themselves vulnerable. They compromise their personal and bodily boundaries but they also gain access to new forms of intimacy. This section of the book begins by exploring different philosophies of place, from thinkers such as Kenneth Burke to Luce Irigaray and Edward Casey, which illuminate the dynamics of desire in Lyly and Shakespeare. The introductory pages focus on the container schema, a basic cognitive structure that allows us to conceptualize bounded regions in space by imagining an inside, outside, and boundary. To illustrate the role of the container schema in erotic experience, these pages analyze Valentine’s speeches about Silvia in The Two Gentlemen of Verona. Although the famous questions in the play are “Who is Silvia? What is she?,” Valentine himself turns out to be preoccupied with the question, where is Silvia?

scholarly journals The Role of Capsid in HIV-1 Nuclear Entry

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1425
Author(s):  
Anabel Guedán ◽  
Eve R. Caroe ◽  
Genevieve C. R. Barr ◽  
Kate N. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Pore ◽  
Outer Face ◽  
Nuclear Entry ◽  
Nuclear Compartment ◽  
Critical Step ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Gain Access

HIV-1 can infect non-dividing cells. The nuclear envelope therefore represents a barrier that HIV-1 must traverse in order to gain access to the host cell chromatin for integration. Hence, nuclear entry is a critical step in the early stages of HIV-1 replication. Following membrane fusion, the viral capsid (CA) lattice, which forms the outer face of the retroviral core, makes numerous interactions with cellular proteins that orchestrate the progress of HIV-1 through the replication cycle. The ability of CA to interact with nuclear pore proteins and other host factors around the nuclear pore determines whether nuclear entry occurs. Uncoating, the process by which the CA lattice opens and/or disassembles, is another critical step that must occur prior to integration. Both early and delayed uncoating have detrimental effects on viral infectivity. How uncoating relates to nuclear entry is currently hotly debated. Recent technological advances have led to intense discussions about the timing, location, and requirements for uncoating and have prompted the field to consider alternative uncoating scenarios that presently focus on uncoating at the nuclear pore and within the nuclear compartment. This review describes recent advances in the study of HIV-1 nuclear entry, outlines the interactions of the retroviral CA protein, and discusses the challenges of investigating HIV-1 uncoating.

scholarly journals The role of the illusion in the construction of erotic desire: narratives from heterosexual men who have occasional sex with transgender women

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 951-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy J. Reback ◽  
Rachel L. Kaplan ◽  
Talia M. Bettcher ◽  
Sherry Larkins
Keyword(s):  
Transgender Women ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Erotic Desire

scholarly journals The Ethical Dilemma of Lifestyle Change: Designing for sustainable schools and sustainable citizenship

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-155
Author(s):  
Andrea Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Luce Irigaray ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Innovative Learning ◽  
Michael Oakeshott ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Sustainable Schools

This paper explores how participation and sustainability are being addressed by architects within the Building Schools for the Future (BSF) programme in the UK. The intentions promoted by the programme are certainly ambitious, but the ways to fulfil these aims are ill-explored. Simply focusing on providing innovative learning technologies, or indeed teaching young people about physical sustainability features in buildings, will not necessarily teach them the skills they will need to respond to the environmental and social challenges of a rapidly changing world. However, anticipating those skills is one of the most problematic issues of the programme. The involvement of young people in the design of schools is used to suggest empowerment, place-making and to promote social cohesion but this is set against government design literature which advocates for exemplars, standard layouts and best practice, all leading to forms of standardisation. The potentials for tokenistic student involvement and conflict with policy aims are evident. This paper explores two issues: how to foster in young people an ethic towards future generations, and the role of co-design practices in this process. Michael Oakeshott calls teaching the conversation of mankind. In this paper, I look at the philosophy of Hannah Arendt, Emmanuel Levinas, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Luce Irigaray to argue that investigating the ethical dilemmas of the programme through critical dialogue with students offers an approach to meeting government objectives, building sustainable schools, and fostering sustainable citizenship.

scholarly journals The role of concepts in science teaching

2003 ◽  
pp. 111-130
Author(s):  
Slobodanka Milanovic-Nahod ◽  
Nadezda Saranovic-Bozanovic ◽  
Dragica Sisovic
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Concept Learning ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Cognitive Structure ◽  
School Level ◽  
Scientific Concepts ◽  
Essential Questions ◽  
Practical Recommendations ◽  
Primary School Level

The present paper poses essential questions: What knowledge should students attain and what methods should be applied? The authors started up from cognitivistic view of cognition related to: (a) organizing knowledge of science in the form of generalized ideas or major concepts that can be reduced to a large number of information items, and (b) manner of building up students? knowledge into meaningful units as matrices of interrelated concepts. Attention is directed to difficulties emerging in developing cognitive structures related to complex contents of science and methods of concept learning in the teaching process. The results of investigations show that students? mastery of concepts is poor, and the reasons are to be found in the abstract character of contents themselves, lack of ability to interrelate contents within one discipline and between cognate ones, and the absence of establishing relationships between scientific concepts in cognitive structure. An efficient method of presenting scientific concepts was given and explained at three levels, such as macro, micro and symbolic. A model was suggested as a possible method for netting concepts in chemistry at primary school level. Practical recommendations were given to teachers how to assess students? cognitive structure and how to apply appropriate methods.

Disengagement from the State in Africa: Reflections on the Experience of Ghana and Guinea

1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Azarya ◽  
Naomi Chazan
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Underlying Assumption ◽  
Center Stage ◽  
Societal Response ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Political Studies ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Gain Access

Few questions have galvanized the attention of observers of African affairs in recent years as forcefully as the performance of the state on the continent. The debate on the nature of the state—its capabilities, weaknesses, external and societal connections, and impact—has come to occupy center stage in the field of African political studies. This overriding preoccupation emanates from the underlying assumption that the state constitutes a superior means for the fulfillment of economic and social aspirations; participation in its activities is deemed beneficial, and various sectors of society strive to associate with its institutions and gain access to its resources. Some recent works have cast doubt on this assumption, however, and the trend in the literature has been shifting towards an emphasis on the diminishing role of the state in African social life. However, even in these new studies the focus has been primarily on the state itself, its difficulties, incapacities, and failures, rather than on societal response to its actions.

Organizational access in qualitative research

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Nathan Alexander ◽  
Anne D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Management Journal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Gain Access ◽  
Administrative Science

Purpose While organizational access is central to much qualitative research, little is known about how researchers secure it. The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic assessment of this critical methodological step. Design/methodology/approach A systematic review was conducted to establish how researchers gained access to organizations for qualitative research. Access type was identified and explanatory indicators were inductively developed to illuminate how access was obtained in a sample of 216 qualitative articles published in Administrative Science Quarterly and Academy of Management Journal between 1986 and 2013. A supplemental review of 306 articles published in Organization Studies over the same period augmented the primary analysis with a broader view of published accounts of access. Findings Learning prior to entering organizations, researchers’ backgrounds, organizational insiders, and outside contacts facilitated access. The role of these factors, which served as indicators of legitimacy, varied with the type of access. In addition, the authors found that many articles provide little information about how the researchers gained access, regardless of a publication’s domicile. Originality/value This study furthers the understanding of how researchers gain access to organizations to conduct qualitative research and discusses the implications of the limited access accounts in published studies. In addition, this research provides practical guidance for authors, editors, and reviewers.

scholarly journals Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies Interact with Primary Granule Constituents on the Surface of Apoptotic Neutrophils in the Absence of Neutrophil Priming

1996 ◽  
Vol 184 (6) ◽  
pp. 2231-2242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah M. Gilligan ◽  
Brunel Bredy ◽  
Hugh R. Brady ◽  
Marie-Josée Hébert ◽  
Henry S. Slayter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Immunogold Labeling ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
Anca Associated Vasculitis ◽  
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies ◽  
Neutrophil Priming ◽  
Gain Access ◽  
Primary Granule

The pathogenic role of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) remains controversial because of the difficulty in explaining how extracellular ANCA can interact with intracellular primary granule constituents. It has been postulated that cytokine priming of neutrophils (PMN), as may occur during a prodromal infection, is an important trigger for mobilization of granules to the cell surface, where they may interact with ANCA. We show by electron microscopy that apoptosis of unprimed PMN is also associated with the translocation of cytoplasmic granules to the cell surface and alignment just beneath an intact cell membrane. Immunofluorescent microscopy and FACS® analysis demonstrate reactivity of ANCA-positive sera and antimyeloperoxidase antibodies with apoptotic PMN, but not with viable PMN. Moreover, we show that apoptotic PMN may be divided into two subsets, based on the presence or absence of granular translocation, and that surface immunogold labeling of myeloperoxidase occurs only in the subset of PMN showing translocation. These results provide a novel mechanism that is independent of priming, by which ANCA may gain access to PMN granule components during ANCA-associated vasculitis.

The role of organic volatile profiles in clinical diagnosis.

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Zlatkis ◽  
R S Brazell ◽  
C F Poole
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Organic Volatiles ◽  
Volatile Profiles ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infection ◽  
Capillary Column Gas Chromatography ◽  
Trace Concentrations ◽  
Gain Access

Abstract The organic volatile constituents of biological fluids contain clinically useful diagnostic information for the recognition of metabolic disorders in man. To gain access to this information, it was necessary to develop the methodology for reproducibly stripping the trace concentrations of volatiles from biological fluids (dynamic headspace, gas phase-stripping, solvent extraction, and the transevaporator technique), to separate the complex extracts by high-resolution capillary column gas chromatography, and to develop computer-aided data-handling and pattern-recognition techniques for analyzing the immense amount of information generated. The normal and pathological organic volatiles identified by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry in urine, serum, and breast milk are tabulated. Clinical applications of the above techniques to the study and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, respiratory virus infection, renal insufficiency, and cancer are described.

Roman Gardens, Imagination, and Cognitive Structure

Mnemosyne ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 781-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M.A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Cognitive Structure ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Urban Residence ◽  
Textual Evidence ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Literature History ◽  
Enclosed Space ◽  
The City

The article deals with the Roman garden and sets it in the context of identity, imagination, and cognitive development. Although the implications of the argument are empire-wide, the focus here is primarily on the urban gardens of the city of Rome ca. 60 b.c.-a.d. 60. The person experiencing one garden sees through it other gardens, real, historical, or poetic. ‘The garden’ and representations of the garden become places for thinking about literature, history, and identity. Our evidence for this ‘thinking’ is a lateral or synchronic layer in the sense that the thinking for which we have textual evidence is all done by fully developed adults. However, there is another, vertical or diachronic, aspect to the process which involves the cognitive development from childhood of the garden-user and the role of the garden in structuring the prospective citizen’s understanding of the world. The garden is a central feature of the urban residence, where the Roman citizen lives and moves through the course of his cognitive development. It is inside the house, and the house is inside the city, which is inside Italy. The concluding part of the article investigates how the core notion of the garden as enclosed space maps on to larger sets of inside-outside dyads in the Roman world: the garden is a secluded interior, but on a larger scale Rome is a safe interior surrounded by more perilous environment; again, Italy is a civilised interior surrounded by a more dangerous outer world. The garden is experienced by the child largely through play, and this also feeds into the garden-related imaginative acts described in the first part of the paper.1

Getting into chromatin: how do transcription factors get past the histones?

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall H Morse
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Dna Binding Proteins ◽  
Transcriptional Activators ◽  
Activation Domains ◽  
Nucleosome Dynamics ◽  
Gain Access ◽  
General Transcription Machinery

Transcriptional activators and the general transcription machinery must gain access to DNA that in eukaryotes may be packaged into nucleosomes. In this review, I discuss this problem from the standpoint of the types of chromatin structures that these DNA-binding proteins may encounter, and the mechanisms by which they may contend with various chromatin structures. The discussion includes consideration of experiments in which chromatin structure is manipulated in vivo to confront activators with nucleosomal binding sites, and the roles of nucleosome dynamics and activation domains in facilitating access to such sites. Finally, the role of activators in facilitating access of the general transcriptional machinery to sites in chromatin is discussed. Key words: nucleosome, chromatin, transcriptional activation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

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