Nonequilibrium Kolmogorov-type particle distributions and their applications

Shear flows are ubiquitously present in space and astrophysical plasmas. This paper highlights the central idea of the non-thermal acceleration of charged particles in shearing flows and reviews some of the recent developments. Topics include the acceleration of charged particles by microscopic instabilities in collisionless relativistic shear flows, Fermi-type particle acceleration in macroscopic, gradual and non-gradual shear flows, as well as shear particle acceleration by large-scale velocity turbulence. When put in the context of jetted astrophysical sources such as Active Galactic Nuclei, the results illustrate a variety of means beyond conventional diffusive shock acceleration by which power-law like particle distributions might be generated. This suggests that relativistic shear flows can account for efficient in-situ acceleration of energetic electrons and be of relevance for the production of extreme cosmic rays.

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Virus-Like Particles in a Human Breast Cancer: Structural Similarity to Previously Reported Particles

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100072332 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 378-379

Author(s):

G. Kasnic ◽

S. E. Stewart ◽

C. Urbanski

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Biological Activity ◽

Human Breast Cancer ◽

Osteogenic Sarcoma ◽

Human Tumor ◽

Structural Similarity ◽

Cell Tumor ◽

Human Breast ◽

Human Tumor Cell ◽

Type Particle

We have reported the maturation of an intracisternal A-type particle in murine plasma cell tumor cultures and three human tumor cell cultures (rhabdomyosarcoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and osteogenic sarcoma) after IUDR-DMSO activation. In all of these studies the A-type particle seems to develop into a form with an electron dense nucleoid, presumably mature, which is also intracisternal. A similar intracisternal A-type particle has been described in leukemic guinea pigs. Although no biological activity has yet been demonstrated for these particles, on morphologic grounds, and by the manner in which they develop within the cell, they may represent members of the same family of viruses.

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Intramitochondrial Viruses of Reptilian Cell Origin

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100094851 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 318-319

Author(s):

Philip D. Lunger ◽

H. Fred Clark

Keyword(s):

Particle Production ◽

Outer Zone ◽

Density Variation ◽

Core Region ◽

Mitochondrial Membranes ◽

Virus Particles ◽

The Core ◽

Vipera Russelli ◽

Maturation Stages ◽

Type Particle

In the course of fine structure studies of spontaneous “C-type” particle production in a viper (Vipera russelli) spleen cell line, designated VSW, virus particles were frequently observed within mitochondria. The latter were usually enlarged or swollen, compared to virus-free mitochondria, and displayed a considerable degree of cristae disorganization.Intramitochondrial viruses measure 90 to 100 mμ in diameter, and consist of a nucleoid or core region of varying density and measuring approximately 45 mμ in diameter. Nucleoid density variation is presumed to reflect varying degrees of condensation, and hence maturation stages. The core region is surrounded by a less-dense outer zone presumably representing viral capsid.Particles are usually situated in peripheral regions of the mitochondrion. In most instances they appear to be lodged between loosely apposed inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.

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The use of particle monitoring in the performance optimisation of conventional clarification and filtration processes

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1997.0117 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 191-198

Author(s):

G. Standen ◽

P. J. Insole ◽

K. J. Shek ◽

R. A. Irwin

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Water Supply ◽

Laser Diffraction ◽

Raw Water ◽

Particle Distributions ◽

Upper Limit ◽

Start Up ◽

On Line ◽

Particulates Removal ◽

Particle Monitoring

The application of laser diffraction particle monitoring to the performance optimisation of a pilot clarifier and full-scale rapid gravity filters (RGF), operating on water supply works in Hampshire, is described. Furthermore the dosing of powdered activated carbon (PAC) into the works' clarifiers has been evaluated in terms of RGF performance. A costly proposal to install a third filter medium was subsequently abandoned when it was found that particle numbers in the filtered water were consistently below 1×102/ml. Various combinations and doses of coagulants and flocculant aids, shown to give optimum particulates removal during intensive jar testing trials, were transferred to the pilot clarifier. Particle monitoring enabled a more accurate derivation of suitable blanket chemistry and optimum blanket heights than turbidity changes. Raw water turbidities were 10-15 NTU at start-up with corresponding counts beyond the upper limit of the particle monitor. An on-line dilution system was developed to overcome this problem. Latex bead (4.33 μm) and Lycopodium spore (4-5 μm) suspensions (about 1 × 109 particles) were injected into the pilot clarifier to assess the removal efficiency of Cryptosporidium-sized particles. Reductions of about 1.7 log and 2.6 log were achieved for the beads and spores, respectively. Particle distributions of various PAC's and a bentonite were obtained in order to assess their potential effects on the coagulation process during clarification. Bentonite was also beneficial as an on-line means of checking particle monitor response and calibration. The works' filters achieved 1.5 to 2.0 log removals of 2-5 μm particles without media addition or operational changes. Combined clarification and filtration gave better particulates removal than two-stage microfiltration.

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Physical Processes in Nebular Shells and the Interpretation of Nebular Spectra

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900093694 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 103 ◽

pp. 219-227

Author(s):

J. Patrick Harrington

Keyword(s):

Charge Transfer ◽

Simple Model ◽

Stellar Wind ◽

High Velocity ◽

Planetary Nebulae ◽

Geometrical Parameters ◽

Stellar Winds ◽

Physical Processes ◽

Rapid Cooling ◽

Particle Distributions

Computed models are now recognized as useful tools for interpretation of the spectra of planetary nebulae. However, even the most detailed models need geometrical parameters such as filling factors which are poorly determined by observations. Some effects may be seen more clearly by modeling the stratification than by just using total fluxes. A simple model for NGC 6720 is presented which reproduces the behavior of (Ne III) λ3869 observed by Hawley and Miller (1977), clearly showing the effects of charge transfer. The behavior of C II λ4267 remains puzzling. Finally, we comment on the interaction of high velocity stellar winds with nebular shells. Non-equilibrium particle distributions at the contact between the shocked stellar wind and the nebula may result in the rapid cooling of the shocked gas.

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Kolmogorov-Type Inequalities for Fractional Derivatives on the Half Line

Ukrainian Mathematical Journal ◽

10.1007/s11253-014-0913-z ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 77-85

Author(s):

D. A. Levchenko

Keyword(s):

Fractional Derivatives ◽

Half Line ◽

Kolmogorov Type

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Comparative study on the hydrodynamics and mixing characteristics of a new-type particle mixer

Powder Technology ◽

10.1016/j.powtec.2018.03.057 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 332 ◽

pp. 90-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zhenliang Meng ◽

Mengxi Liu ◽

Junming Xie ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Chunxi Lu

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Mixing Characteristics ◽

New Type ◽

Type Particle

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Bidirectional Fractal Test of Dust Particle

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.108-111.954 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 108-111 ◽

pp. 954-959

Author(s):

Fan Jiang ◽

Wei Ping Chen ◽

Zhong Wei Liang

Keyword(s):

Spherical Particle ◽

Dust Particle ◽

Identical Particle ◽

Fractal Dimensions ◽

Surface Shape ◽

Flat Type ◽

Type Particle

To describe surface shape of the dust particle comprehensively, uses the bidirectional CCD to shoot picture of dust particle, through recognizing the bidirectional particle picture, matching the particle, computing the fractal results of identical particle in two pictures, and integrating two fractal results, obtains the dust particle bidirectional fractal. The results indicated that three fractal dimensions of spherical particle are quite closed, but the three fractal dimensions of flat type particle are significantly different.

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