Optimization of therapeutic and diagnostic approaches and possibility of predicting degree of risk of violation of vaginal microbiota

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
A. B. Khuraseva ◽  
T. V. Reminnaya
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Point System ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Degree Of Risk ◽  
Unpleasant Smell

Goal. Optimization of the effectiveness of diagnosis and prediction of the degree of risk of violation of the vaginal microbiota.Materials and methods. 572 patients were examined with complaints of copious discharge from the genital tract and/or an unpleasant smell. All women were observed in accordance with anamnestic, clinical, and laboratory criteria.Results and conclusions. When examining patients, the results of anamnestic, clinical and laboratory signs were evaluated according to a point system, taking into account their informative value and the probability of influencing the vaginal microbiome. Based on the data analysis, a method for predicting the degree of risk of violation of the vaginal microbiota was proposed. The method allows for a personalized therapeutic and diagnostic approach and allows predicting the risk of violation of the vaginal microbiota as early as possible.

The role of lactobacilli in restoring normal vaginal microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
Yu.E. Dobrokhotova ◽  
◽  
K.R. Bondarenko ◽  
P.A. Shadrova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Protective Function

Achievements of modern science in the field of clinical microbiology, immunology and genetics help to take a different view of the significance of microflora for the human body on the whole. The role of various microorganisms in maintaining the normalization of the female reproductive system is constantly discussed in world literature. The emergence of the method of mass spectrometry has made it possible to identify several hundred types of microorganisms and determine the dominant. Vaginal microbiota is the first line of protection against pathogenic microorganisms in the genital tract. Changes in the content of healthy vaginal microbiome can affect vaginal homeostasis, reducing protective capabilities of the body and thereby increasing women’s susceptibility to infections of the lower genital tract. In addition, the vaginal microbiota plays an important role during pregnancy and childbirth, forming the neonatal microbiome. Despite the importance of studying the patterns of dominance of various types of lactobacilli in the vaginal biotope, there is currently little evidence of their protective function in relation to the female reproductive tract, which remains the subject of study. This knowledge gap is a challenge to the development of effective and applicable treatment methods with probiotic drugs, followed by an assessment of their effectiveness to protect and improve the reproductive health of the female population. Ke ywords: bacterial vaginosis, pregnancy, vaginal probiotics, vaginal microbiome, lactobacillus species identification, lactobacilli, lactic acid

scholarly journals An Insight into Vaginal Microbiome Techniques

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1229
Author(s):  
Mahima Sharma ◽  
Chitrakshi Chopra ◽  
Malvika Mehta ◽  
Varun Sharma ◽  
Sharada Mallubhotla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome ◽  
Know How ◽  
Lower Genital Tract ◽  
Insight Into

Background: There is a unique microbial community in the female lower genital tract known as the vaginal microbiota, which varies in composition and density and provides significant benefits during pregnancy, reproductive cyclicity, healthy newborn delivery, protection from preterm birth, infections such as UTIs, bacterial vaginosis, and so on, and improves the efficacy of treatments for vaginal cancers. Methods: It is necessary to know how the vaginal microbiome is composed in order to make an accurate diagnosis of the diseases listed above. A microbiome’s members are difficult to classify, and the way microbial communities function and influence host–pathogen interactions are difficult to understand. More and more metagenomic studies are able to unravel such complexities due to advances in high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics. When it comes to vaginal microbiota research, we’ll be looking at the use of modern techniques and strategies that can be used to investigate variations in vaginal microbiota in order to detect diseases earlier, better treat vaginal disorders, and boost women’s health. Discussion: The discussed techniques and strategies may improve the treatment of vaginal disorders and may be beneficial for women’s overall health.

Inflammatory disease of the womans reproductive system: modern trends in diagnosis and therapy (literature review)

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
T Yu Pestrikova ◽  
I V Yurasov ◽  
E A Yurasova
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Pelvic Organs ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches

Medical, social and economic relevance of inflammatory diseases of the woman's reproductive organs requires a very careful attitude to the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. The number of patients with genital infections and inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs can takes the first place in structure of gynecological morbidity, and is 60.4-65.0%, and this fact is not unique to Russia, but all over the world. Incidence rate of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs in the first decade of the twenty-first century is increased at 1.4 times in patients who are from 18 to 24 years old and at 1.8 times in patients aged 25-29 years. At the same time, the cost of diagnosis and treatment has increased, reaching 50-60% of the total cost of providing gynecological care for population. The inflammatory diseases of pelvic organs are a collective concept. It includes of various nosological forms. There are numerous contradictions in the views on diagnostic approaches and treatment tactics, the nature of screening and control over the long-term results of treatment, the etiological and pathogenetic significance of various microorganisms found in the genital tract in patients with inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. Currently, there are many opinions among specialists about diagnostic approaches and treatment tactics, the type of screening and monitoring the long-term results of treatment, the etiological and pathogenetic role of various microorganisms which can be found in the genital tract in patients with inflammatory diseases. This review presents the results of a modern approach to the diagnosis, management and rehabilitation of patients with inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs.

scholarly journals Vaginal, Cervical and Uterine pH in Women with Normal and Abnormal Vaginal Microbiota

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Malene Risager Lykke ◽  
Naja Becher ◽  
Thor Haahr ◽  
Ebbe Boedtkjer ◽  
Jørgen Skov Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ph Gradient ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Female Genital

Introduction: Healthy women of reproductive age have a vaginal pH around 4.5, whereas little is known about pH in the upper genital tract. A shift in the vaginal microbiota may result in an elevated pH in the upper genital tract. This might contribute to decreased fertility and increased risk of preterm birth. Therefore, we aimed to measure pH in different compartments of the female genital tract in both nonpregnant and pregnant women, stratifying into a normal and abnormal vaginal microbiota. Material and methods: In this descriptive study, we included 6 nonpregnant, 12 early-pregnant, and 8 term-pregnant women. A pH gradient was recorded with a flexible pH probe. An abnormal vaginal microbiota was diagnosed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique for Atopobium vaginae; Sneathia sanguinegens; Leptotrichia amnionii; bacterial vaginosis-associated bacterium 1, 2, 3, and TM7; and Prevotella spp. among others. Results: In all participants we found the pH gradient in the lower reproductive canal to be most acidic in the lower vagina and most alkaline in the upper uterine cavity. Women with an abnormal vaginal microbiota had an increased pH in the lower vagina compared to the other groups. Conclusions: There is a pronounced pH gradient within the female genital tract. This gradient is not disrupted in women with an abnormal vaginal microbiota.

scholarly journals The influence of associated infection on the development of miscarriage

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
S. M. Yasnikovska ◽  
A. V. Hoshovska
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Genital Tract Infection ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Lower Genital Tract ◽  
Lower Genital Tract Infection ◽  
Tract Infections

The article presents the results of a study of the vaginal microbiota in women with miscarriage in early term of gestation. It has been established that pregnant women with lower genital tract infections are at high risk for perinatal and postpartum complications. In most of them (76.0 %) there was a lack of Preconception Prevention with the study of the vaginal biotope. In pregnant women at risk of miscarriage on the background of lower genital tract infection, microbial and viral associations are more common than monoinfection. Taking into account the negative effects of lower genital tract infection on the further course of pregnancy and childbirth and the condition of newborns, at the stage of Preconception Prevention should be studied vaginal microbiota. During pregnancy, it is necessary to conduct a thorough examination of women with timely identification of risk factors for miscarriage, which include associated infections, and their adequate correction.

scholarly journals Vaginal Microbiota, Genital Inflammation and Extracellular Matrix Remodelling Collagenase: MMP-9 in Pregnant Women With HIV, a Potential Preterm Birth Mechanism Warranting Further Exploration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte-Eve S. Short ◽  
Rachael A. Quinlan ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Veronica Georgiana Preda ◽  
Ann Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Vaginal Fluid ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes ◽  
Genital Tract Infection ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Tnf Α

BackgroundPregnant women living with HIV infection (PWLWH) have elevated rates of preterm birth (PTB) in which HIV and cART are implicated. PWLWH also have a high prevalence of adverse vaginal microbiota, which associate with genital tract inflammation. The mechanism underlying PTB in PWLWH is unknown. We present the first data in PWLWH on genital-tract matrix-metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9), an important collagenase implicated in labour onset, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1(TIMP-1) and explore correlations with local inflammation and vaginal bacteria.Material and MethodsCervical vaginal fluid (CVF) collected by a soft cup and high vaginal swabs (HVS) were obtained from PWLWH and HIV uninfected pregnant women (HUPW) at three antenatal time points. Maternal characteristics, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) exposure, and pregnancy outcome were recorded. Concentrations of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and ten cytokines were measured by immunoassays. Vaginal microbiota composition was determined through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. MMP-9, TIMP-1 and cytokine concentrations were compared by HIV status, cART, and prematurity and in PWLWH correlations with polymorphonuclear leucocytes, cytokines and bacterial genera were explored.ResultsCVF was available for 50 PWLWH (108 samples) and 12 HUPW (20 samples) between gestation weeks 14-38. Thirty-six PWLWH conceived on cART and 14 initiated post-conception. There were five and one PTB outcomes in PWLWH and HUPW respectively. PWLWH had higher mean CVF concentrations of MMP-9 (p<0.001) and TIMP-1 (p=0.035) in the second trimester compared with HUPW with a similar trend in the third trimester. PWLWH also had higher CVF values of cytokines: IL-1β, IL-8, IL-12 and TNF-α in both trimesters compared to HUPW (p ≤ 0.003). In PWLWH, MMP-9 positively correlated with TIMP-1 (r=0.31, p=0.002) and CVF polymorphonuclear leucocytes (r=0.57, p=0.02). Correlations were observed between MMP-9 and three cytokines: IL-1β (r=0.61), IL-8 (r=0.57) and TNF-α (r=0.64), p<0.001, similarly for TIMP-1. Abundance of anaerobic pathobionts correlated with MMP-9: Gardnerella (r=0.44, p<0.001), Atopobium (r=0.33, p=0.005), and Prevotella genera (r=0.39, p<0.001). Conversely proportion of Lactobacillus genera negatively correlated with MMP-9 (rho=-0.46, p<0.001). MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio increased with gestational age at sampling in PWLWH, but this was no longer significant after adjusting for confounders and no difference by prematurity was observed in this sub-study.ConclusionsHere we show strong correlations of MMP-9 to genital tract inflammation and sub-optimal bacterial genera in PWLWH indicating the ascending genital tract infection pathway may be a contributory mechanism to the high risk of PTB.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSIS OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Diagnostic approach to TSH-producing pituitary adenoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 177 (4) ◽  
pp. R183-R197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Tjörnstrand ◽  
Helena Filipsson Nyström
Keyword(s):  
Rare Condition ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Pituitary Mass ◽  
Endocrine Disease ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Practical Suggestion ◽  
Tsh Secretion ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Inappropriate Tsh Secretion

Thyrotropin (TSH)-secreting adenomas (TSHomas) are the rarest form of pituitary adenomas, and most endocrinologists will see few cases in a lifetime, if any. In most cases, the diagnostic approach is complicated and cases may be referred after being presented as a syndrome of inappropriate TSH secretion or as a pituitary mass. This review aims to cover the past, present and possible future diagnostic approaches to TSHomas, including different clinical presentations, laboratory assessment and imaging advances. The differential diagnoses will be discussed, as well as possible coexisting disorders. By evaluating the existing reports and reviews describing this rare condition, this review aims to present a clinically practical suggestion on the diagnosic workup for TSHomas, Major advances and scientific breakthroughs in the imaging area in recent years, facilitating diagnosis of TSHomas, support the belief that future progress within the imaging field will play an important role in providing methods for a more efficient diagnosis of this rare condition.

scholarly journals Host Immune Response and Novel Diagnostic Approach to NTM Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4351
Author(s):  
Yuko Abe ◽  
Kiyoharu Fukushima ◽  
Yuki Hosono ◽  
Yuki Matsumoto ◽  
Daisuke Motooka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Proper Diagnosis

The incidence and prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are steadily increasing worldwide, partially due to the increased incidence of immunocompromised conditions, such as the post-transplantation state. The importance of proper diagnosis and management of NTM infection has been recently recognized. Host immunological responses play integral roles in vulnerability to NTM infections, and may contribute to the onset of specific types of NTM infection. Furthermore, distinct NTM species are known to affect and attenuate these host immune responses in unique manners. Therefore, host immune responses must be understood with respect to each causative NTM species. Here, we review innate, cellular-mediated, and humoral immunity to NTM and provide perspectives on novel diagnostic approaches regarding each NTM species.

scholarly journals Microbiome and Cervical Cancer

Pathobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Cristina Paula Castanheira ◽  
Mayara Luciana Sallas ◽  
Rafaella Almeida Lima Nunes ◽  
Noely Paula Cristina Lorenzi ◽  
Lara Termini
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
Cervical Disease ◽  
Female Genital

Persistent infection with some types of mucosal human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological factor for the development of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. Besides, several cofactors are known to play a role in cervical disease onset and progression either by favoring or by preventing HPV infection and persistence. The microbiome of a healthy female genital tract is characterized by the presence of 1 or few varieties of lactobacilli. However, high-throughput studies addressing the bacterial diversity and abundance in the female genital tract have shown that several factors, including hormonal levels, hygiene habits, and sexually transmitted diseases may disrupt the natural balance, favoring the outgrowth of some groups of bacteria, which in turn may favor some pathological states. Recently, the vaginal microbiome has emerged as a new variable that could greatly influence the natural history of HPV infections and their clinical impact. In this context, changes in the vaginal microbiome have been detected in women infected with HPV and women with HPV-associated lesions and cancer. However, the role of specific bacteria groups in the development/progression or prevention/regression of HPV-associated pathologies is not well understood. In this review we summarize the current knowledge concerning changes in vaginal microbiome and cervical disease. We discuss the potential functional interplay between specific bacterial groups and HPV infection outcomes.

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