Official Negotiations: The Long, Narrow Road to Peace

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-220
Author(s):  
İ. Aytaç Kadıoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decisive Factor ◽  
Northern Irish ◽  
Good Friday ◽  
Case Comparison ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Narrow Road ◽  
The One ◽  
Resolution Processes

This chapter explores official negotiations as the key factor in conflict resolution processes in both the Northern Irish and Turkey’s Kurdish conflicts. The cross-case comparison allows for the generation of comprehensive insights into the conflict environment—which is a decisive factor for the nature of political resolution attempts—by providing an analysis of the root causes of the conflicts in both cases. The main events included the Good Friday Agreement and the role played by Sinn Fein and Gerry Adams on the one hand, Dolmabahçe Declaration and the role played by Abdullah Öcalan on the other. The analysis at this chapter broadens the process from ‘negative’ to ‘positive peace’ that includes transformation of the underlying reasons for conflicts and restoration of relationships. It provides clear evidence from both track-one experiences and their comparison which will help establish an extensive analysis in making peace. The chapter reaches a detailed analysis by including other actors and factors, namely ‘spoilers’ who aim to distract a peace process, and mediators in facilitating or hindering progress.

Backchannel Communications: Talking to the Enemy Behind the Scenes

2020 ◽  
pp. 110-148
Author(s):  
İ. Aytaç Kadıoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Communication Channels ◽  
The Other ◽  
British Government ◽  
Northern Irish ◽  
Peace Processes ◽  
Secret Communication ◽  
The One ◽  
Turkish Case ◽  
Resolution Processes

The nature of political, non-violent peace efforts resulted in over-motivation on official negotiations between conflicting parties and so caused an intention to limit peace processes with these negotiations only. This chapter includes secret communication channels into conflict resolution processes as the pre-negotiation stage and so draws a broader framework for peacemaking. The influence of these track one-and-a-half efforts between the principle armed protagonists, namely the British and Turkish governments on the one hand, the IRA and PKK on the other, are the focus of the research. The chapter reveals that while the pre-negotiation stage began during the early 1970s and lasted until the early 1990s when the Northern Irish parties and British government commenced official negotiations, it was between the 1980s and early 2010s in the Turkish case. It investigates backchannel communications in twofold: (1) Direct talks which bring representatives of disputing parties together in a secret location, (2) indirect communications which are achieved through communication chains built by one or more chains. It is rounded off with a comparison of the two cases regarding the role of these factors in de-escalating the conflict or obstructing peacemaking attempts.

scholarly journals The relationship between body weight and exterior measurements in domestic ostriches during the first four months after hatching

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Andrey Kurtenkov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

It is related leg problems to the realization of the necessity of doing a detailed analysis of the phenotype correlations between body weight and exterior measurements. As a result of the study, lower coefficients have been obtained of the correlation between the girth of the tarso metatarsus on one hand, and the body weight and the girth behind the wings, on the other hand (respectively 0.563 and 0.608), compared with the one between the body weight and the girth behind the wings (0.898). It is advisable in the selection of ostriches to take into consideration the necessity of a higher phenotypic correlation between the girth of the tarso metatarsus on the one hand, and the body weight and the girth behind the wings on the other hand, with a view to preventing leg problems.

Soldier-Bureaucrats

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-73
Author(s):  
Marie Muschalek
Keyword(s):  
Police Training ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decisive Factor ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Legal Knowledge ◽  
Police Leadership ◽  
Proper Form ◽  
Lethal Force ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One

This chapter addresses the hybrid semi-civilian and semi-military institutional setting within which police codes of behavior emerged. On the one hand, police leadership held on tightly to military notions of etiquette, proper appearance, comradeship, and loyalty. This attitude became particularly apparent in police training. Not legal knowledge or administrational skills, but an imposing military habitus and access to lethal force were to provide the foundation for quality policing. On the other hand, being charged with civilian tasks, the policemen of the Landespolizei created a professional culture that increasingly introduced administrational techniques as modes of validation and legitimization. To them, it mattered that the job was done in accordance with an ever growing complex of decrees as well as that it was documented in proper form. In short, policemen were men of guns and paper—they injured and killed people “by the book.” This chapter returns to the significance of honor, demonstrating how the concern for proper appearance and performance was the most decisive factor in the emergence of a Landespolizei organizational culture.

scholarly journals On the Origins of Phonology

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Berent
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensorimotor System ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Functional Architecture ◽  
Phonological Knowledge ◽  
The One ◽  
Speech And Language Disorders ◽  
Phonological System

Why do humans drink and drive but fail to rdink and rdive? Here, I suggest that these regularities could reflect abstract phonological principles that are active in the minds and brains of all speakers. In support of this hypothesis, I show that (a) people converge on the same phonological preferences (e.g., dra over rda) even when the relevant structures (e.g., dra, rda) are unattested in their language and that (b) such behavior is inexplicable by purely sensorimotor pressures or experience with similar syllables. Further support for the distinction between phonology and the sensorimotor system is presented by their dissociation in dyslexia, on the one hand, and the transfer of phonological knowledge from speech to sign, on the other. A detailed analysis of the phonological system can elucidate the functional architecture of the typical mind/brain and the etiology of speech and language disorders.

scholarly journals FERTILITY AND SOCIAL SECURITY

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Boldrin ◽  
Mariacristina De Nardi ◽  
Larry E. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Jones Model ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Broad Cross Section ◽  
The One

Abstract:The data show that an increase in government provided old-age pensions is strongly correlated with a reduction in fertility. What type of model is consistent with this finding? We explore this question using two models of fertility, the one by Barro and Becker (1989), and the one inspired by Caldwell and developed by Boldrin and Jones (2002). In the Barro and Becker model parents have children because they perceive their children’s lives as a continuation of their own. In the Boldrin and Jones’ framework parents procreate because the children care about their old parents’ utility, and thus provide them with old age transfers. The effect of increases in government provided pensions on fertility in the Barro and Becker model is very small, and inconsistent with the empirical findings. The effect on fertility in the Boldrin and Jones model is sizeable and accounts for between 55 and 65% of the observed Europe–US fertility differences both across countries and across time and over 80% of the observed variation seen in a broad cross section of countries. Another key factor affecting fertility the Boldrin and Jones model is the access to capital markets, which can account for the other half of the observed change in fertility in developed countries over the last 70 years.

scholarly journals Challenges of logistic processing of the transport package selected by suppliers for international carriage of construction goods by road

Upravlenie ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Tettsoeva
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Residential Real Estate ◽  
Effective Demand ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One

The purpose of the article is to identify the general situations emerging in the practice of road carriers and importing companies that relate to increased risk of damage and destruction of the goods and also to delivery delays because of the mismatch between the transport packaging which is provided by foreign suppliers of construction materials and the goods itself. The article gives pride of place to the recommendations on minimizing of the risks that are connected with transport and consumer packaging of construction materials delivered in Russia from abroad by truck. It has been noted noted that in the face of declining of effective demand for commercial and residential real estate one of the most widespread ways to reduce the costs of construction and, as a result, real estate value is cutting procurement expenditures. The author draws attention to the fact that one of the reasons for occurrence of additional expenses at the stage of procurement of the goods for construction needs could be total or partial incompatibility between, on the one hand, packing and wrapping materials and, on the other hand, both the materials carried and vehicles that are planned to transport the cargo. The article considers the features of general nomenclature groups of imported from Europe construction materials, gives the detailed analysis of the characteristics of the transport and consumer packaging and also the wrapping used in the process of its transportation. The author suggests the algorithm of coordinated actions of suppliers, buyers, local carriers from countries of consignment and logistics operators, which could be applied for reducing of the quantity of the incidents during the logistics handling connected with packing.

scholarly journals Building Rubiks Cube: A Function Of Production

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Jose Villacis Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Dimensional Cube ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

The Rubiks cube is a special game and a very particular puzzle. The 3-dimensional cube is made up of six faces, or boundary sections, of the same size. Each face, or section, consists of several two dimensional square parts, or cubelets. Every cubelet has the same surface area, and each of the six faces has the same number of cubelets. Therefore, the cubes surface is entirely covered with isocubelets. The cubelets are painted in six different colours, and it is possible to create a design where each face shows only one colour. Such is the object of the game: to turn the cubelets and sections of the cube so that only one (different) colour shows on each one of the six faces. If one manages to master the puzzle, the cube will show six faces of the same size, each coloured differently. The cubelets and sections of the cube can be turned both horizontally and vertically in order to change colours while trying to determine the appropriate combination to complete the puzzle. This approach is linked to a particular function in microeconomics that deals with the relationship between two magnitudes: on the one hand, the moves needed to achieve the desired final design; and on the other hand, the cost linked to the required production processes. This analytical model must use combinatorial mathematics equipment because, after all, the key factor in solving the Rubiks cube is the way in which the cubelets and sections are arranged.

Mound Building at Parchman Place

2019 ◽  
pp. 90-117
Author(s):  
Erin S. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Social History ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Community Values ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
White Clay

Chapter 4 describes excavations, coring, and salvage work in mound contexts at Parchman Place and presents a detailed analysis of mound stratigraphy in Mounds A and E. The results of stratigraphic analyses reveal a complicated social history of mound building at the site that played out over the course of the 14th and 15th centuries and alternately emphasized social hierarchy on the one hand and heterarchical values related to balance and autonomy on the other. A number of typical and atypical mound building practices were identified, including founding events, mantle construction, building and dismantling of summit structures, veneering, truncation, and incorporation. Veneering is interpreted as a challenge to the hierarchical tendencies typically associated with mound building and Mississippian leadership in that it bundled the meaningful substances of white clay, shell, and ash. These substances, when used together, invoke ideas about wholeness and balance between different realms of the cosmos. Mound building and depositional practice were thus salient ways of negotiating community values related to status, leadership, kin group autonomy, and the Mississippian cosmos.

scholarly journals Business model maturity in management theory and practice – defining from an expert perspective

Management ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
Przemysław Niewiadomski
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Management Theory ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The One

SummarySince many researchers and managers think about the essence, creation mechanisms and limits of the manufacturing model maturity, at this point, the author raises the question related to this issue: what dimensions (descriptions and desiderata) should be considered when conceptualizing this idea? The formulated question became a starting point and a point of conducting a creative synthesis, based, on the one hand, on a detailed analysis of the problem theory, and on the other hand – on the author’s own research. The above question and belief related to the existence of economic demand for results of application nature were the main inspiration to undertake research whose main purpose is to recognize: how the maturity of the business model is understood by selected experts operating in the Polish agricultural machinery sector?

scholarly journals Decision Making with Dynamic Uncertain Events

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 233-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meir Kalech ◽  
Shulamit Reches
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Approximation Algorithms ◽  
Optimal Algorithm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Uncertain Information ◽  
Effective Algorithm ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

When to make a decision is a key question in decision making problems characterized by uncertainty. In this paper we deal with decision making in environments where information arrives dynamically. We address the tradeoff between waiting and stopping strategies. On the one hand, waiting to obtain more information reduces uncertainty, but it comes with a cost. Stopping and making a decision based on an expected utility reduces the cost of waiting, but the decision is based on uncertain information. We propose an optimal algorithm and two approximation algorithms. We prove that one approximation is optimistic - waits at least as long as the optimal algorithm, while the other is pessimistic - stops not later than the optimal algorithm. We evaluate our algorithms theoretically and empirically and show that the quality of the decision in both approximations is near-optimal and much faster than the optimal algorithm. Also, we can conclude from the experiments that the cost function is a key factor to chose the most effective algorithm.

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