Bayana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Shokoohy ◽  
Natalie H. Shokoohy
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Historic Sites ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Indian Architecture ◽  
12Th Century

Bayana in Rajasthan and its monuments challenge the perceived but established view of the development of Indo-Muslim architecture and urban form. At the end of the 12th century the Ghurid conquerors took the mighty Hindu fort, building the first Muslim city below on virgin ground. It was the centre of an autonomous region during the 15th and 16th centuries and was even considered by Sikandar Lodī for the capital of his sultanate before he decided on Agra, then a mere village of Bayana. A peculiarity of historic sites in India is that whole towns with outstanding remains can, through political change or climatic events, be either built over by modern developments or fall into obscurity. The latter is the case with Bayana, abandoned following an earthquake in 1505. Going beyond a simple study of the historic, architectural and archaeological remains ‒ surveyed and illustrated in detail ‒ the book takes on the wider issues of how far the artistic traditions of Bayana, which developed independently from those of Delhi, later influenced North Indian architecture and were the forerunners of the Mughal architectural style, which draw many of its features from innovations developed first in Bayana.

scholarly journals Comparative study on characteristics and development of Chinese and western architectural culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kexin Mu ◽  
Chang Zhang ◽  
Jing Ji
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Historic Sites ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Continuous Development ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Gradual Loss

Architecture is an indispensable part of the development of human civilization and the carrier of human civilization. The evolution of architectural style can also reflect the development of a nation. With the continuous development of history, the preservation and development of historic sites has gradually become a topic of common concern in China and the west. However, with the continuous development of modern technology, there are fewer and fewer traditional cultural elements in the newly-built buildings, which lead to the gradual loss of some traditional architectural culture. In order to avoid the further aggravation of this phenomenon, something should be done. From the perspective of the development characteristics of Chinese and western architectural culture, the characteristics and differences of the development process of Chinese and western architecture were listed from ancient to modern times, and gradually the main reasons for the different development directions and characteristics were analyzed. In addition, according to the law and characteristics of the development of Chinese and western architecture, some methods on how to solve the inheritance of Chinese modern architecture to traditional culture were put forward.

Delhi

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anish Vanaik
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
National Capital Region ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
National Capital ◽  
The One

Delhi has a unique place among the three big metropolises of India. Compared to Mumbai and Kolkata, Delhi’s history is much older: stretching back to the 12th century. Its growth in size, however, is much more recent. From a population of a little over a million in 1951, Delhi and its satellites—the National Capital Region (NCR)—had a population of over eighteen million in the 2011 census. In fact, Delhi’s urban history can be divided neatly at independence. Before that time, Delhi’s urban form reflected its repeated (but not continuous) status as a setting of political power. For the period of explosive urban growth after independence, scholarship about planning initiatives and their discontents abounds. There are excellent accounts of the movement from high-modernist planning to the more recent invocations of making Delhi a world-class city. Inadequate housing and repeated displacements of the poor are keynotes in this scholarship. Social movements, particularly those of the urban poor, have been an important theme from the middle of the first decade of the 21st century. Alongside spatial conflicts over planning, there is a rich vein of empirical work, and some theorization, of the ways in which political mobilizations around religion have shaped the city. Scholars have also dwelt on the complicated structure of urban governance in Delhi—as national capital and burgeoning metropolis, as an urban region that spans four separate provinces, as a megacity engulfing rural pockets, and as an administrative and commercial center ringed by an industrial periphery. Urban interventions aimed at improving Delhi’s environment have also been a topic of scholarly study. Thus, the expulsion of so-called polluting industries in Delhi, on the one hand, has gone together with the emergence of industrial zones in the peripheries of the NCR. Broadly speaking, the scholarship on historical urbanisms in Delhi points to the ways in which shifting structures of power generated urban forms in the Delhi landscape. Unsurprisingly, one manifestation of this long history has been in the active presence of heritage discourses. There is a particularly rich literature on the ways in which the present and the past coexist in modern Delhi, and the multiple possibilities for place-making opened up thereby. The author would like to thank Deepasri Baul and the anonymous reviewer for their suggestions.

Northern Italy in the Central Middle Ages

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Gamberini
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Cultures ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
To Come ◽  
Communal Institutions ◽  
The City

This chapter focuses on the political change that took place in the post-Carolingian age, when the collapse of empire encouraged the jurisdictional separation of cities and countryside, until then subject to the same authorities and to the same destiny. Thus, while in the city the community of cives gathered first around their bishop and then around the new communal institutions, the countryside saw the beginning of a proliferation of lords of castles and manorial lords. The result was the development of very different political cultures that were destined to come into conflict with each other as, starting from the 12th century, the citizens of the commune began their political expansion into the surrounding countryside.

scholarly journals TINGGALAN KOLONIAL PULAU NUMFOR KABUPATEN BIAK NUMFOR [Colonial Relics in Numfor Island, Biak Numfor Regency]

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Sonya Martha Kawer
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
World War ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Historic Sites

The process of colonization to the eastern region of Indonesia has left many archaeological remains in the areas that became the center or connecting power. Biak Noemfoor become one of the important areas of colonization. Colonial heritage in Biak Noemfoor found, such as: the former home of the Netherlands, the former home of America, attributes wars, currency, and caves hideout Japanese army during World War II. To identify the findings, this study used qualitative methods by applying the techniques of interview, observation, and literature study. The findings intended to be utilized as educational materials Papua historical colonial period. In addition, this study also aims to demonstrate the historic sites that need to be maintained and preserved or developed as a historical tourist attraction. AbstrakProses kolonisasi ke wilayah timur Indonesia telah meninggalkan banyak tinggalan arkeologi di daerah-daerah yang menjadi pusat atau penghubung kekuasaannya. Biak Numfor menjadi salah satu daerah penting kolonisasi. Peninggalan kolonial di Biak Numfor yang ditemukan, berupa: bekas rumah Belanda, bekas rumah Amerika, atribut perang, mata uang, dan gua-gua tempat persembunyian tentara Jepang pada saat Perang Dunia II. Untuk mengidentifikasi temuan, penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menerapkan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Hasil temuan ditujukan untuk dapat didayagunakan sebagai bahan pendidikan sejarah Papua masa penjajahan. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan menunjukkan situs bersejarah yang perlu dijaga dan dilestarikan dan atau dikembangkan sebagai objek wisata sejarah.

Newcomers and autochthons. Preliminary report on 2013 activities in the Kurdistan Autonomous Region, Iraq

2016 ◽  
Vol XXIV (1) ◽  
pp. 591-598
Author(s):  
Dorota Ławecka
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Late Chalcolithic

The aim of the project “Newcomers and autochthons” is a detailed analysis of the archaeological remains dated to the Late Chalcolithic and Ninevite 5 periods found during the survey conducted in the Upper Greater Zab area. The article presents a preliminary report on the field activities in the fall of 2013.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI ARKEOLOGI SARANA DAN PRASARANA MAHAVIHARA MUARAJAMBI SEBAGAI PUSAT PENDIDIKAN DI ASIA TENGGARA PADA MASA MELAYU KUNO ABAD VII-XII

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-152
Author(s):  
Asyhadi Mufsi Sadzali
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Educational Support ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Archaeological Methods ◽  
Processing Data ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Supporting Structures

An Identification of Archeology Mahavihara Muarajambi Facilities and Infrastructures As a Central Education In Southeast Asia In Malay Ancient Time Of The VII-XII CenturyBy;Asyhadi Mufsi Sadzali, Yundi Fitrah Abstract: The development of Buddhism in Sumatra, especially in Jambi, has been going on since at least the 7th century, as evidenced by archaeological remains in the form of the distribution of temple structures in an area of ??3,900 hectares. Reconstruction efforts have been carried out since 1975, until now, but the interpretation of the functions of the buildings in the MuaraJambi temple area has not been studied much, so it is always associated with religious worship buildings. These assumptions will be expressed through two research questions; 1. What were the kinds of archaeological data supporting the MuaraJambi temple as an educational centre 2. How were the educational support facilities found in the Muarajambi Temple in the 7th-12th century AD. Disclosure of research questions using archaeological methods, through systematic stages including; collecting data, processing data in the form of identification and classification, and interpreting data. In the final section, it would discuss the function of each temple building and other supporting structures, namely as a means of educational infrastructure in Southeast Asia1in VII-XII AD century.Keywords: Mahavihara, Temple, Muarajambi IDENTIFIKASI ARKEOLOGI SARANA DAN PRASARANA MAHAVIHARA MUARAJAMBI SEBAGAI PUSAT PENDIDIKAN DI ASIA TENGGARA PADA MASA MELAYU KUNO ABAD VII-XII Oleh;  Asyhadi Mufsi Sadzali, Yundi Fitrah abstrak: perkembangan ajaran Buddha di Sumatera, khususnya di Jambi telah berlangsung setidaknya sejak abad ke-7, dibuktikan dengan tinggalan arkeologi berupa sebaran struktur candi di kawasan Percandian Muarajambi seluas 3.900 Ha. Upaya rekonstruksi telah dilakukan sejak tahun 1975, namun interpretasi fungsi bangunan belum banyak diteliti, sehingga hanya dikaitkan dengan bangunan peribadatan agama Buddha. Akantetapi perkembangan data penelitian menunjukkan hal berbeda, ada kemungkinan fungsi lain, yakni sebagai pusat pendidikan. Asumsi tersebut diungkapkan melalui dua pertanyaan penelitian; Apa saja ragam data arkeologi pendukung percandian Muarajambi sebagai pusat pendidikan? Bagaimana sarana-prasarana pendukung pendidikan di Percandian Muarajambi pada abad ke-7 -12 M? Untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian digunakan metode arkeologi, melalui tahapan sistimatis meliputi; pengumpulan data, pengolahan data dalam betuk identifikasi dan  klasifikasi, serta interpretasi data. Pada bagian ahir diambil kesimpulan terkait fungsi masing-masing bangunan candi serta struktur pendukung lain sebagai sarana prasarana pendidikan di Asia Tenggara pada abad ke-7 – 12 M. Kata kunci: Mahavihara, Candi, Muarajambi

scholarly journals Peran Grenteng terhadap Kenyamanan Sirkulasi Pengunjung di Komplek Makam Raja Mataram Kotagede Yogyakarta

INVENSI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61
Author(s):  
Putri Prabu Utami
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Architectural Style

Kotagede Yogyakarta merupakan peninggalan Kerajaan Mataram di mana terdapat banyak peninggalan arkeologis seperti Watu Gilang dan sisa tembok benteng. Peninggalan kerajaan Mataram kuno Kotagede dapat dilihat di komplek Makam Raja Mataram Kotagede. Komplek Makam Raja Mataram di Kotagede Yogyakarta memiliki gaya arsitektur Hindu. Ciri khas dari bangunan Hindu di Makam Raja Mataram identik dengan pengunaan material batu bata merah dan kapur. Komplek Makam memiliki bangunan berupa tembok pembatas yang bernama grenteng yang penempatannya berada setelah pintu gerbang yang memiliki fungsi sebagai penutup atau pembatas antara ruang dalam dengan ruang luar atau ruang sebelumnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kenyamanan sirkulasi dengan adanya peranan grenteng pada satu ruang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian gabungan, yang bergantung pada kedua bahan pustaka yang relevan serta temuan lapangan seperti observasi dan wawancara. Selanjutnya melakukan analisis data lapangan. Keberadaan grenteng yang berada tepat di tengah pintu memberikan pengaruh terhadap kenyamanan sirkulasi pengunjung. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan kenyamanan sirkulasi dengan adanya peran grenteng dapat dicapai pada satu sisi kiri baik digunakan sebagai sirkulasi masuk maupun keluar. Kenyamanan sirkulasi satu sisi pada komplek Makam Raja Mataram Kotagede berbeda dengan bangunan yang memiliki grenteng seperti di Keraton Yogyakarta maupun makam Raja Imogiri. Kotagede Yogyakarta is a relic of the Mataram kingdom where there are many archaeological remains such as Watu Gilang and the rest of the wall of the fort. Relics of ancient kingdom of Mataram Kotagede can be seen in the complex of the tomb of King of Mataram Kotagede. Complex Tomb of King of Mataram in Kotagede Yogyakarta has a Hindu architectural style. The distinctive feature of the building at the tomb of the King of Mataram Hindu identical to the material the use of red brick and limestone. The tomb complex of buildings in the form of the parapet has named grenteng whose post is after the gate has a function as a cover or barrier between the space in the outer space or room earlier. The purpose of this study to determine the comfort of their circulation with grenteng role in one room. This study is a combination, which is dependent on both the relevant library materials as well as the findings of such field observations and interviews. Furthermore, analysis of field data. Grenteng existence which is right in the middle of the door to give effect to the comfort of the visitor circulation. The findings show comfort with their roles grenteng circulation can be achieved on the left side used as incoming and outgoing circulation. Leisure circulation of one hand on the tomb of the King of Mataram Kotagede complex of different buildings that have grenteng like in the Keraton or the tomb of King Imogiri.

Psychological perspectives on political change.

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 703-704
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Newman ◽  
D. Conor Seyle
Keyword(s):  
Political Change
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